大學(xué)英語精讀3課文(第三版)_中英文對照.doc

課文翻譯Unit 1Text A young man finds that strolling along the streets without an obvious purpose can lead to trouble with the law. One misunderstanding leads to another until eventually he must appear in court for trial一個青年發(fā)現(xiàn)，在大街上毫無明顯目的地游逛會招致警方的責(zé)罰。 誤會一個接一個發(fā)生，最終他只得出庭受審A Brush with the Law 與警察的一場小沖突I have only once been in trouble with the law. 我平生只有一次跟警方發(fā)生糾葛。The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now. 被捕和出庭的整個過程在當(dāng)時是一件非常不愉快的事，但現(xiàn)在倒成了一篇很好的故事。What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court. 這次經(jīng)歷令人可惱之處在于圍繞著我的被捕以及隨后庭上審訊而出現(xiàn)的種種武斷專橫的情況。It happened in February about twelve years ago. 事情發(fā)生在大約12年前，其時正是2月。I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due to go to university until the following October. 幾個月前我中學(xué)畢業(yè)了，但上大學(xué)要等到10月。 I was still living at home at the time. 當(dāng)時我還在家中居住。One morning I was in Richmond, a suburb of London near where I lived. 一天早晨，我來到里士滿。這里是倫敦的一個郊區(qū)，離我住的地方不遠(yuǎn)。I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go travelling. 我在尋找一份臨時工作，以便積些錢去旅游。As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天氣晴朗，當(dāng)時又無急事，我便慢悠悠看看櫥窗，逛逛公園。有時干脆停下腳步，四處張望。It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall. 現(xiàn)在看來，一定是這種明顯的毫無目的的游逛，使我倒了霉。It was about half past eleven when it happened. 事情發(fā)生在11點半鐘光景。I was just walking out of the local library, having unsuccessfully sought employment there, when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me. 我在當(dāng)?shù)貓D書館謀職未成，剛剛走出來，便看到一個人穿越馬路，顯然是要來跟我說話。I thought he was going to ask me the time. Instead, he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me. 我以為他要問我時間，不料他說他是警官，要逮捕我。At first I thought it was some kind of joke. But then another policeman appeared, this time in uniform, and I was left in no doubt. 起先我還以為這是在開玩笑，但又一個警察出現(xiàn)在我的面前，這次是位身著警服的，這一下使我確信無疑了。But what for? I asked. “為什么要抓我?”我問道。Wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence, he said. “到處游蕩，企圖作案，”他說。What offence? I asked. “作什么案?”我又問。Theft, he said. “偷竊，”他說。Theft of what? I asked. “偷什么?”我追問。Milk bottles, he said, and with a perfectly straight face too! “牛奶瓶，”他板著面孔說道。Oh, I said. “噢，”我說。It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area, particularly that of stealing milk bottles from doorsteps. 事情原來是這樣的，在這一地區(qū)多次發(fā)生小的扒竊案，特別是從門前臺階上偷走牛奶瓶。Then I made my big mistake. 接著，我犯了一個大錯誤。At the time I was nineteen, had long untidy hair, and regarded myself as part of the sixties youth countercultrue. 其時我年方19，留一頭蓬亂的長發(fā)，自認(rèn)為是60年代“青年反主流文化”的一員。As a result, I want to appear cool and unconcerned with the incident, so I said, How long have you been following me? in the most casual and conversational tone I could manage. 所以我想裝出一副冷漠的、對這一事件滿不在乎的樣子。于是我盡量用一種漫不經(jīng)心的極其隨便的腔調(diào)說，“你們跟蹤我多久啦?” I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character. 這樣一來，在他們眼里，我就像是非常熟悉這一套的了，也使他們更加確信我是一個地地道道的壞蛋。A few minutes later a police car arrived. 幾分鐘后，開來了一輛警車。Get in the back, they said. Put your hands on the back of the front seat and dont move them. “坐到后面去，”他們說。“把手放到前排座位的靠背上，不準(zhǔn)挪動?！盩hey got in on either side of me. It wasnt funny any more. 他們分別坐在我的兩邊。這可再也不是鬧著玩的了。At the police station they questioned me for several hours. 在警察局，他們審訊了我好幾個小時。 I continued to try to look worldly and au fait with the situation. 我繼續(xù)裝成老于世故、對這種事習(xí)以為常。 When they asked me what I had been doing, I told them Id been looking for a job. 當(dāng)他們問我在干什么時，我告訴他們在找工作。Aha, I could see them thinking, unemployed. “啊，”我可以想象他們在想，“果然是個失業(yè)的家伙?！