新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語3-Unit5課文翻譯及單詞解析.doc

二十一世紀(jì)教育的四個(gè)支柱雅克 德洛爾面對未來的種種挑戰(zhàn)，教育看來是使人類朝著和平、自由和社會正義邁進(jìn)的一筆不可或缺的財(cái)富。在二十一世紀(jì)，教育的作用必須立足于人類對更美好世界的向往。為此，我們必須正視二十一世紀(jì)面臨的一些問題，并予以解決。這些問題是：全球與局域之間的緊張關(guān)系：各國人民在不失其根本的同時(shí)，需逐漸成為世界公民。傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代之間的緊張關(guān)系，這和“如何適應(yīng)變革又不漠視過去”屬于同一個(gè)問題。長遠(yuǎn)考慮和短期考慮之間的緊張關(guān)系。輿論總是迫切需要迅速得到問題的答案和現(xiàn)成的解決辦法，而許多問題卻需要從長計(jì)議，耐心協(xié)調(diào)，策略變通方能解決。教育政策正屬于這種情況。人類一方面需要競爭，另一方面也關(guān)注機(jī)會的均等，這兩者之間也存在著緊張關(guān)系。這促使我們把三個(gè)因素協(xié)調(diào)起來：具有激勵(lì)作用的競爭力、產(chǎn)生活力的合作精神以及具有凝聚力的團(tuán)結(jié)精神。精神和物質(zhì)之間的緊張關(guān)系。在不違背每個(gè)人的傳統(tǒng)和信仰的基礎(chǔ)上，激勵(lì)他們升華自己的思想和精神境界，這是教育的崇高使命。close站在這個(gè)立場上，我們建議，人類需要更加重視作為教育基礎(chǔ)的四個(gè)支柱之一：學(xué)會共同生活。教育的使命之一是讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識人類的多樣性，同時(shí)還要讓他們意識到所有人之間的相似性和相互依存性。從幼兒開始，學(xué)校就應(yīng)該抓住各種機(jī)會進(jìn)行這一雙重教育。有些學(xué)科適合進(jìn)行這種教育，例如，在基礎(chǔ)教育階段開設(shè)人文地理，晚些時(shí)候開設(shè)外語和外國文學(xué)。為了學(xué)會共同生活，我們可以多了解他人、了解他人的歷史、傳統(tǒng)和精神價(jià)值，在此基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造一種新的精神，這種精神會激勵(lì)人們參與共同的項(xiàng)目或者用明智、和平的方式化解不可避免的沖突。同時(shí)，我們也不應(yīng)該忽視教育的另外三個(gè)支柱，它們可以說是學(xué)會共同生活的基本要素。第一是學(xué)會認(rèn)知。隨著科學(xué)進(jìn)步所帶來的迅速變革，人類必須重視以下兩個(gè)方面的結(jié)合：一是相當(dāng)廣泛的普通教育；二是就少量精選的學(xué)科進(jìn)行深入研究的可能性。因此，學(xué)會認(rèn)知就意味著學(xué)會如何學(xué)習(xí)。由于知識涉及到方方面面，試圖想什么都知道，這愈來愈做不到。事實(shí)上，在基礎(chǔ)教育階段之后，想成為多門學(xué)科的專家就成了不切實(shí)際的幻想。今天，一個(gè)真正受到良好教育的人需要接受廣泛的通識教育，同時(shí)有機(jī)會深入地研究少量的學(xué)科。通識教育使學(xué)生有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)其他語言、熟悉其他學(xué)科，首先而且尤為重要的是，通識教育提供了與他人交流的手段。這種通識教育可以說是接受終身教育的通行證，因?yàn)樗谷藢K身學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣并為其奠定了基礎(chǔ)。另外一個(gè)支柱是學(xué)會做事。這和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)密不可分：我們?nèi)绾问菇逃臀磥硐噙m應(yīng)、使人們有能力做好未來所需要的工作？這里我們應(yīng)該將以雇傭勞動為主的工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)同以個(gè)體經(jīng)營或臨時(shí)工為主的其他類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)別開來。工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來取決于它們能否把知識的進(jìn)步轉(zhuǎn)化為革新，從而開創(chuàng)新企業(yè)、創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會。除了學(xué)習(xí)從事一種職業(yè)外，學(xué)會做事也指獲得一種能力，這種能力使一個(gè)人能夠應(yīng)付各種各樣的情況，而且能夠參與集體勞動。如果在校的中小學(xué)生和大學(xué)生都有機(jī)會參加一些以獲取工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)為目標(biāo)的培訓(xùn)活動或社會福利工作，以此來實(shí)踐和鍛煉自己的能力，以上所說的能力和技能在許多情況下是比較容易獲得的。最后但同樣重要的是第四個(gè)支柱：學(xué)會生存。在二十一世紀(jì)，人人都需要發(fā)揮更強(qiáng)的自主能力和判斷能力；每個(gè)人都要對共同目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)懷有更強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感。教育應(yīng)當(dāng)促進(jìn)每個(gè)人的全面發(fā)展，即身心、智力、敏銳性、審美情趣以及精神的升華等方面的發(fā)展。每個(gè)人在青少年時(shí)代接受的教育應(yīng)該使他們形成一種獨(dú)立自主的、富有批判精神的思維方式和判斷力。只有這樣，他們才能夠在人生不同的情況下自己確定最應(yīng)該做的事情。蘊(yùn)藏在每個(gè)人身上的像寶藏一樣的才能都必須發(fā)揮出來，例如記憶力、推理能力、想象力、體能、審美意識、與他人交流的能力以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者天生的領(lǐng)袖魅力。這再次證明一個(gè)人需要對自己有更深入的了解。我們要在二十一世紀(jì)建立以獲取、更新和利用知識為基礎(chǔ)的教育社會。由于“信息社會”不斷發(fā)展，人們接觸數(shù)據(jù)和事實(shí)的機(jī)會大增，教育應(yīng)該使每個(gè)人都能收集種種信息，并能篩選、整理、管理和使用這些信息。面對這種對教育越來越多、越來越高的要求，怎樣才能使教育政策實(shí)現(xiàn)既提高教育質(zhì)量又體現(xiàn)教育公正這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)呢？這是我們應(yīng)該解決的問題，其中涉及課程設(shè)置、教學(xué)方法和內(nèi)容、以及提高教學(xué)效果應(yīng)必備的條件。教育的這四個(gè)支柱不能只涉及一個(gè)人一生中的某個(gè)階段或單純某個(gè)方面。我們有必要重新思考：人的一生什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該獲得教育？