翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2010.11公選+Chapter+1_+Unit+3.+.ppt

ChapterOneUnit3 翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和原則CriteriaandPrinciplesofTranslation Theso callprinciplesandcriteriaoftranslationareactuallythetwosidesofthesamething Theformerlaysemphasisonthetranslator whoshouldfollowthemwhiletranslating whilethelatteronthereaderorcritic whomayusethecriteriatoevaluatetranslationworks SomeofthecriteriaproposedbyscholarsinChina 1 支謙 EasternHan 佛言 依其義不用飾 取其法不以嚴(yán) 其傳經(jīng)者 當(dāng)令易曉 勿失厥義 是則為善 2 道安 EasternJin 314 385 warnedtranslatorsonguardagainst五失本 fivewaysoflosingtheoriginalessenceintranslation Thefivelossesare 1 unnecessaryreversionofwordorder 2 addeddescription whichdoesnotexistintheoriginal 3 cuttingofrepeatedwording necessaryasreligiousscripturesforprayers 4 omissionofrepetitionofcertainconclusivemessages 5 cuttingofcontentsrepeatedasintroductiontoanewtopic 3 玄奘 TangDynasty600 664 1 既須求真 又須喻俗 Tobebothtrueandcoherent or mustbebothtruthfulandintelligibletothepopulace 2 五不翻 4 馬建忠 1845 1900 inresponsetothecontemporaryabuseintranslation broughtforththeprincipleof 善譯 MaJianzhongwrotethefirstChinesegrammarbook 馬氏文通 MaJian zhong anexpertoftranslationattheendoftheQingDynastyinChina wroteabookentitledASuggestionofSettingUpaTranslatingAcademy 擬設(shè)翻譯書院議 andhepointedout ifyoutakeabook you llhavetoreaditoverandoversoastograspitsspiritualEssence trytofigureoutitsstyleandunderstanditsmoodandtranslateitwithgreatfacility andthetranslatedtextmustbeexactlyliketheoriginalonewithouttheslightesterror andthereaderscangetasmuchfromthetranslatedtextasfromtheoriginalone onlysuchtranslationcanbecalledthefirst classtranslation 所有相當(dāng)之實(shí)義 委屈推究 務(wù)審其音聲之高下 析其字句之繁簡(jiǎn) 盡其文體之變態(tài) 及其義理精深?yuàn)W折之所由然 夫如是 則一書到手 經(jīng)營(yíng)反復(fù) 確知其意旨之所在 而又摹寫其神情 仿佛其語(yǔ)氣 然后心悟神解 振筆而書 譯成之文 適如其所譯而止 而曾無(wú)毫發(fā)出入于其間 夫而后 能使閱者所得之益 與觀原文無(wú)異 是則為善譯也矣 一書到手經(jīng)營(yíng)反復(fù) comprehension 知其意旨 摹寫神情 語(yǔ)氣 心悟神解 spirit 振筆而書 譯成之文 適如其所譯而止 無(wú)毫發(fā)出入其間 accuracy 夫而后能使讀者所得之益 與觀原文無(wú)異 則為善譯 equivalentresponse MaJianzhongexplainedhisstandardofa goodtranslation Whenthetranslatorhasabooktotranslate heneedstoreaditoverandoveragainuntilheissureofwhatitisintendedtomean tryingtocaptureitsspiritandimitateitstone Thenheputsitinanotherlanguageasheunderstandsit Thus thetranslatedtextissimilartotheoriginalwithoutanydifferencebetweenthem Thereaderofthetranslationbenefitsfromitalmostthesameasthereaderdoesfromtheoriginal Atranslationuptothatisagoodtranslation 5 嚴(yán)復(fù) 854 1921 FaithfulnessExpressivenessElegance 譯事三難 信 達(dá) 雅 求其信 已大難矣 顧信矣不達(dá) 雖譯尤不譯也 則達(dá)尚焉 譯文1 Translationhastodowiththreedifficultthings tobefaithful expressiveness andelegance Itisdifficultenoughtobefaithfultotheoriginal andyetifatranslationisnotexpressive itistantamounttohavingnotranslation Henceexpressivenessshouldberequiredtoo 譯文2 Intranslation therearethreeaspectsdifficulttobringabout