新課標對小學語文閱讀教學要求及對策.doc

一、語文閱讀教學的重要性小學生閱讀教學是小學語文教學中一個重要的教學環(huán)節(jié)，它能夠提高小學生的文學素養(yǎng)，使小學生的聽說讀寫能力得到鍛煉和提升的同時，還使小學生的知識面變得更寬廣，拓展了小學生語文知識積累量，使小學生的思維發(fā)生擴散，提升小學生的語文知識和認知能力。教師的閱讀教學方法的科學與否直接關系到小學生語文成績的好壞，因此，教師應運用科學的閱讀教學方法，并且根據(jù)小學生的年齡特征和現(xiàn)有認知水平進行合理教學，正確引導學生，使學生形成良好的教學習慣，實現(xiàn)教學目的，完成教學任務。1二、語文課程標準對小學語文閱讀教學的相關規(guī)定1.閱讀理念課程標準指出，教師在閱讀教學中使學生獲得一定的情感體驗，即要求教師應引導學生有感情地閱讀課文內(nèi)容。在閱讀中，教師不應把自己的思維方式強加給學生，限制住學生的想象力，而應該讓學生自由發(fā)揮想象，對課文的內(nèi)容形成獨特的理解和感悟。另外，應教導學生注重積累，培養(yǎng)學生對語言文字的感知能力。并將多種閱讀方法教給學生，讓學生使用探究性的閱讀方式進行閱讀，摒棄接受型閱讀方式，增強學生獨立閱讀的欲望。2.閱讀目標與內(nèi)容教學的目標是使學生能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自主閱讀，即老師沒有教，學生就已經(jīng)閱讀過了。我們知道，在具體的實踐教學中，無論老師教得多么好，學生如果不自覺，閱讀教學的效果永遠不會提高。相反，一旦學生發(fā)揮出自主性，教學的效果就會事半功倍。3.突出多讀，重視積累(1)遍數(shù)多。“書讀百遍，其意自見”這句話不無道理，多讀才能使印象加深。閱讀遍數(shù)越多，對文章的理解就會越深刻，讀的多了，自然就記住了，根本不必一字一句地死記硬背?！岸嘧x”,還指多多地朗讀，同時也強調(diào)了誦讀。我國古代語文學習的最基本的方法就是誦讀，誦讀相較于朗讀來說更強調(diào)個人的體驗。(2)數(shù)量多。語文課程標準中指出，學生9年間的閱讀總量應在400萬字以上，其中，小學時期閱讀量標準是145萬字以上。具體分為三個階段，第一階段5萬字以上，第二階段40萬字以上，第三階段100萬字以上。(3)品種多。多讀除了要求遍數(shù)多、數(shù)量多以外，還要品種多。教師在閱讀教學中應當豐富閱讀內(nèi)容，讀物的種類應當既包括科技、歷史方面的書，又包括文學方面的書。不僅要讀詩歌、散文、劇本，還要讀故事、童話、寓言等，現(xiàn)代、古代的作品都應讓學生有所接觸。4.重視能力的培養(yǎng)閱讀能力是指學生接受和理解書面材料的內(nèi)容和意義的能力，這種能力可以幫助學生獲取知識，增加才干?？梢哉f，根據(jù)一個人閱讀能力的高低可以判斷這個人語文素質(zhì)的高低。閱讀能力包括認讀、理解、記憶和速度等要素，只有掌握這些要素，才能使自己的閱讀能力得到提升，才能更輕松地學習中學、大學的知識。三、小學語文閱讀教學的策略1.培養(yǎng)學生養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習慣良好的閱讀習慣可以大大地提高閱讀的效果，如果學生沒有養(yǎng)成專心思考習慣和自主閱讀習慣，將會使閱讀效果大打折扣。因此，在閱讀教學中，應該重點培養(yǎng)小學生的閱讀習慣，告知學生專心閱讀，不可心不在焉地東張西望;在閱讀過程中，啟發(fā)學生多發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，多思考;不斷豐富閱讀內(nèi)容，增添閱讀環(huán)節(jié)，加強學生字詞積累，多給學生留一些自由閱讀的時間，引導學生自主閱讀。閱讀時還應該注重掌握作者的情感變化，與作家進行情感交流;培養(yǎng)學生每天閱讀，做好字詞積累，并且讓學生長期堅持下去，讓閱讀真正地成為一種習慣。2.教給學生閱讀方法(1)目標閱讀法。目標閱讀法就是在閱讀前提出一個明確的目標，然后讓學生根據(jù)這個目標來閱讀。目標注入情感，指向性強，學生在有針對性的閱讀過程中，通過自主探究產(chǎn)生愛憎。(2)快速閱讀法。在教學過程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些小學生總是用手指著文字進行閱讀，這樣會使閱讀的速度變慢，而且閱讀的內(nèi)容斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，不夠連貫。針對這個問題，教師應當訓練小學生快速閱讀能力，比如，要求小學生在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)完成閱讀。這樣，學生能在快速的閱讀過程中集中精力，快速地消化和處理信息。對于篇幅較長的文章，這種方法能夠在短時間內(nèi)獲取較多的信息，在潛移默化中促進了學生對信息的加工處理能力，提高小學生閱讀速度。(3)精讀法。朱熹認為，讀書不僅要熟讀，還要熟讀成誦，不僅要思考，還要發(fā)散思維。對于認知能力有限的小學生來說，只有閱讀足夠的遍數(shù)，才能理解文章。培養(yǎng)學生基本閱讀能力的一個重要手段就是精讀法，它要求學生對文章中的重點內(nèi)容集中精力、逐字逐句地仔細閱讀，并進行認真思考。教師應當選擇一些情節(jié)生動的段落指導學生進行精讀，在精讀時，要求學生調(diào)動多種感官，一邊讀，一邊想，一邊寫，引導學生養(yǎng)成認真讀書的好習慣，并且讓小學生背誦一些句子、段落和文章。3.教師要引導學生多朗讀朗讀是一種基本的閱讀方法，教師應該教導學生多進行朗讀，幫助小學生集中注意力，使學生更好地品味重點詞句，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章內(nèi)涵所在。在閱讀教學中，與學生多進行溝通交流，提升小學生的想象力，培養(yǎng)其對語文的感悟。朗讀還可以使小學生在頭腦中儲存一些印象深刻的文字，這樣，在小學生寫作文的過程中其語言用詞更準確，語句更連貫，寫作水平同時得到了提升。閱讀課上，教師可以指導學生進行課前朗誦，使學生快速進入到語文閱讀學習狀態(tài)中。還可以根據(jù)課文主題指定重復朗讀的部分，使學生深刻理解課文境界。4.注重學生在閱讀中發(fā)揮想象力，發(fā)散思維在閱讀教學中，教師應注意選擇適合小學生認知水平的文本教材，創(chuàng)設愉悅輕松的情境，在入情入境的閱讀中快樂地學習。激發(fā)小學生的閱讀興趣，增強其學習主動性，引發(fā)探究意向和動力，使學生興趣盎然地享受閱讀，樂于閱讀，領會到語文閱讀的樂趣，讀出作者的情感變化，感受到文章內(nèi)在的感情，與作家進行情感交流，產(chǎn)生共鳴，真正做到激勵、喚醒、鼓舞。在教學過程中恰當運用現(xiàn)代化設備進行輔助教學，將課文內(nèi)容所要表達的情境通過聲情并茂的動感形式直觀地展現(xiàn)出來，更好地引導學生在情境感染下發(fā)散思維，發(fā)揮想象，鍛煉和培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力。5.訓練學生多思多問要想使學生的語文閱讀能力得到提升，必須教導學生多讀多問，學生只有敢于提出問題，善于解決問題，才能取得進步。在閱讀教學中，教師應當引導學生勤于動腦，啟發(fā)學生多思多問，告知學生發(fā)現(xiàn)的技巧，使學生提出的問題具有一定的意義和針對性。通過這種方式，教師可以判斷學生在閱讀學習中是否理解了閱讀內(nèi)容，掌握了學習的重點。若是學生提出的疑問一直停留在表面，就說明學生沒有領會到教學的主旨。教師應當有意識地增加與學生的互動，通過相互溝通，促進學生加深對寫作背景和動機的理解，使學生透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，讓課堂“活”起來，讓語言“活”起來，實現(xiàn)閱讀教學的目標。First, the importance of the Chinese reading teachingPrimary school reading teaching is an important teaching link in primary school Chinese teaching, it can improve the elementary students literary attainments, the elementary students listening, speaking, reading and writing ability to get exercise and improve at the same time, also make elementary students knowledge more wide, expand the elementary student the language knowledge accumulation, diffusion in the elementary students thinking, enhance the language knowledge and cognitive ability of students.Teachers reading teaching method is scientific or not directly related to the primary school language result is good or bad, therefore, teachers should use scientific reading teaching method, and according to the elementary students age characteristic and the existing cognitive level on reasonable teaching, guide students to correctly, make students form good habits of teaching, realize the teaching purpose, complete the teaching mission. 