所受的教育應(yīng)該覆蓋哪些領(lǐng)域？教育的各個(gè)階段和領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該相互補(bǔ)充，相互關(guān)聯(lián)，從而使每個(gè)人在一生中都能夠充分利用自己擁有的獨(dú)特的教育環(huán)境。for want of for lack of, because of a lack of 因?yàn)闆]有或缺少 1. Weve been having a very dry summer this year and many plants have died for want of water. 2. Many AIDS patients in that area have died for want of proper medical care. Virtual v:tjul a. 1) made, done, seen, etc., on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world 虛擬的2) almost what is stated 實(shí)質(zhì)上的，實(shí)際上的1. The website allows you to take a virtual tour of the car show.2. Many people do their jobs in a virtual office, i.e. on a computer connected to the Internet. 1. She is the virtual president of the firm, though her title is secretary.2. That incident has thrown the country into a virtual civil war. be the case be the actual state of affairs; be true 是實(shí)情；是事實(shí)1. Is it the case that the companys sales have declined?2. They tend to think of these people as untruthful, but that is not the case.Decline diklain n. C usu.sing.; U a period or process of going from a better to a worse position 一般用單數(shù)衰退，下降1. Heart disease, the countrys leading killer, is on the decline. 2. He often claims that there has been a decline in moral standards in recent years. hit on upon find by lucky chance or have a good idea about 偶然碰上（想起）1. Im sure theres something we can do, if only we can hit upon the right thing.2. Richard hit upon a business that was just starting to grow rapidly.Rural rurl a. of or like the countryside; concerning country or village life 農(nóng)村的，鄉(xiāng)村的，田園的1. If the number of tourists continues to expand, theyll constitute a threat to traditional rural life.2. Are you tired of city life? Go to the countryside and live a rural life.Resident rezidnt n. a person who lives in a place or a particular area all the time or just while working, studying, or visiting 居民；住客；寄宿者1. Local residents are protesting against the building of a new road through their town.2. More than ten percent of the residents in this area live on the breadline. Grade v. esp AmE mark (written work); give (a student) a mark; separate into levels of rank or quality 尤美給（書面作業(yè)）評分; 給（學(xué)生）分?jǐn)?shù)Im sorry I cannot go to the movie with you tonight, for I have lots of students papers to grade.dispense wit dispens make unnecessary; do without or manage to exist without 使成為不必要；省掉；不用1. The Johnsons have to dispense with a lot of luxuries as Mr. Johnson has lost his job. 2. The price of gasoline (汽油) keeps increasing; we shall have to dispense with our car.Comment kment v. (on, upon) give an opinion; make a comment 常與on或upon連用發(fā)表意見；評論1. When asked to comment on the patients condition, the doctor replied very critical.2. She commented that she was very happy to be a guest in China. reflect on think deeply about; consider 沉思；思考1. Mike reflected on the events of the past few weeks as he was lying awake in bed. 2. He had reflected on the possible results before he made the complaint.in turn one after the other 依次；逐個(gè)地1. To have their oral English tested, the students will see the examiner in turn.2. Each of us in turn went into the teachers office and recited (背誦) the poem to her. Passively psivli ad. passive a. not active; submissive 被動的；消極的 1. You should do everything according to your own plan instead of passively doing whatever she asks you to.2. Most of us