fidelity faithfulness smoothness fluencyandelegance Itisnoeasyworktorealize fidelity faithfulness Ifthereisonlyfidelity faithfulnesswithoutsmoothness fluency thetranslationdoesn tamounttotranslation Fromherewecanseefluency smoothnessisofgreatimportance 易曰修辭立誠(chéng) 子曰辭達(dá)而已 又曰言之無(wú)文 行之不遠(yuǎn) 三者乃文章正軌 亦即為譯事楷模 故信達(dá)而外 求其爾雅 嚴(yán)復(fù) 天演論序言 譯文 TheBookofChangessaysthatfirstrequisiteofrhetoricistruthfulness Confuciussaysthatexpressivenessisallthatmattersinlanguage Headdsthatifone slanguagelacksgrace itwon tgofar Thesethreequalitiesthenarethecriterionofgoodwritingand Ibelieve ofgoodtranslationtoo HencebesidesfaithfulnessandexpressivenessIalsoaimatelegance SomepeoplecompareYanFuwithAlexanderF Tytler andtheysaidthattheformer sthreetranslatingstandardsofthreeChinesecharactersandthelatter sthreeprinciplesoftranslatingarethesameinessence theonlydifferenceisthatbothofthemuseddifferentlanguagesofdifferentculturalfeaturesandcharacteristics Fidelity referstofaithfulnessorloyalty Fluency referstothequalityofbeingfluentand elegance referstograceorgoodtaste Fidelity faithfulness isequivalentto givingacompletetranscriptionoftheideasoftheoriginalwork fluency expressiveness isequivalentto havetheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition and elegance isequivalentto thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal 1 Faithfulness 信 meansthatthetranslatedtextshouldbefaithfultotheoriginaltext 準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容 e g 1 Mywork myfamily myfriendsweremorethanenoughtofillmytime 原譯 我干工作 我做家務(wù) 我有朋友往來(lái) 這些占用了我的全部時(shí)間 e g 1 Mywork myfamily myfriendsweremorethanenoughtofillmytime 改譯 我要工作 要做家務(wù) 要與朋友往來(lái) 這些事用全部時(shí)間應(yīng)付還不夠 2 Expressiveness 達(dá) meansthatthetranslatedtextshouldbeexpressiveandcoherentwithoutanythingawkward Thetranslatedtextshouldbeinaccordancewiththelanguagerulesofthetargetlanguage Itdemandsthattheversionmustbeclearandflowingwithoutanygrammaticalmistakesorconfusedlogicandsense 譯文語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該通俗明白 通順易懂 沒有文理不通 結(jié)構(gòu)混亂 邏輯不清的現(xiàn)象 e g 1 Mr BegquicklyreturnedtohisofficeandfiledanurgentstorytohisnewspaperinLondon littlerealizingthathewasabouttobecomepartofanewjournalisticlegendonFleetStreet 原譯 貝格連滿趕回辦公室 向倫敦報(bào)社發(fā)表了一條急電 沒有想到他自己就要成為倫敦新聞界最新的新聞傳說(shuō)的一部分 e g 1 Mr BegquicklyreturnedtohisofficeandfiledanurgentstorytohisnewspaperinLondon littlerealizingthathewasabouttobecomepartofanewjournalisticlegendonFleetStreet 改譯 貝格連滿趕回辦公室 向倫敦報(bào)社發(fā)表了一條急電 沒有想到這件事后來(lái)在艦隊(duì)街傳為新聞界的美談 3 Elegance Requiresatranslationtobeestheticallypleasing Itdemandsthatthetranslatedtextshouldbeexquisiteandthatitsstyleoughttobeverygraceful ManyscholarsinChinaapproveofhisfaithfulnessandexpressiveness butargueagainsthiselegance e g Thisflatflourishing easycountrynevercouldhavelookedmorerichandprosperous thaninthatopeningsummerof1815 