2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試押題卷英語(yǔ)試卷(一).docVIP

絕密 啟用前2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英 語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1、答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2、回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3、考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第卷第一部分 聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）（略）第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié) (共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASupply Primary Teachers NeededWe work with a group of Good and Excellent schools located across London. We are looking for excellent teachers who have a passion for teaching and are looking for new opportunities.About Supply TeachingSupply teaching gives you the freedom and flexibility to work at a variety of different schools. You have the option of day-to-day supply or long-term supply, which could lead to a full time employment.You would be required to have a great understanding of the primary curriculum(課程). If you have experience, then please dont hesitate to apply.You would be working with students who have varied needs.We are looking for able and devoted teachers who are able to teach and engage with the whole class while teaching.Supply roles are great for experienced teachers and newly qualified teachers looking to gain experience.Key ResponsibilitiesTo teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students.To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons.To use regular assessments to set targets for students, and monitor their progress.To maintain regular and productive communication with students and parents.The Perfect Candidate Must hold a university diploma.Able to work well within a team. Strong understanding of the primary curriculum. Able to create interesting and engaging lessons for students.Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am. Contact UsPlease dont hesitate to contact us at ASQEducation.If you feel like this is not quite the right role for you, please still contact us at ASQ Education, we have a variety of roles in Primary and Secondary School.21. What main duties should a supply teacher take?A. Plan, prepare and teach effective lessons.B. Guide students to experience after-school activities.C. Set targets to become a full time employee.D. Make sure of the students freedom and flexibility.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分的前兩句“To teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students. To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons.”可知，計(jì)劃、籌備并進(jìn)行有效的教學(xué)是老師的主要職責(zé)之一。故選A。22. Which of the following is not suitable to be a supply teacher?A. One who has a clear idea of primary curriculum.B. One who has great passion for teaching.C. One who has teaching experience.D. One who likes working alone.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四部分第二句“Able to work well within a team”可知，作為一名代課教師，應(yīng)該有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神，由此可推知，D項(xiàng)不適合。故選D。23. If you want to apply for the position, you should _.A. have humorous personalityB. apply before 4th January 2018 at 9 amC. contact the schools located across London directlyD. prepare a lesson and communicate with parents in advance【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五部分 “Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am.”可知，最后截止期限是2018年1月4日上午9點(diǎn)。故選B。BToday, I felt terrible-my head was full of problems and confusion. I decided to take a walk even though I didnt know where I would go. The most extraordinary thing happened when I was out on this walk. I saw an old man sitting on a chair. He was a seller of second-hand shoes. He seemed so tired and nobody was buying his shoes.I wanted to give him something but I had not brought anything with me. Then, a little girl came toward him. I heard the child say, Grandfather, may I polish your shoes? That old man took pity on her, smiled and he gave her a shoe to polish. The girl said, I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform. The old man answered, Oh, little girl. Just stop doing this. Come with me and I will buy you a uniform.Then they walked to a market (I followed behind) and he bought her a uniform. The girl was so happy. She said, Thank you so much for doing this. Then she left, leaving the old man smiling. He walked away from the market, but I stopped him.I whispered in his ear, You are a hero! Thank you for your kindness! As I walked away, I glanced back and I could see him still smiling. I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had so little himself was able to show such incredible generosity! Amazing!My own sadness had completely disappeared, chased away by the light of this kind act. I began realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for. 24. Why did the girl want to polish shoes for the old man?A. To support the old mans business.B. To show her pity on the old man.C. To earn money to buy something to her brother.D. To attract the attention of passers-by to buy more shoes.