will passively accept what newspapers tell us we dont even bother to confirm any of the news. tick away (of time) go by （時(shí)光）流逝1. As the minutes ticked away the audience (觀眾) began to lose patience.2. Time was ticking away and she still hadnt arrived; we became more and more anxious.Practically prktikli ad. in a practical way; very nearly; almost 從實(shí)際出發(fā)；幾乎，差不多1. Years of living abroad have made her practically a foreigner in her own country.2. Its practically impossible to get home in less than an hour during the rush hour.go after pass. rare try to obtain or win; chase 罕用被動語態(tài)追求；追逐1. First find out what job you want and then go after it.2. Once Sam decided what he wanted, he went after it with single-mindedness (專心致志).step in enter an argument or begin to take action in an affair; intervene 介入，干預(yù)，插手1. The police stepped in just in time when the two men were about to start a fight.2. The coach was forced to step in to stop the two athletes from coming to blows.calm down make or become calm （使）安靜下來1. At last the wild wind calmed down and we carried on our journey.2. Calm yourself down theres nothing to worry about. Enlighten inlaitn vt. cause to understand deeply and clearly, esp. by making free from false beliefs 啟發(fā)，啟迪，開導(dǎo)1. Peter thought the world was flat until I enlightened him! 2. Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened.Inspection inspekn n. C; U (an act of) inspecting 檢查；視察1. A careful inspection revealed that the windows of the exhibition hall were not in fact completely shut.2. The watch seemed good at first glance, but on closer inspection there were several defects (瑕疵). bring back cause to return to the mind 使想起，使憶起1. His story brought back our happy childhood in which we often played together.2. Hearing the song brought back many happy memories of my college life.oddly enough it is odd that 奇怪的是，說也奇怪1. Oddly enough, he didnt seem to remember his own birthday.2. Oddly enough, the most expensive shoes sold (the) fastest.in favor of on the side of or in support of 贊同，支持1. Ann says shes in favour of saving money, but sometimes she buys things of no use to her.2. Most teachers are in favor of carrying out teaching reforms while a few others still support the traditional ways.二十一世紀(jì)教育的四個(gè)支柱雅克 德洛爾面對未來的種種挑戰(zhàn)，教育看來是使人類朝著和平、自由和社會正義邁進(jìn)的一筆不可或缺的財(cái)富。在二十一世紀(jì)，教育的作用必須立足于人類對更美好世界的向往。為此，我們必須正視二十一世紀(jì)面臨的一些問題，并予以解決。這些問題是：全球與局域之間的緊張關(guān)系：各國人民在不失其根本的同時(shí)，需逐漸成為世界公民。傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代之間的緊張關(guān)系，這和“如何適應(yīng)變革又不漠視過去”屬于同一個(gè)問題。長遠(yuǎn)考慮和短期考慮之間的緊張關(guān)系。輿論總是迫切需要迅速得到問題的答案和現(xiàn)成的解決辦法，而許多問題卻需要從長計(jì)議，耐心協(xié)調(diào)，策略變通方能解決。教育政策正屬于這種情況。人類一方面需要競爭，另一方面也關(guān)注機(jī)會的均等，這兩者之間也存在著緊張關(guān)系。這促使我們把三個(gè)因素協(xié)調(diào)起來：具有激勵(lì)作用的競爭力、產(chǎn)生活力的合作精神以及具有凝聚力的團(tuán)結(jié)精神。精神和物質(zhì)之間的緊張關(guān)系。在不違背每個(gè)人的傳統(tǒng)和信仰的基礎(chǔ)上，激勵(lì)他們升華自己的思想和精神境界，這是教育的崇高使命.站在這個(gè)立場上，我們建議，人類需要更加重視作為教育基礎(chǔ)的四個(gè)支柱之一：學(xué)會共同生活。教育的使命之一是讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識人類的多樣性，同時(shí)還要讓他們意識到所有人之間的相似性和相互依存性。從幼兒開始，學(xué)校就應(yīng)該抓住各種機(jī)會進(jìn)行這一雙重教育。有些學(xué)科適合進(jìn)行這種教育，例如，在基礎(chǔ)教育階段開設(shè)人文地理，晚些時(shí)候開設(shè)外語和外國文學(xué)。為了學(xué)會共同生活，我們可以多了解他人、了解他人的歷史、傳統(tǒng)和精神價(jià)值，在此基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造一種新的精神，這種精神會激勵(lì)人們參與共同的項(xiàng)目或者用明智、和平的方式化解不可避免的沖突。同時(shí)，我們也不應(yīng)該忽視教育的另外三個(gè)支柱，它們可以說是學(xué)會共同生活的基本要素。第一是學(xué)會認(rèn)知。