時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué).doc

時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(一)時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Around two oclock every night, Sue _. It somewhat bothers us.(2013湖南高考) 每晚兩點(diǎn)左右，休就開(kāi)始說(shuō)夢(mèng)話。這使我們有點(diǎn)煩心。I learned that_when I_.我上小學(xué)時(shí)就知道了地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。_, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。_. 公共汽車來(lái)了。1主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的_和_；表示_或_的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。2表示_和_。3在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替_；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day；條件：if, unless, provided, so/as long as。4用于here, there開(kāi)頭的倒裝句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示_或_。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)Could you please repeat your address? I_.你能不能再重復(fù)一下你的地址？我沒(méi)聽(tīng)清。Long time no see! _?Yes. I _in Nanjing.好久不見(jiàn)！你大學(xué)畢業(yè)了嗎？畢業(yè)了，我在南京學(xué)了四年英語(yǔ)。I always got up late, and never_.我總是起床很晚，從來(lái)沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間吃早飯。I _ when I got home, and I _.(2013重慶高考) 我到家的時(shí)候感到非常累，就直接上床睡覺(jué)了。1表示_或_。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。2表示_。3表示_、_。4在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示_。三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs Crawford. “Oh, I _，” said the boy, with a smile.(2013湖南高考)“你想成為什么樣的人？”克勞福德夫人問(wèn)?！芭?，我要當(dāng)總統(tǒng)?！毙∧泻⑿χf(shuō)。Do you know Mr. Smith _?No. I _.你知道史密斯先生來(lái)我們鎮(zhèn)了嗎？不知道。我現(xiàn)在就去看他。Look at the dark clouds. _.看這烏云，要下雨了。Close the door of fear behind you, and_ of faith open before you.(2012湖南高考)關(guān)上你身后的恐懼之門(mén)，你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)信心之門(mén)在你面前敞開(kāi)。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.我們必須快點(diǎn)。第一節(jié)課將在8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。1將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成為will/shall/be going to動(dòng)詞原形。表示一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2will, shall表示將來(lái)，有時(shí)含_、_的意思。3“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”多用在口語(yǔ)中，表示“計(jì)劃、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to還可表示根據(jù)_。4“祈使句and/or句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語(yǔ)_。5某些動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示_，此種用法常常用于火車時(shí)刻、飛機(jī)時(shí)刻、電影開(kāi)演、作息安排等時(shí)刻表上。四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Hurry up, kids！The school bus_！(2013四川高考)孩子們，快點(diǎn)！校車在等我們！I dont really work here; I a_ until the new secretary arrives.我不真正在這里上班，我只是來(lái)幫忙，直到新秘書(shū)來(lái)了(我就走)。“The moment _，” he _, waiting nervously.(2012湖南高考)“這一刻就要來(lái)到了，”他自思自忖，緊張地等待著。He _, which makes his teacher upset.他總是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，這使他的老師生氣。1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為am/is/aredoing。表示某階段_或_，雖然此時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行，常與these days, this week等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示_或_，這類動(dòng)詞主要有：go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do等。3表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，往往含有_、_、_等情緒，常與always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等連用。五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Jim_ a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.(2013陜西高考)吉姆正在家里看午夜電影，就在看到一個(gè)驚險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)面的時(shí)候，電視變得一片空白。The boy_when his father came back from work.當(dāng)那個(gè)男孩的父親下班回來(lái)時(shí)，他正在做作業(yè)。I _that day, but I had to phone and cancel.(2013江西高考)我打算那天晚些時(shí)候去看你，但是不得已打電話取消了。1過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為was/weredoing。表示_或_正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2表示運(yùn)動(dòng)和位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可以用_。這類動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)eave, start, arrive, go, come等。六、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning_.(2012遼寧高考)我覺(jué)得特別興奮！明天早晨這個(gè)時(shí)候我就要飛往上海了。The places of interest in Xian attract my family all the time, and I hope we _ourselves this time next year.(2014陜西五校模擬)西安的名勝古跡一直吸引著我們一家人，我希望明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候我們正玩得愉快。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為willbedoing。表示_。七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Have you heard about the recent election?Sure, it _for the last three days.(2013湖南高考)你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)近期的選舉嗎？當(dāng)然了，它是近來(lái)三天新聞中唯一的事情了。His first novel_ since it came out last month.(2011陜西高考)他的第一本小說(shuō)自從上個(gè)月出版之后就很受歡迎。_ since I came to this school.(2011湖南高考)這是自從我到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)所參加過(guò)的最有教育意義的講座。This is the first time that _.這是我們第一次面對(duì)這樣的問(wèn)題。1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為have/hasdone表示_或_剛剛完成或結(jié)束。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示時(shí)間的詞連用。2用于時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)要完成的動(dòng)作或一個(gè)動(dòng)作_。3在“It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting等)名詞從句”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用_。4在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third . timethat從句”中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we _.湯姆和我在2000年成為朋友，盡管在幾年前我們就見(jiàn)過(guò)面。I_ you, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本來(lái)打算去看你，但是來(lái)了一位不速之客。