盓ventually, I was officially charged and told to report to Richmond Magistrates Court the following Monday. Then they let me go. 最后，我被正式起訴，并通知我下周一到里士滿地方法庭受審。隨后他們讓我離開。I wanted to conduct my own defence in court, but as soon as my father found out what had happened, he hired a very good solicitor. 我想在法庭上作自我辯護(hù)，但父親知道這事后，馬上請了一位高明的律師。We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses, including my English teacher from school as a character witness. 我們星期一出庭的時候，帶了各種各樣的證人，其中包括我中學(xué)的英語老師，做我人品的見證人。But he was never called on to give evidence. My trial didnt get that far. 但結(jié)果法庭沒有叫他作證。我的“審判”沒有進(jìn)行到那一步。The magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes. 開庭15分鐘，法官就駁回了對我的指控。I was free. The poor police had never stood a chance. 我無罪獲釋?？蓱z的警方一點兒贏的機會都沒有。The solicitor even succeeded in getting costs awarded against the police. 我的律師甚至讓法庭責(zé)成警方承擔(dān)了訴訟費用。And so I do not have a criminal record. 這樣，我的履歷上沒有留下犯罪的記錄。 But what was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on. 但當(dāng)時最令人震驚的，是那些顯然導(dǎo)致宣布我無罪的證據(jù)。I had the right accent, respectable middle-class parents in court, reliable witnesses, and I could obviously afford a very good solicitor. 我講話的口音“表明我教養(yǎng)良好”，到庭的有體面的中產(chǎn)階級的雙親，有可靠的證人，還有，我顯然請得起一名很好的律師。Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. 從對我指控的這種捕風(fēng)捉影的做法來看，我肯定，如果我出身在另一種背景的家庭里，并且真的是失了業(yè)的話，我完全可能被判有罪。While asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitors case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a brilliant academic record. 當(dāng)我的律師要求賠償訴訟費時，他公然把辯護(hù)的證據(jù)建立在我“學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)異”這一事實上。Meanwhile, just outside the courtroom, one of the policemen who had arrested me was gloomily complaining to my mother that another youngster had been turned against the police. 與此同時，就在審判室外面，一位抓我的警察正在沮喪地向我母親抱怨，說是又一個小伙子要跟警察作對了。You could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested you, he said to me reproachfully. 他帶著責(zé)備的口氣對我說，“我們抓你的時候，你本可以稍微幫點忙的。”What did he mean? 他說這話什么意思?Presumably that I should have looked outraged and said something like, Look here, do you know who youre talking to? I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record. How dare you arrest me!大概是說我本該顯出憤憤不平的樣子，并說，“喂，留神點，你知道你在跟誰說話?我是學(xué)業(yè)出眾的高材生。你敢抓我!”Then they, presumably, would have apologized, perhaps even taken off their caps, and let me on my way. 那樣一來，他們或許會向我道歉，說不定還會脫帽致意，讓我走開呢。NEW WORDS（新詞） brushn. brief fight or encounter 小沖突；小接觸 processn. course; method, esp. one used in manufacture 過程；制作法 arbitrarya. based on ones own opinion only, not on reason 任意的；武斷的 circumstancen. (usu. pl.) conditions, facts, etc. connected with an event or person 情況，環(huán)境 subsequenta. following, later 隨后的，接下去的 faten. what will happen or happened to sb. or sth. 命運 duea. expected; supposed (to) 預(yù)期的；約定的；到期的 temporarya. lasting only for a limited time 暫時的 strolla. walk at leisure 散步，閑逛 obviousa. easily seen or understood; clear 明顯的，顯而易見的 downfalln. ruin 垮臺；衰落 employmentn. ones regular work or occupation; job 職業(yè)；工作 wandervi. move about without a purpose 閑逛；漫游 commitvt. do (sth. wrong, bad, or unlawful)干（壞事），犯（錯誤、罪） arrestablea. deserving to be arrested offence (AmE offense)n. crime; the hurting of feelings; something unpleasant 罪行；冒犯；不愉快的事 straight face a face or expression that shows no emotion, humor, or thought 板著的臉 pettya. small; unimportant 小的；不足道的 doorstepn. a step in front of a door regardvt. consider in the stated way 把看作；把認(rèn)為(as) counterculturen. a