隨著科學(xué)進(jìn)步所帶來的迅速變革，人類必須重視以下兩個(gè)方面的結(jié)合：一是相當(dāng)廣泛的普通教育；二是就少量精選的學(xué)科進(jìn)行深入研究的可能性。因此，學(xué)會認(rèn)知就意味著學(xué)會如何學(xué)習(xí)。由于知識涉及到方方面面，試圖想什么都知道，這愈來愈做不到。事實(shí)上，在基礎(chǔ)教育階段之后，想成為多門學(xué)科的專家就成了不切實(shí)際的幻想。今天，一個(gè)真正受到良好教育的人需要接受廣泛的通識教育，同時(shí)有機(jī)會深入地研究少量的學(xué)科。通識教育使學(xué)生有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)其他語言、熟悉其他學(xué)科，首先而且尤為重要的是，通識教育提供了與他人交流的手段。這種通識教育可以說是接受終身教育的通行證，因?yàn)樗谷藢K身學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣并為其奠定了基礎(chǔ)。另外一個(gè)支柱是學(xué)會做事。這和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)密不可分：我們?nèi)绾问菇逃臀磥硐噙m應(yīng)、使人們有能力做好未來所需要的工作？這里我們應(yīng)該將以雇傭勞動為主的工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)同以個(gè)體經(jīng)營或臨時(shí)工為主的其他類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)別開來。工業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來取決于它們能否把知識的進(jìn)步轉(zhuǎn)化為革新，從而開創(chuàng)新企業(yè)、創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會。除了學(xué)習(xí)從事一種職業(yè)外，學(xué)會做事也指獲得一種能力，這種能力使一個(gè)人能夠應(yīng)付各種各樣的情況，而且能夠參與集體勞動。如果在校的中小學(xué)生和大學(xué)生都有機(jī)會參加一些以獲取工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)為目標(biāo)的培訓(xùn)活動或社會福利工作，以此來實(shí)踐和鍛煉自己的能力，以上所說的能力和技能在許多情況下是比較容易獲得的.最后但同樣重要的是第四個(gè)支柱：學(xué)會生存。在二十一世紀(jì)，人人都需要發(fā)揮更強(qiáng)的自主能力和判斷能力；每個(gè)人都要對共同目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)懷有更強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感。教育應(yīng)當(dāng)促進(jìn)每個(gè)人的全面發(fā)展，即身心、智力、敏銳性、審美情趣以及精神的升華等方面的發(fā)展。每個(gè)人在青少年時(shí)代接受的教育應(yīng)該使他們形成一種獨(dú)立自主的、富有批判精神的思維方式和判斷力。只有這樣，他們才能夠在人生不同的情況下自己確定最應(yīng)該做的事情。蘊(yùn)藏在每個(gè)人身上的像寶藏一樣的才能都必須發(fā)揮出來，例如記憶力、推理能力、想象力、體能、審美意識、與他人交流的能力以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者天生的領(lǐng)袖魅力。這再次證明一個(gè)人需要對自己有更深入的了解。我們要在二十一世紀(jì)建立以獲取、更新和利用知識為基礎(chǔ)的教育社會。由于“信息社會”不斷發(fā)展，人們接觸數(shù)據(jù)和事實(shí)的機(jī)會大增，教育應(yīng)該使每個(gè)人都能收集種種信息，并能篩選、整理、管理和使用這些信息。面對這種對教育越來越多、越來越高的要求，怎樣才能使教育政策實(shí)現(xiàn)既提高教育質(zhì)量又體現(xiàn)教育公正這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)呢？這是我們應(yīng)該解決的問題，其中涉及課程設(shè)置、教學(xué)方法和內(nèi)容、以及提高教學(xué)效果應(yīng)必備的條件。教育的這四個(gè)支柱不能只涉及一個(gè)人一生中的某個(gè)階段或單純某個(gè)方面。我們有必要重新思考：人的一生什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該獲得教育？所受的教育應(yīng)該覆蓋哪些領(lǐng)域？教育的各個(gè)階段和領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該相互補(bǔ)充，相互關(guān)聯(lián)，從而使每個(gè)人在一生中都能夠充分利用自己擁有的獨(dú)特的教育環(huán)境。Wordin store (for) about to happen 將要發(fā)生，就要出現(xiàn) 1. When he first arrived in the US, Eric did not know what the future held in store for him.2. What did the future hold in store for the 13-year-old girl who ran away from home? Indispensable indispensbl a. (to) too important or too useful to be without 常與to連用 必需的，必不可少的1. The skills she acquired in the training courses have proved indispensable to her career. 2. A computer is an indispensable piece of equipment for any office in the information era.Asset set n. the property of a person, company, etc., esp. that has value and that may be sold to pay a debt 資產(chǎn)，財(cái)產(chǎn)Justice dstis n. U the quality of being just; fairness 正義；公正；合理（性）to this end to help achieve this aim or purpose 為達(dá)到此目的1. Every child in the rural area must be educated. To this end, several programs are being carried out. 2. He hopes to change his fate through education. To this end, he is working hard for the college entrance examination.Global glubl a. of or concerning the whole world 全球的；全世界的1. Its not a problem of an individual country. On the contrary, its a global one.2. If only I could afford global travel; Im keen to see the whole world.Modernity md:nti n. 