whenitsgreenfieldsandquietcitieswereenlivenedbymultipliedred coats 原譯 這個(gè)平坦的旺盛的生活不困難的國(guó)家看起來(lái)從來(lái)沒有比1815年的夏季的開端更富裕和興旺 當(dāng)時(shí)它的綠色的田地和安靜的城市都被人數(shù)眾多的傳紅衣服的人弄得活躍起來(lái) e g Thisflatflourishing easycountrynevercouldhavelookedmorerichandprosperous thaninthatopeningsummerof1815 whenitsgreenfieldsandquietcitieswereenlivenedbymultipliedred coats 改譯 1815年初夏 這平坦 舒適的國(guó)家真是空前的繁榮富庶 蒼翠的平原和安靜的城市里全是穿紅衣的軍人 頓時(shí)顯得熱鬧起來(lái) e g It suptomynecktoyourbullshit 原文是美國(guó)大兵的粗話 原譯 你把我害得好苦啊 改譯 你讓我倒了八輩子邪霉了 E g IkeptitfromherarterIheardonit saidMr Peggotty goingonnightayear Wewaslivingtheninasolitaryplace butamongthebeautifullesttrees andwiththerosesa coveringourBein totheroof DavidCopperfield CharlesDickens Mr Peggotty 沒有文化 說(shuō)話不規(guī)范用詞和句法錯(cuò)誤百出 該句的意思為 IkeptitfromherafterIheardofit saidMr Peggotty fornearlyayear Wewerelivingtheninasolitaryplaceamongbeautifultrees withrosescoveringtheroofofthehouse 原譯 我聽到那消息以后 皮果提先生說(shuō)道 瞞著她差不多快一年了 我們當(dāng)時(shí)住在一個(gè)僻靜的地方 周圍有十分美麗的樹 屋頂上有薔薇花 盡管通順 但不忠實(shí)于原作語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格不能再現(xiàn)皮果提的口吻和神態(tài) 改譯 起那時(shí)俺聽了消息后 辟果提說(shuō) 瞞著她快一年了 俺們那時(shí)呆的地方挺背 前后八方的樹林子說(shuō)不出的最漂亮 屋頂盡是薔薇花 6 魯迅 寧信而毋順 譯作 力求其易解 并 保持著原作的豐姿 凡是翻譯 必須兼顧兩面 一當(dāng)然力求易解 一則保存原作的風(fēng)姿 keepthefullflavoroftheoriginalwork Whilingstickingtohisprinciple rathertobefaithfulinthoughtthansmoothinthelanguage LuXunadvocatedthat atranslationmusthavebothintelligibilityandthestyleoftheoriginaltext 7 林語(yǔ)堂 忠實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 通順標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) faithfulness fluency andbeautifulnessoraestheticquality 翻譯是一種藝術(shù) 翻譯的藝術(shù)所依賴的 第一是譯者對(duì)于原文文字上及內(nèi)容上的透徹的了解 第二是譯者有相當(dāng)?shù)膰?guó)文程度 能寫清晰暢達(dá)的中文 第三是譯事上的訓(xùn)練 譯者對(duì)于翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問題有相當(dāng)?shù)囊娊?譯者不但要求達(dá)意 并且要以傳神為目的 譯文必須忠實(shí)于原文之字神句氣與言外之意 ThoughinLin sopinion hiscriterionof aestheticquality coversmorethanYan s elegance it sself evidentthatbothsetsofcriteriaemphasizeatranslator sthree levelresponsibility 1 amatterofresponsibilityfortheoriginalauthor 2 amatterofresponsibilityforChinesereaders 3 amatterofresponsibilityforthetranslatedtext 8 傅雷 神似 thetransferoftheoriginalspirit spiritualresemblancespiritualsimilarityorachievethespiritoftheoriginal 以效果而論 翻譯應(yīng)像臨畫一樣 所求的不在形似 而是神似 Hesaid Astotheeffect translationoughttobelikeimitatingapicture theultimateaimliesintheresemblanceinspiritratherthanthatinappearance 以效果而論 翻譯應(yīng)當(dāng)像臨畫一樣 所求的不在形似而神似 以實(shí)際工作而論 翻譯比臨畫更難 臨畫與原畫 素材相同 顏色 畫布 或絹 法則相同 色彩學(xué) 解剖學(xué) 透視學(xué) 譯本與原作 文字既不侔 規(guī)則又大異 各種文字各有特色 各有無(wú)可模仿優(yōu)點(diǎn) 各有無(wú)法補(bǔ)救的缺陷 同時(shí)又各有不能侵犯的戒律 像英 法 德那樣接近的語(yǔ)言 尚且有許多難以互譯的地方 中西文字的桿路遠(yuǎn)過于此 要求傳神達(dá)意 銖 悉稱 自非死抓字典 按照原文句法拚湊堆砌所能濟(jì)事 ThisisFuLei sfamous theoryonbeingalikeinspirit or similarityinspirit whichhasgivenavividdescriptionandaclosemetaphoroftranslation Thenhowtoputitintoeffect Fuadds