1Second, the Chinese curriculum standard regulations for primary school Chinese reading teaching1. The concept of readingCourse standard points out that teachers in the reading teaching to make students get emotional experience, which requires teachers should guide students to read texts have feelings. In reading, the teacher should not impose their own way of thinking on students, restrict the students imagination, but should let the students free play imagination, content to form a unique understanding and comprehension of the text. In addition, should teach students pay attention to accumulation, training students perception of language. And a variety of reading methods to teach students, let students use the explorative way of reading for reading, abandon receptive reading way, strengthen students independent reading desire.2. Read the goal and contentTeaching goal is to make students can realize the independent reading, the teacher did not teach, students will have read. As we know, in the practice teaching, no matter how well, the teacher teaches students if not consciously, the effect of the reading teaching will never improve. Instead, once students perform autonomy, will get twice the result with half the effort teaching effect.3. Highlight read, pay attention to accumulate(1) more times. Books read hundreds of times, its meaning from the see this sentence makes sense, read to make impression deepened. Reading times, the more the more profound understanding of the article will become, read more, naturally remember, dont have to word memorizing. Read more, also refers to read a lot, but also emphasize the reading. Ancient Chinese language learning the most basic way is to read, read it is more of an emphasis on personal experience compared to read aloud.(2). Chinese course standard points out that the students to read the total 9 years should be in more than 4 million words, among them, the primary school reading standard is more than 1.45 million words. Concrete is divided into three phases, the first phase of 50000 words above, more than 400000 words in the second stage, the third stage more than 1 million words.(3) the variety. Read more besides request times, quantity, and many varieties. Teachers should be enriched the contents of the reading in the reading teaching, reading should include both the kinds of science and technology, history books, including literature books again. Should not only read poetry, prose, scripts, but also read a story, fairy tales, fables, etc., modern and ancient works should let the students contact.4. Attention to the cultivation of abilityReading ability refers to the students accept and understand the content of the written materials and the ability to sense, this ability can help students acquire knowledge, increase the ability. According to one level of the ability of reading, as it were, people can be judged by the Chinese quality of high and low. Reading skills including reading, understanding, memory and elements such as speed, only to master these elements, to make improve their reading ability, learn the knowledge of middle school and university can be more easily.Three, the strategy of primary school Chinese reading teaching1. To cultivate students develop good reading habitsGood reading habits can greatly improve the effect of reading, if students are not absorbed in thinking habit and independent reading habit, will make the reading effect. In the reading teaching, therefore, should focus on cultivating pupils reading habits, told the students to concentrate on reading, do