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第五句 The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform.” 可知，女孩幫老人擦鞋是為了賺錢(qián)給弟弟買(mǎi)校服。故選C。25. What can we know about the old man from the passage?A. He has not enough to eat and wear.B. He is very cold to others.C. He is a kind and generous man.D. He is in a poor health condition.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。老人自身并不富足，還是熱心地幫助小女孩實(shí)現(xiàn)了愿望，由此可推知，他是一個(gè)慷慨、善良的人。故選C。26. What words can be described the girls character?A. Friendly and caring. B. Greedy and kind.C. Enthusiastic and impatient. D. Mean and sad. 【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。小女孩對(duì)待賣(mài)鞋子的老人禮貌而又周全，由此可知她很友好；為了給弟弟買(mǎi)新校服愿意付出自己的勞動(dòng)，由此可知，她很有愛(ài)心。故選A。27. What may the author learn from the old man?A. Compared with helping others, personal sadness is not important.B. One should live by ones own work not by others help.C. One shouldnt look down upon the one who needs help.D. Even though one has little, he should try to help others.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。賣(mài)鞋的老人自己并沒(méi)有多少錢(qián)，還是盡自己的力量幫助了小女孩。作者可以從老人身上學(xué)習(xí)到：一個(gè)人即使擁有的不多，但仍要盡自己的努力來(lái)幫助需要幫助的人。故選D。CAdults perform better when they have a lot to gain or lose. But scientists did not know whether teens did too. To find out, Insel asked 88 people between the ages of 13 and 20. She had them try a game. The participants looked at pictures of planets on a computer screen. They had to click as fast as they could when they saw a planet with designs. They were not supposed to click if a planet had no designs. The participants could earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones. In other sessions, theyd get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones. Players of all ages wanted to win the money, and cared more about bigger rewards than smaller ones.As Insel expected, adults performed better when the stakes were high. But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes. Insels team published this work November 28, 2017, in Nature Communications.Brains change and mature during adolescence. And not all parts grow at the same rate. Insel was interested in two areas in particular. One is deep inside the brain and just above the ears. Called the ventral striatum (腹側(cè)紋狀體), it helps the brain calculate rewards. The ventral striatum becomes mature during the teen years.The brains prefrontal cortex (前額葉) takes longer to mature. This area is important for planning and setting goals. It may not mature until early adulthood.Nerve pathways think of them as the brains “wiring” connect the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex. This lets the two regions communicate to make decisions. But because the prefrontal cortex matures later, the wiring between the two may not be complete until adulthood. 28. Which of the following can explain Insels research?A. Teens ignore key points in many aspects.B. Adults behave better with higher rewards.C. Teens give more attention to exams than usual work.D. Adults behave more maturely than children in every way. 【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句 “Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.”可知，當(dāng)提高籌碼時(shí)，只有19歲或20歲的孩子在游戲中表現(xiàn)更好。由此可推知， 18歲的成年人在籌碼增大時(shí)，表現(xiàn)更好，與B項(xiàng)一致。故選B。29. What does the underlined word “stakes” refer to?A. The final results of games or experiments.B. The things that can be gained or lost in races.C. The ambitions or energies that one experiences in games.D. The powers that make one feel less pressure or pain. 【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文可知，stakes在此處指實(shí)驗(yàn)中提到的 “earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones”, “get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones”，指比賽中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或賭注。故選B。30. From the passage, we can know _.A. the experiment aims to find out adults behaviour facing high stakesB. teens have better performances in the first roundsC. adults care less about the experiment at firstD. adults and teens show differently with high stakes【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句 “But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.”