Tostriveforresemblanceinspirit notinappearance thetranslatormustwritepureChinese notsomethingstiffandawkward butalanguagewhichcanbereadharmoniouslyinarhythmandtempoakintotheoriginal 任何作品 不精讀四 五遍決不動(dòng)筆 是為譯事基本法們 第一要將原作 連同思想 感情 氣氛 情調(diào)等等 化為我有 方能談到迻譯 9 錢鐘書 化境MrQianhascreatedhis theoryofsublimation heexpoundedthatthehigheststandardofliterarytranslationis Hua 化 digestion whenatranslatorconvertsalanguageintoanotherone hisorherversioncancompletelykeeptheoriginalflavouraswellasshowsnosignsofstiffword for wordtranslationbecauseoftheconventionaldifferentiationoflanguageandculture MrQian stheoryemphasizesthatversionsthatarefaithfultotheoriginaltextsdon treadlikethetranslatedtexts fortheoriginaltextsthemselvesdon texistintheformofthetranslatedtexts butheadmittedthat thewhollycomplete Hua digestionorsublimation isonlyanimpracticalideal AndnowMrQian stranslationtheoryhasbeenacceptedasanothertheoreticalstandardtoevaluatewhetherthetranslationisofhighqualityornot 文學(xué)翻譯的最高理想可以說(shuō)是 化 把作品從一國(guó)文字轉(zhuǎn)變成另一國(guó)文字 既不能因語(yǔ)文習(xí)慣的差異而露出生硬牽強(qiáng)的痕跡 又能完全保存原作的風(fēng)味 那就算得入于 化境 譯文 Thehigheststandardofliterarytranslationis transmigration Ontheonehand thereshouldbenotraceofunnaturalnessandstiffnessoflanguageresultingfromthedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagesand ontheother theflavoroftheoriginalisretained QianborrowedtheBuddhistterm transmigration 脫胎換骨 toillustratehisviewtowardsliterarytranslation duringthecourseofwhichthesoulofthespiritoftheoriginalremainsinthetargettesteventhoughitscarrier thelanguage hasbeenchanged Thisrequirement infact issohighthatQianoncehadtoadmitthatperfecttransmigrationoftheoriginaltextintothetargetonewasjustanidealtostrivefor 10 呂叔湘 參考教材 11 劉重德 信 達(dá) 切 劉老認(rèn)為 嚴(yán)復(fù)的 信達(dá) 兩字仍可沿用 而 雅 字應(yīng)改用 切 字 這是因?yàn)?雅 字實(shí)際上只不過是風(fēng)格中的一種 和 雅 相對(duì)立的 就有所謂 粗獷 或 豪放 粗獷 和 文雅 顯而易見是迥然不同的兩種文體 因此 翻譯起來(lái)不能一律要 雅 應(yīng)該實(shí)事求是 酌情處理 恰如其分 切合原文風(fēng)格 切 指的就是要切合原文風(fēng)格 適用于各種不同的風(fēng)格 12 金媞 參考教材 13 許淵沖 提出了詩(shī)歌翻譯的 三美 音美 形美 意美 和 三化 等化 淡化 深化 原則 許淵沖 意美 音美 形美等化 淺化 深化知之 好之 樂之 1 詩(shī)詞翻譯的 三美 論 意美 音美 形美 2 文學(xué)翻譯的 三似新論 形似 意似 神似 3 詩(shī)詞翻譯的 三化論 等化 淺化 深化 4 詩(shī)詞翻譯的 三之 論 知之 好之 樂之 許淵沖的 譯經(jīng) 譯可譯 非常譯 忘其形 得其意 得意 理解之初 忘形 表達(dá)之母 故應(yīng)得意 以求其同 故可忘形 以存其異 兩者同出 異名同謂 得意忘形 求同存異 翻譯之門 許淵沖賀楊振寧新婚雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)句 振寧不老松 揚(yáng)帆為小翁 歲寒情更熱 花好駐春風(fēng) 振寧不老松 揚(yáng)帆為小翁 歲寒情更熱 花好駐春風(fēng) 譯文 Theagelesswon tgrowold Yousailwithyouryoungbride Lovewillwarmwintercold Springwilleverabide 14 辜正坤 翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)多元互補(bǔ)論15 譚載喜 提出翻譯的 東張西望 法和譯學(xué)內(nèi)容的 瞻前顧后 法 東張 即發(fā)揮自身的語(yǔ)言優(yōu)勢(shì) 做到譯文的 信達(dá)貼 信達(dá)切 神似 化境 西望 則是借鑒西方譯論 立足分析 注重理論 放眼系統(tǒng) 瞻前 放開思路 大膽開拓 顧后 繼承傳統(tǒng) 推陳出新 SomeofthecriteriaproposedbyWesternscholars 1 EtienneDolet多雷 1509 1546 1 Thetranslatorsshouldunderstandperfectlythesenseandintensionoftheauthorheistranslating 2 