culture, esp. of the young who oppose the traditional standards and customs of their society 反主流文化 unconcerneda. not worried; untroubled; indifferent 無憂慮的；淡漠的 casual a. careless; informal 漫不經(jīng)心的，隨便的 conversationala. of or commonly used in talking 會話（用）的 confirmvt. make certain; support 證實，肯定；確定 beliefn. something believed; trust 相信；信念；信仰 thoroughlyad. completely; in every way 完全地，徹底地 thorough a. disreputablea. having or showing a bad character; having a bad name 聲名狼籍的 worldlya. experienced in the ways of society 老于世故的 au faita. (F) familiar 熟悉的；精通的 ahaint. a cry of surprise, satisfaction, etc. 啊哈！ magistrate n. civil officer acting as a judge in the lowest courts 地方法官 conductvt. direct the course of; manage 處理；主持；引導(dǎo)；指揮 defence (AmE defense)n. the act of defending in court the person who has been charged 辨護(hù) solicitorn. (esp. in Britain) lawyer who advises clients on legal matters and speaks on their behalf in lower courts （初級）律師 witnessn. a person who gives evidence in a court of law; sth. serving as evidence or proof 證人；證據(jù) trialn. the act or fact of examining and deciding a civil or criminal case by a law court 審判 dismissvt. (of a judge) stop (a court case) 駁回，對不予受理 costn. (pl.) the cost of having a matter settled in a law court. esp. that paid to the winning party by the losing party 訴訟費 awardvt. give by a decision in court of law; give or grant by an official decision 判給；授予 accentn. way of speaking typical of the natives or residents of a region, or of any other group 口音；腔調(diào) respectablea. deserving respect 值得尊敬的 reliablea. that may be relied or depended upon 可靠的，可信賴的 givenprep. taking into account; if allowed or provided with 考慮到；假定 obscurea. not clearly seen or understood 模糊的；晦澀的 guiltya. having broken a law; showing or feeling that one has done wrong 有罪的；內(nèi)疚的 revolvev. (cause to) go round in a circle （使）旋轉(zhuǎn) brillianta. causing great admiration or satisfaction; splendid 輝煌的；卓越的 courtroomn. a room where a law court is held 審判室 meanwhilead. during the same period of time 同時 gloomilyad. depressedly, dejectedly 憂郁地；沮喪地 complainvi. speak in an unhappy, annoyed, dissatisfied way 抱怨 complaint n. reproachfullyad. 責(zé)備地 presumablyad. probably outragevt. arouse anger or resentment by injury or insult 引起的氣憤 successfula. having done what one has tried to do; having gained a high position in life, ones job. etc. 成功的；有成就的 apologizevi. say one is sorry 道歉，謝罪apology n.道歉，歉意PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS take sb. to court start an action in law against sb. 對某人提出訴訟 a couple of (informal) a small number of, a few, usually two 少數(shù)，幾（個）； 一對 save up keep for future use; put money away in the form of savings 儲蓄 take ones time do sth. in a leisurely manner; not hurry 慢慢來，不著急 at first at the beginning 起先 turn out prove to be 結(jié)果；證明是 call on ask (sb.) to do sth. esp. formally 要求 stand a chance have an opportunity; be likely to do or get sth. 有機會，有希望 revolve around have as a center or main subject圍繞 turn against (cause to) oppose, be hostile to PROPER NAMES Richmond 里士滿（英國地名） Richmond Magistrates Court 里士滿地方法院Unit 2TextFruitful Questions獲益匪淺的問題The other night at the dinner table, my three kids-ages 9,6 and 4-took time out from their food fight to teach me about paradigm shifts, and limitations of linear thinking and how to refocus parameters. 不久前的一個晚上在餐桌旁，我的三個孩子-年齡分別為9歲、6歲和4歲-暫時停止?fàn)帗屖澄?，騰出時間教我認(rèn)識什么是范式變換、什么是線性思考的局限以及如何重新看待相關(guān)的各種因素。