可以看出，提高實(shí)驗(yàn)的籌碼級(jí)別，成年人表現(xiàn)得更好，而13到18歲的孩子表現(xiàn)和原來(lái)無(wú)異。故選D。31. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Unlike adults, teens dont perform better with high stakes B. Who perform better, adults or children?C. Stakes are the key points in promoting ones passionD. Whether low stakes or high stakes, one behaves similarly【答案】A【解析】文章標(biāo)題。本文通過(guò)具體實(shí)驗(yàn)，主要闡述了因?yàn)榇竽X中的前額葉發(fā)育不成熟，面對(duì)高和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或賭注，青少年表現(xiàn)相差無(wú)幾，而成年人則面對(duì)高賭注，表現(xiàn)更好。故選A。DDriverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping. Several companies recently announced plans to launch self-sailing ships to improve safety and efficiency.One of them is Norwegian chemical company Yara International. Yara has designed to build an autonomous ship expected to launch next year. The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution. It is designed to carry containers normally transported by truck. This means the ship will also improve road safety by replacing about 40,000 truck trips a year.Yara plans to operate the ships by remote control beginning sometime next year. By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves. Another company focusing on self-sailing ships is the worlds largest mining company, Australias BHP Billiton. The companys Vice President of Freight, Rashpal Bhatti, recently spoke about the technology. He said, “I believe automation will be one of the biggest changes for shipping in the future.” Autonomous ships offer important chances to improve safety and provide better efficiency outcomes to the marine supply chain.” He added that self-sailing ships could become a reality within the next decade. Rolls-Royce, the British automobile and engine manufacturer, is also developing unmanned shipping technologies. Oskar Levander is the companys head of marine operations. He told a conference last year, “This is happening. Its not if, its when.”Several shipping companies have invested hundreds of millions of dollars to develop self-sailing ships expected to be used by 2025. These ships will be equipped with technology to collect weather and sea data. They will then use the data to plan out the safest, shortest and most fuel-efficient route. 32. What advantages does the driverless ship have according to the passage?A. Environmental friendly. B. Without noise.C. Low cost. D. Having stronger ship body.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句 “The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution.”可知，無(wú)人駕駛輪船是電力的，旨在減少空氣污染，由此可推知，這種船很環(huán)保。故選A。33. What can we learn from paragraph 3?A. Australias BHP Billiton is the worlds largest ship company.B. The ships will work almost automatically by 2020.C. Bhatti isnt sure of the future of driverless ship.D. Self-sailing ships will be used in a couple of years.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句 “By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves.”可推知，到2020年，這種船將能自動(dòng)裝載和航行。故選B。34. What attitude does Oskar Levander have to the new driverless ship?A. Unsure. B. Doubtful. C. Sure. D. Objective.【答案】C【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句 “This is happening. Its not if, its when.”可知，他堅(jiān)信這一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。故選C。35. Where is probably the passage taken from?A. A physics textbook. B. A travel booklet. C. An advertisement. D. A science report.【答案】D【解析】文章出處題。本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了最前沿的科技-無(wú)人駕駛輪船的研制，因此有可能選自科技報(bào)導(dǎo)。故選D。第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Here are some ways of encouraging a friend to get through a difficult time. 1. Make contact. When you find out that someone is going through a crisis, get in contact with them as soon as possible. If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email. 36 This is especially important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficult to leave the house.2. Listen to them without judgment.People need to tell their stories in their own time. Of course youre going to have opinions about their situation. 37 Focus on your friend, so they work through the healing process.3. Offer practical help.Instead of offering advice, what you can offer is some actual help. This can make a huge difference for them. 38 Help them out with some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them, helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk. 4. 