not absently look in all directions; In the process of reading, inspire the student to find more problems, more thinking; Enrich the reading content, add reading link, strengthen students accumulate words, to give students more free time to read, guide students to read independently. When reading should also pay attention to grasp the emotional change of the author, with the writer for emotional communication; Trains the student to read every day, completes the accumulation of words, and let the students hold on for a long time, make reading really become a habit.2. Teach students reading methods(1) the goal reading method. Target reading method is put forward a clear goal before reading, and then let the students read according to this goal. Target into the emotion, strong directivity, students in the process of targeted reading, produce hate through independent inquiry.(2) the method of fast reading. In the teaching process, we found some pupils always pointing to read text, this will make reading speed is slow, and read the contents of the intermittent, not coherent enough. Aiming at this problem, teachers should train students ability of rapid reading, for example, pupils within the prescribed period of time required for reading. In this way, students can focus on in the process of fast reading, digestion and process information quickly. For much longer articles, this method can get more information in a short period of time, in imperceptible to promote the students ability of information processing, improve the students reading speed.(3) the intensive reading method. Zhu believed that reading books is not only to read, and read up on a recitation, not only to thinking, and divergent thinking. For elementary school students cognitive ability is limited, only read enough times, to understand the article. Cultivate students basic reading ability is an important means of intensive reading method, it requires the students to the main points of the article focus on, word for word, read it carefully, and think seriously about. Teachers should select some vivid plot paragraphs to guide students to intensive reading, in intensive reading, students are required to mobilize various senses, read, he thought, side to write, guides the student to form the good habit of reading carefully, and let students to recite some sentences, paragraphs and articles.3. Teachers should guide students to read moreReading is a basic method of reading, teachers should teach students how to read, help students concentrate, key words and sentences to make the students better taste, see the article content. In reading teaching, communicate more with the students, improve pupils imagination, to cultivate their comprehension of the language. Reading can also make pupils to store some impressive words in your mind, so, in the primary school students write a composition in the process of its language more accurate words, statement more coherent, writing level has improved at the same time. Reading class, the teacher can guide the students to read before class, students quickly into the state of Chinese reading learning. Can also according to the text theme to specify repeat part, make the students understand the text.4. Pay attention to the students in reading imagination, divergent thinkingIn the reading teaching, teachers should pay attention to the text teaching material choice is suitable for primary school students cognitive level, create happy relaxed situation, in the feeling of reading study happily. Stimulate the elementary students reading interest, enhance their learning initiative, to explore the intention and motivation, make the students enjoy reading interest, to read, appreciate the fun of Chinese reading, read the authors emotional change, feel the inner feelings, the emotional communication with the writer, resonate, truly inspire, awaken and inspire. In the process of teaching the appropriate auxiliary teaching, the use of modern equipment to the text content to the situ