Heres how it happened: We were playing our own oral version of the Sesame Street game, “What Doesnt Belong?,” where kids look at three pictures and choose the one that doesnt fit. I said, “OK, what doesnt belong, an orange, a tomato or a strawberry?” 事情是這樣的：當(dāng)時我們在玩自己那套只動嘴的“哪個不是同一類？”的芝麻街游戲。本來玩這游戲時，孩子們要看三張畫并挑出那張不屬同一類的畫。我說：“來吧，哪個不是同一類，桔子，西紅柿，還是草莓？”The oldest didnt take more than a second to deliver his smug answer: “Tomato because the other two are fruits.”I agreed that this was the right answer despite the fact that some purists insist a tomato is a fruit. To those of us forced as kids to eat them in salads, tomatoes will always be vegetables. 老大很快就說出了自以為非常得意的答案：“西紅柿，因為其他兩種是水果?！蔽页姓J(rèn)這是正確答案，盡管有些純粹主義者堅決認(rèn)為西紅柿是一種水果。對我們這些從小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西紅柿的人來說，西紅柿永遠(yuǎn)是蔬菜。 I was about to think up another set of three when my 4-year-old said, “The right answer is strawberry because the other two are round and a strawberry isnt.” How could I argue with that?我正準(zhǔn)備再出一道三種東西為一組的題目時，我4歲的孩子說：“正確答案是草莓，因為另外兩種是圓的，草莓卻不圓?！蔽以趺茨荞g斥這種論點呢？Then my 6-year-old said, “Its the orange because the other two are red.” Not to be outdone by his younger siblings, the 9-year-old said, “It could also be the orange because the other two grow on vines.” 接著，我6歲的孩子說：“不屬同一類的是桔子，因為另外兩種是紅色的。”9歲的孩子不想讓弟妹占上風(fēng)，說道：“不是同一類的也可以是桔子，因為其他兩種長在藤上?！盩he middle one took this as a direct challenge. “It could be the strawberry because its the only one you put on ice cream.” 老二把這看作對他發(fā)出的挑戰(zhàn)?！翱梢允遣葺驗橹挥胁葺畷旁诒苛苌??！盨omething was definitely happening here. 毫無疑問，這里正發(fā)生著什么事兒。It was messier than a food fight and much more important than whether a tomato is a fruit or vegetable. 這事兒比爭搶食物還亂，比西紅柿是水果還是蔬菜重要得多。My kids were doing what Copernicus did when he placed the sun at the center of the universe, readjusting the centuries-old paradigm of an Earth-centered system. 哥白尼把太陽視為宇宙中心，重新調(diào)整了地心說這一長達(dá)數(shù)世紀(jì)的范式，我的孩子們正做著哥白尼當(dāng)年做的事。They were doing what Reuben Mattus did when he renamed his Bronx ice cream Hagen-Dazs and raised the price without changing the product. 魯賓馬修斯把他的布朗克斯冰淇淋改名為哈根達(dá)斯，在不改變產(chǎn)品的情況下提高了價格，我的孩子們正做著魯賓馬修斯做過的事。They were doing what Edward Jenner did when he discovered a vaccination for smallpox by abandoning his quest for a cure.愛德華詹納放棄了尋找治療天花的特效藥，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)了能預(yù)防這一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子們正做著愛德華詹納做過的事。Instead of studying people who were sick with smallpox, he began to study people who were exposed to it but never got sick. He found that theyd all contracted a similar but milder disease, cow pox, which vaccinated them against the deadly smallpox. 他不去研究得了天花的患者，而去研究接觸天花卻從未染上此病的人。他發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都患了一種類似天花但比較輕微的疾?。号６唬慌６皇顾麄兊靡苑乐谷旧现旅奶旎?。They were refocusing the parameters. They were redefining the problems. 他們在重新看待相關(guān)的各種因素。他們在重新認(rèn)識他們的問題。They were reframing the questions.他們在重新表述他們的問題。In short, they were doing what every scientist whos ever made an important discovery throughout history has done, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: They were shifting old paradigms.總之，據(jù)托馬斯庫恩在他的科學(xué)革命的結(jié)構(gòu)一書中所言，他們正做著歷史上有過重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)家都曾做過的事：他們在改變舊的范式。But if this had been a workbook exercise in school, every kid who didnt circle tomato would have been marked wrong. 但假若我們的游戲是學(xué)校里做在作業(yè)本上的練習(xí)，那么沒有把西紅柿圈出來的孩子全都會被批為答錯。 Every kid who framed the question differently than “Which is not a fruit?” would have been wrong. 凡是沒有把問題解讀為“哪個不是水果”的孩子都是錯的。