現(xiàn)代性；現(xiàn)代事物turn ones back on upon avoid or refuse to help, esp. unfairly or unkindly 不理睬；拒絕幫助1. Laura turned her back on David when she found out that he was a dishonest guy.2. Dont turn your back on me Im talking to you!cry out forno pass. be in great need of; demand urgently 無被動語態(tài)極其（迫切）需要1. With her parents busy with work from dawn to dusk, the little girl was crying out for love. 2. The judge said that this sort of crime cries out for a severe punishment.call for demand; need or deserve 要求；需要；值得1. The relatives of the dead man are calling for an immediate inquiry into the matter.2. Its the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration. Concerted kns:tid a. planned or done together by agreement; combined 商定的；一致的；協(xié)同完成的Negotiate niguieit v. 1) (with; for) talk with another person or group in order to try to come to an agreement or settle an argument 常與with或for連用 談判，協(xié)商2) (with) produce (an agreement) or settle ( a piece of business) in this way 常與with連用 議定，商定1. The strike was caused by the managements refusal to negotiate with the unions (工會).2. The government has decided to negotiate with the opposition party (反對黨) on the new tax law.1. Union leaders have negotiated an agreement on a shorter working week.2. Ive managed to negotiate a five per cent pay increase with my boss after several discussions with him.Reform rif:m n. C; U (a) change made, esp. to a system or organization, that is intended to improve it, remove unfairness, etc. 改革，革新，改進(jìn)，改良Equality i:kwlti n. U the state of being equal 平等，同等Reconcile reknsail v. 1) (with) find agreement between (two ideas, situations, etc., that seem to be in opposition) 常與with連用 調(diào)和；調(diào)解；使與一致2) bring back friendly relations between; make friendly again 使和解；使恢復(fù)友好關(guān)系1. I wonder how you would reconcile your political principles with your religious belief.2. Its sometimes difficult to reconcile what one says with what one does.1. Although they are prepared to be reconciled with one another, neither is prepared to make the first move.2. The couple was completely reconciled after the husband made a sincere apology.in accordance with k:dns in a way that fulfils or agrees with 按照，依照；與一致1. In accordance with what has been agreed, we have paid them $12,000 for the service.2. In accordance with the local residents request, more policemen are on the beat at night now. Emphasis emfsis n. (pl. emphases emfsi:z) C; U (on, upon) special force or attention given to sth. to show that it is particularly important 常與on或upon連用（對事物、重要性等的）強(qiáng)調(diào)；（事實(shí)等的）重點(diǎn)，重要性1. Our English course places great emphasis on both listening and speaking skills.2. I , he said with great emphasis, was the one who broke the window. diversitydaiv:sti n. U (of) the condition of being different or having differences; variety 常與of連用 差異；多樣性 Interdependence intdipendns n. interdependent intdipendnt a. depending on each other; necessary to each other 互相依賴的，互相需要的 two-pronged tu:prd a. 從兩方面的，雙管齊下的lend itself to rather fml (of a thing) be suitable for 較正式（東西）對有用，適用于1. None of her books really lends itself to being made into a movie. 