_ when the audience kept asking him questions.演講者一結(jié)束他的講話，觀眾就不停地向他提問(wèn)。By the time Jack returned home from England, his son_.(2011遼寧高考)杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。That was the second time that _ 這是她第二次看見(jiàn)她的祖父了。1過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為haddone。表示過(guò)去_，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“_”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(before, after, by, up till)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用。2動(dòng)詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示_。3在“hardly (scarcely). when ., no sooner . than .”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用_，從句用_，意思為“一就”。4by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句，主句用_。5表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用_。九、將來(lái)完成時(shí)By the time Mr. Smith arrives at the supermarket, we _ for one hour.(2014西安檢測(cè))等到史密斯先生到達(dá)超市時(shí)，我們將已經(jīng)在那里待一個(gè)小時(shí)了。By this time of next year, all of you_.到明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候，你們大家就都成為大學(xué)生了。將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成為willhavedone。主要表示某一動(dòng)作到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間完成，上下文情景中常含有by短語(yǔ)，如by six oclock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)_ how to improve the program since 9 am.(2012全國(guó)卷)自從上午9點(diǎn)經(jīng)理就一直告訴工人如何改善這一方案。_you can succeed for five years.五年來(lái)你一直在說(shuō)你能成功。Too much has been happening today. _。 1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為_(kāi)。表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)下去，常和for，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2表示_。3表示_。十一、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)When Alice came to, she did not know _.(2011全國(guó)卷)當(dāng)艾麗絲蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)的時(shí)候，她不知道自己已在那兒躺了多久。(表示lie這一動(dòng)作先于did not know，且lie這一動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行)She told me that she _for 5 years.她告訴我她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)5年了。(動(dòng)作仍繼續(xù))She told me that she_for an hour.她告訴我她已經(jīng)等我一個(gè)鐘頭了。(動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù))過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為hadbeendoing。主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間_。表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始并延續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間。這一動(dòng)作可能_。考點(diǎn)一 一般時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí))1(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)If we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.Ahadnt actedBhavent acted Cdont act Dwont act2(2013山東高考)I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good.Ahas been Bwas Chad been Dwould be3(2013安徽高考)Im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?Aadvertised Bhad advertised Care advertising Dwill advertise4(2013北京高考)Do you think Mom and Dad _ late?No, Swiss Air is usually on time.Awere Bwill be Cwould be Dhave been考點(diǎn)二 進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí))5(2013北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol _ us.Aexpect Bare expecting Chave expected Dwill expect6(2013湖南高考)I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry. But I _ my homework.Ahad done Bwas doing Cwould to Dam doing7(2013江蘇高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I _ a report at home.Awill be writing Bwill have written Chave written Dhave been writing考點(diǎn)三 完成時(shí)(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí))8(2013浙江高考)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.Awas increasing Bhas increased Chad increased Dwill be increasing9(2013遼寧高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very long time.Ahas had Bhad hadChas Dhad考點(diǎn)四 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))10(2013福建高考)The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.Atook Bis taking Ctakes Dhas been taking 解題技法指導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)主要由動(dòng)詞的形式?jīng)Q定，因此在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，要注意分析動(dòng)詞形式及具體語(yǔ)境。解題時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1把握各種時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，注意易混淆時(shí)態(tài)之間的差異。2準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)境意義，捕捉隱含的時(shí)間信息。3克服慣性思維，排除“假性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”的誤導(dǎo)。4注意巧變語(yǔ)境，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下步驟：第一步：定時(shí)做有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的試題首先要學(xué)會(huì)定“時(shí)”，即根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是_的。是_、_、還是_？第二步：定體定完時(shí)后，要學(xué)會(huì)定體。體分為：一般體、進(jìn)行體、完成體、完成進(jìn)行體。高考對(duì)進(jìn)行體的考查主要集中在以下幾點(diǎn)：動(dòng)作的_、_；表示_、_；表示_或_或_；表示_或_，往往含有_、_、_等情緒。典例(2013山東高考)Oh no! Were too late. The train _.Thats OK. Well catch the next train to London.Awas leaving Bhad left Chas left Dhas been leaving(二)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成The window is dirty.I know. It_.窗戶臟了。我知道。好幾周沒(méi)擦了。All the employees except the manager _.除了經(jīng)理以外所有的雇員都被鼓勵(lì)在家網(wǎng)上辦公。The number of deaths from heart disease _ if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.如果人們被說(shuō)服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心臟病的人數(shù)將大大減少。時(shí)體現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done進(jìn)行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done 點(diǎn)津“get過(guò)去分詞”表示_。