Maybe that explains why so many of the worlds most brilliant scientists and inventors were failures in school, the most notable being Albert Einstein, who was perhaps this centurys most potent paradigm-shifter.也許這種情形說明了為什么世界上最杰出的科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家中有那么多的人讀書時是不及格的學(xué)生。其中最引人注目的是阿爾貝特愛因斯坦，他也許是本世紀(jì)最有影響的范式改變者。This is not meant to be a critique of schools. Lord knows, thats easy enough to do. 這樣說，并不是想對學(xué)校評頭品足。天知道，發(fā)一通議論太容易了。This is, instead, a reminder that there are real limits to the value of information. 這樣說，不過是想提醒大家信息的價值實在是有限的。I bring this up because we seem to be at a point in the evolution of our society where everyone is clamoring for more technology, for instant access to ever-growing bodies of information. 我提出這一點，是因為我們的社會似乎發(fā)展到了這樣一個階段，人人都大聲要求得到更多的技術(shù)，大聲要求即刻享用不斷增多的信息。Students must be online. Your home must be digitally connected to the World Wide Web. 學(xué)生們必須聯(lián)機。你們家必須用數(shù)碼與環(huán)球信息網(wǎng)連通。 Businesses must be able to download volumes of data instantaneously. But unless we shift our paradigms and refocus our parameters, the super information highway will lead us nowhere.企業(yè)必須能即時下載大量資料。但是，除非我們改變范式、重新看待相關(guān)的各種因素，否則，信息高速公路就不會給我們帶來什么結(jié)果。We are not now, nor have we recently been suffering from a lack of information. Think how much more information we have than Copernicus had four centuries ago. 無論是現(xiàn)在還是最近，我們都不缺信息。試想我們擁有的信息比四百年前的哥白尼多了多少。And he didnt do anything less Earth-shattering (pun intended) than completely change the way the universe was viewed. 但他作出了足以震撼地球的（權(quán)作雙關(guān)語）驚人之舉，完全改變了人們對宇宙的看法。He didnt do it by uncovering more information-he did it by looking differently at information everyone else already had looked at. 他作出此舉不是靠發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的信息，而是靠用不同的眼光來看大家都看到過的信息。Edward Jenner didnt invent preventive medicine by accumulating information; he did it by reframing the question. 愛德華詹納不是靠積累信息發(fā)明預(yù)防藥物，而是靠重新表述問題。What we need as we begin to downshift onto the information highway is not more information but new ways of looking at it. 當(dāng)我們開始駛?cè)胄畔⒏咚俟窌r，我們所需要的不是更多的信息，而是看信息的新方法。We need to discover, as my kids did, that there is more than one right answer, there is more than one right question and there is more than one way to look at a body of information. 我們應(yīng)該像我的孩子所做的那樣，去發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個以上的正確答案、有一個以上正確的問題、有一個以上看一堆信息的方法。We need to remember that when you have only a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.我們應(yīng)該記住：當(dāng)你只有一把錘子時，你往往把每個問題都看作釘子。 Unit 3TextEvery teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are the reasons for choosing teaching as a career? 也許每位教師都一再問過自己：為什么選擇教書作為自己的職業(yè)？Do the rewards teaching outweigh the trying comments? Answering these questions is not a simple task. Lets see what the author says. 教書得到的回報是否使老師的煩惱顯得不值得多談？回答這些問題并非易事。讓我們看看本文的作者說了些什么。Why I Teach我為什么當(dāng)教師 Peter G. BeidlerWhy do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didnt want to be considered for an administrative position. 你為什么要教書呢? 當(dāng)我告訴一位朋友我不想謀求行政職務(wù)時，他便向我提出這一問題。He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a step up toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power. 所有美國人受的教育是長大成人后應(yīng)該追求金錢和權(quán)力，而我卻偏偏不要明明是朝這個目標(biāo)“邁進(jìn)”的工作，他為之大惑不解。Certainly I dont teach because teaching is easy for me. 當(dāng)然，我之所以教書不是因為我覺得教書輕松。Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. 我做過各種各樣的工作，籍以謀生：機修工、木工、作家，教書是其中最難的一行。For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. 對我來說