39 When someone is going through a difficult life event, the basic functions of life tend to get forgotten. They possibly forget to eat or stop caring for their appearance. Remind them to do things like shower, and exercise. 5. Dont take over their life. Taking over their life may overwhelm them. 40 Dont just take your friend to dinner, ask them where and when they want to dine. Letting them make decisions, even if theyre small decisions, can go long way towards reclaiming their power.A. Even doing some little things can make a difference.B. You should offer options to them.C. Sometimes visiting someone in person is also effective. D. You should use your past experiences to help them.E. But it isnt always necessary to share your advice.F. Its better to be there for them.G. Encourage your friend to keep up with the life basics.【答案】36.C 37.E 38.A 39.G 40.B【解析】36. C本段主要講述朋友面對(duì)困境，情緒低落時(shí)要和他們及時(shí)聯(lián)系，前面提到了如果距離遠(yuǎn)，就打電話(huà)或發(fā)郵件。此處是另一種和朋友聯(lián)系的方式，根據(jù)最后一句中的 “that makes it difficult to leave the house”可知，朋友生病不能離開(kāi)家時(shí)，去家中拜訪(fǎng)也是一個(gè)好方法。故選C。37. E本段主要講述傾聽(tīng)，不要評(píng)判。和本段標(biāo)題中的 “without judgment”以及下文中的 “Focus on your friend”照應(yīng)，此處指不要提建議，要傾聽(tīng)。故選E。38. A和下一句中的 “some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them, helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk”照應(yīng)，此處指為朋友哪怕做一些小事情也會(huì)對(duì)他們很有幫助。故選A。39. G根據(jù)本段中的 “eat or stop caring for their appearance”可知，朋友情緒低落時(shí)，往往會(huì)忘記最基本的日常生活，甚至忘記吃飯，不關(guān)注個(gè)人儀表，因此本段主要說(shuō)明要提醒朋友做一些最基本的生活瑣事，和G項(xiàng)中的 “keep up with the life basics”一致。故選G。40. B根據(jù)下一句中的 “Letting them make decisions”可知，應(yīng)該給朋友提供自己做決定和選擇的機(jī)會(huì)，不要大包大攬，替他們做決定。故選B。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)第一節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Id like to share a story from over 25 years ago that changed my life. During a vacation trip to California, I managed to 41 some time to stay with family friends in northern California but that meant in the short time I needed to find my way to the bus station, some 30 miles away. Being a poor student, I had little 42 to get there. I tired to call various 43 but they were all too 44 to pick me up. Then, I got one person on the phone who 45 to transport me with limited 46 ! He came to pick me up about 45 minutes later. The driver was 47 and I remember wondering 48 the taxi didnt have a meter. The driver was so kind. He knew I was upset so he 49 me with stories and good conversation. He said I looked like his 50 .At one point, I asked him why he 51 so little compared to the others. Then, he explained that he was actually 52 and hadnt 53 his number from the phone book. When I called, clearly 54 , he felt that he should come to help. This man drove an hour to help a 55 he didnt know for a fee that barely covered his gas, if that! This mans 56 warms my heart every time I think of him. 57 , I didnt get his name and his face has since faded from my memory. But he is on my 58 often and I wish I could thank him 59 . “Thank you Mr. Angel Taxi-Man! I hope your granddaughter knows what a 60 grandfather she has!41. A. spendB. spareC. wasteD. kill42. A. moneyB. timeC. energyD. effort43. A. train B. tramC. ferryD. taxis44. A. reasonable B. unbelievableC. expensiveD. cheap45. A. refusedB. agreedC. askedD. tried46. A. distances B. fundsC. spaceD. time47. A. oldB. youngC. richD. poor48. A. when B. whyC. whereD. how49. A. laughedB. helpedC. distractedD. absorbed50. A. granddaughter B. grandsonC. friendD. daughter51. A. chargedB. paidC. costD. took52. A. graduated B. lostC. retiredD. recovered53. A. changedB. removedC. convertedD. corrected54. A. astonished B. pleasedC. eagerD. upset55. A. relativeB. neighbourC. strangerD. student56. A. kindness B. intelligenceC. cautionD. care57. A. LuckilyB. SurprisinglyC. RegretfullyD. Anxiously58. A. shoulder B. mindC. workD. relaxation59. A. in person B. in allC. in advanceD. in brief60. A. powerful B. gratefulC. usefulD. wonderful【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. A51. A 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. D【解析】41. B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的 “During a vacation trip to California”可知，我在度假期間擠出時(shí)間去看望家人朋友。故選B。42. A考查名詞辨析。和本句中的原因狀語(yǔ) “Being a poor student”照應(yīng)，因?yàn)槲沂且粋€(gè)窮學(xué)生，所以沒(méi)有多少錢(qián)。故選A。43. D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，我是打算乘坐出租車(chē)去車(chē)站。故選D。44. C考查形容詞辨析。和上文的 “Being a poor student, I had little 42 to get there.”照應(yīng)，乘坐出租車(chē)太貴了。故選C。45. B考查動(dòng)詞