Thetranslatorshouldhavenotonlyperfectknowledgeofthelanguageoftheauthorheistranslatingbutalsothesameexcellenceinthelanguageintowhichheisgoingtotranslate i e thetranslatorshouldknowtheSLandTLtoperfection 3 Thetranslatorshouldavoidrenderingwordforword 4 Thetranslatorshouldemploywordsthatareincommonuse 5 Thetranslatorshouldlinkandorderwordswithsweetnesssoastoproducethestyle 2 GeorgeCambel 喬治 坎貝爾 翻譯三原則Agoodtranslatoris 1 Togiveajustrepresentationofthesenseoftheoriginal 2 Toconveyintohisversion asmuchaspossible inaconsistencywiththegeniusofthelanguagewithwhichhewrites theauthor sspiritandmanners 3 Totakecarethattheversionhasatleastthequalityofanoriginalperformancesoastoappearnaturalandeasy 3 AlexanderFraserTytler 泰特勒 Inthehistoryofmoderntranslation thefirstrealwesternmonographontranslationtheory isthebookEssayonthePrinciplesofTranslatingwrittenbyafamousEnglishscholar theprofessorofEdinburghUniversity whosenameisAlexanderF Tytler andthetranslationtheoristbroughtupthethreeprinciplesoftranslationinthebookpublishedin1792 EssayonthePrinciplesofTranslation 1792 Agoodtranslation Thatinwhichthemeritoftheoriginalworkissocompletelytransfusedintoanotherlanguageastobeasdistinctlyapprehended andasstronglyfelt byanativeofthecountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongsasitisbythosewhospeakthelanguageoftheoriginalwork Threelawsoftranslation 1 Atranslatorshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork 譯文應(yīng)該完全傳達(dá)原文的思想 2 Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal 譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的一致 3 Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition 譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣流暢 4 Federov 費(fèi)道羅夫 Translationshouldgiveaversionwhichmaybereadwithasmuchpleasureastheoriginal andyetremainfaithfultoitsspirit senseandstyle 5 EugeneA Nida尤金 奈達(dá) dynamicequivalenceorfunctionalequivalence 動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等 功能對(duì)等 Dynamicorfunctionalequivalence isdefined intermsofthedegreetowhichthereceptorsofthemessageinthereceptorlanguagerespondtoitinsubstantiallythesamemannerasthereceptorsinthesourcelanguage Hisfunctionalequivalenceisdefinedasatranslationprinciple accordingtowhichthetranslatorseekstotranslatethemeaningoftheoriginalinsuchawaythatthetargetlanguagetextwordingwillproducethesameimpactonthetargettextaudienceastheoriginalwordingdoesuponthesourcetextaudience In TowardsaScienceofTranslating Nidaputforwardtheterm dynamicequivalence Nida 1964 159 Atranslationwhichattemptstoproduceadynamicratherthanaformalequivalenceisbasedupon theprincipleofequivalenteffect Insuchatranslationoneisnotsoconcernedwithmatchingthereceptor languagemessagewiththesource languagemessage butwiththedynamicrelationship thattherelationshipbetweenreceptorandmessageshouldbesubstaniallythesameasthatwhichexistedbetweentheoriginalreceptorsandthemessage Nidasaid Theolderfocusintranslatingwastheformofthemessage