2. We learned how to handle the problems which do not lend themselves to simple solutions. Implement implimnt vt. carry out or put into practice 實(shí)施；執(zhí)行，貫徹1. The current tax system has existed for years; a new one will be implemented next year.2. The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions.as it were as one might say 可以說是，換句話說bring about cause to happen 導(dǎo)致；帶來1. How can we bring about a change in their attitude towards AIDs sufferers? 2. Many possible factors have brought about changes in the weather; the greenhouse effect (溫室效應(yīng)) is an important one.Combine kmbain v. (with) join together; unite 常與with連用（使）聯(lián)合；（使）結(jié)合1. None of us has much money. But if we combine what weve got, itll make a difference. 2. She has managed to combine her career with her family life. in-depth a. usually before noun very thorough and detailed 常出現(xiàn)在名詞前深入的，徹底的They eventually worked out a solution to the problem after making an in-depth study of it.Multiple mltipl a. no comp. including many different parts, types, etc. 無比較級多樣的，多重的Pointless a. often derog meaningless; useless 常貶無意義的；無用的Specialist spelist n. (in) a person who has special interests or skills in a limited field of work or study 常與in連用 專家，行家Illusion ilju:n n. a false idea, esp. about oneself 幻想，錯(cuò)誤觀念；錯(cuò)覺1. Its an illusion to think that our company is doing well. In fact its facing a financial crisis.2. Credit (賒購貨物) creates the illusion that you can own things without paying for them. in depth going beneath the surface appearance of things; done with great thoroughness 深入（地），徹底（地）1. We should study the situation in depth, that is, to do it with great thoroughness.2. Well discuss his proposal in depth before we can decide whether to accept it or not. Pointless a. often derog meaningless; useless 常貶無意義的；無用的so to speak infml as one might say; rather 非正式可謂，可以說，簡直是1. She is as accurate as a Swiss watch, so to speak.2. The boy is, so to speak, the little king of the family.Passport p:sp:t n. (to) a small official book given by a government to a citizen, which proves who that person is and allows them to leave their country and enter foreign countries; sth., such as a quality or possession, that makes it possible for a person to do or get sth. desirable 常與to連用 護(hù)照；（獲取某物的）手段 lay the foundation(s) forprovide the conditions that will make it possible for sth. to be successful 為奠定基礎(chǔ)1. He is always keen to observe animals, which has laid the foundation for his career in biology.2. This agreement laid a sound foundation for future cooperation between the two countries.Associate suieit v. (with) join (people or things) together; connect (ideas, etc.) in ones mind 常與with連用 將（人或事物）聯(lián)系起來；在頭腦中聯(lián)想（注意等）1. He wishes to forget everything associated with his former life.2. A lot of evidence proved that he had never associated with the criminal.Occupational kjupeinl a. of, about, or caused by ones job 職業(yè)的Equip ikwip vt. 1) (for) make able, fit, or prepared 常與for連用 使有能力，使勝任，使有準(zhǔn)備 2) provide with what is necessary for doing sth. 裝備，配備1. Her school training has equipped her for her present position in our company.2. Not being a specialist in the subject, I am not well-equipped to answer such questions. 1. He was well equipped for the trip: bread, water, warm clothes, etc.2. The hotel rooms vary in size and are equipped with hairdryers, televisions and telephones.distinctiondistikn n. C; U (between) the fact of being distinct; clear difference 常與between連用區(qū)別，明顯差別；特性 draw a distinction between point out differences between 指出之間的不同1. Can you draw a distinction betw