andtranslatorstoolparticulardelightinbeingabletoreproducestylisticspecialties e g rhythms rhymes playsonwords chiasmus parallelism andunusualgrammaticalstructures Thenewfocus however hasshiftedfromtheformofthemessagetotheresponseofthereceptor Therefore whatonemustdetermineistheresponseofthereceptortothetranslatedmessage Thisresponsemustthenbecomparedwiththewayinwhichtheoriginalreceptorspresumablyreactedtothemessagewhenitwasgiveninitsoriginalsetting Nida TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation P1 奈達(dá)的 動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等 論可以用一句話來(lái)表達(dá) 譯文讀者讀譯文所得到的反應(yīng) 影響和感受與原文讀者讀原文之所得大致相同 換言之 譯文對(duì)譯文接受者所起的作用 應(yīng)與原文對(duì)原文接受者所起的作用大體相同 6 紐馬克 文本中心論 參見教材P16 Inmoderntranslationcircle theprincipleof faithfulness 忠實(shí) andsmoothness 通順 iswellacknowledgedastranslationrulesfortranslatorstoabideby 1 Faithfulness requiresthatatranslationshouldbefaithfultothecontentandstyleoftheoriginal Faithfulnessisthefirstimportantprincipleoftranslation Translationisnotcreation Thetranslatoroughttoconveytheauthor sideasfaithfullyandexactly Hehasnorighttoalterthemeaningoftheoriginaltosuithisowntaste 忠實(shí)首先指忠實(shí)于原作內(nèi)容 譯者必須把原作的內(nèi)容完整而準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來(lái) 不得有任何纂改 歪曲 遺漏閹割或任意增刪的現(xiàn)象 忠實(shí)還指保持原作風(fēng)格即原作的民族風(fēng)格 時(shí)代風(fēng)格 語(yǔ)體風(fēng)格 作者個(gè)人風(fēng)格等 要完全做到這些 實(shí)非易事 但作為基本要求 可先掌握口語(yǔ)體和筆語(yǔ)體的不同特點(diǎn)及其對(duì)翻譯的要求 掌握各種文體的不同特點(diǎn)及其對(duì)翻譯的要求 E g 1 Janedoesnotworkhardbecauseshewantstoearnmoney 誤譯 因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)想賺錢 所以才不下力 改譯 簡(jiǎn)不是因?yàn)橄胭嶅X才下力干的 E g 2 Thepresidentstandsthere hatinhand beggingcongressfortheirvotes 誤譯 總統(tǒng)站在那里手里拿著禮帽 乞求國(guó)會(huì)投他的票 改譯 總統(tǒng)立在那里 畢恭畢敬地請(qǐng)求國(guó)會(huì)議員投贊成票 2 Smoothness requiresthatatranslationshouldbeasexpressiveandnaturalastheoriginal Havingachievedhisfaithfulnesstothecontentoftheoriginal thetranslatormustaimatmakinghistranslationasexpressiveandnaturalastheoriginal Weshouldnotsacrificesomeofthecontenttomakeourtranslationsmooth norshouldwesticktotheprincipleof faithfulness thereforemakingourtranslationunreadablesomewhere Wemustlearntounifythetwoprinciplesinourtranslationpractice 所謂通順 即指譯文語(yǔ)言必須通順易懂 符合規(guī)范 譯文必須是明白流暢的現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ) 沒有文理不通 晦澀難懂等現(xiàn)象 例如 E g 1 Youjustkeepyourhaironandlistentome 譯文 1 你必須保持頭發(fā)在上 并聽我說(shuō) 2 汝勿怒 聽吾曰 3 你別激動(dòng) 好好聽我說(shuō) 上面第一句譯文 不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣 第二句譯文 雖說(shuō)意思正確 語(yǔ)言也通順 但它不是現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言 只有第三句譯文 才符合漢語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣 E g 2 AkissplantedontheforeheadofayoungIraniandirectorbyawell knownactresshaslandedthepairincourtandsparkedheatedprotestsintheIslamicRepublicoverphysicalcontactbetweenthesexes 原譯 一位年輕的伊朗導(dǎo)演被一位知名的女演員在額頭上親吻了一下 而雙雙進(jìn)入法庭 因而在不同性別之間