二、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的用法_.她被證明既有耐心又很熱心。No matter how hard he tried, _.不管他怎么努力開(kāi)門(mén)，門(mén)就是打不開(kāi)。What about the books?_這些書(shū)怎么樣？這種書(shū)很暢銷。_ needs repairing/to be repaired.他祖母住的房子需要維修。1“系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成_。2表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的不及物動(dòng)詞，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主動(dòng)形式表示_。3動(dòng)詞want, need, require作“需要”講時(shí)，后接不定式的_或動(dòng)名詞的_意義相同。考點(diǎn)一 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1(2013遼寧高考)We are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.Ahad been improvedBwill be improved Cis improved Dwas improved2(2013北京高考)So what is the procedure?All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority.Ainterview Bare interviewing Care interviewed Dare being interviewed3(2013湖南高考)If nothing _， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.Adoes Bhad been done Cwill do Dis done4(2013北京高考)Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.Ahad been made Bwas made Chas been made Dwould be made考點(diǎn)二 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)5(2013重慶高考)A Midsummer Nights Dream _ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.Aopens Bis opened Cwill open Dwill be opened.單項(xiàng)填空1(2014安慶二中檢測(cè))Hi, Mr Smith. Which department do you work in?I am in the Marketing Department now, but I _ in the Sales Department before long.Aworked Bwill work Chave worked Dwill have worked2(2014蘇州模擬)As he approached the door, Mike looked into the room again to see if he _ anything behind.Aleft Bhad left Chas left Dwould leave3Why do you look so depressed?Im in pretty bad shape and I _ things.Ahave forgotten Bam forgetting Chad been forgetting Dwas forgetting4(2014南京第十三中學(xué)模擬)In the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.Ahad melted Bhas been melting Cmelted Dis melting5(2014蚌埠二中模擬)I_ in a foreign trade company for three years. Still, I dont regret giving up the job and living with my family.Aworked Bhave worked Chad worked Dhave been working6It is the sixth time that our government _ loan interest rates on purpose to cool housing prices.Ahas raised Bhad raised Cis raising Draised7David, are you listening to me?Sorry, Dad. I _to make sense of what the reporter said.Awas trying Bhave tried Cam trying Dtried8(2014南師大附中模擬)Mr Harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school.OK, I _ to that.Aam coming Bhave come Ccame Dcome9(2014江西九校二次聯(lián)考)Over the past month, Chinese cinema _ the great success of the lowbudget film Lost in Thailand.Awitnessed Bhas witnessed Cwould witness Dhad witnessed10(2014杭州一檢)I _ up to $5,000 by the time the new term begins in September.Ahave saved Bwill have saved Cwill be saving Dhad saved11(2014淮北模擬)When are you leaving for Chicago?As soon as we _ the project.Aare completing Bcompleted Cwill complete Dcomplete12(2014徐州一中月考)She is a wellknown doctor now, but she _ as a cleaner at the hospital for five years.Ahas worked Bworked Chad worked Dworks13(2014鄭州第三次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Linda, the phone in your office cant be connected all the time. Why?Oh, sorry, Miss Miles. The service _ since last Wednesday.Ahas been stopped Bhas stopped Cwas stopped Dhad stopped14(2014東北師大附中摸底)Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _ to ten Hope Schools in South China.Awere sent Bwas sent Chave sent Dhad been sent15(2014南通質(zhì)檢)I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.Ahave told; washes Bwas told; washed Chave been told; washes Dhave been told; is washed.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(2014太原模擬)Mr White didnt come last night, did he?No, we_ (wait) for him. A whole night was wasted.2(2014寶雞檢測(cè))By the time the girl comes back to life, scientists probably _ (discover) a cure for this incurable disease.3(2014鄭州檢測(cè))It is believed that many more popular terms _ (create) on the Internet this year.4(2014天津第一中學(xué)月考)This kind of glasses made in Shanghai _ (wear) comfortably.5(2014杭州二中檢測(cè))To our great relief, Jacks illness proved not to be as serious as we _(fear)2015年高考真題1.【2015北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated2.【2015北京】26.in the last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making3.【2015北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really. She_us clear directions and we were able to find it .easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give4.【2015北京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling5.【2015重慶】1. Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.changesB. changed C. was changing D. had changed6.【2015重慶】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been7.【2015浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was8.【2015天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reachD. will have reached9.【2015天津】6. Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teachB. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching10.【2015四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built11.【2015陜西】24. At college, Barack Obama didnt know that he the first black president of the United States of America.A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became 12.【2015陜西】22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks hell have finished it by Friday.A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked13.【2015福建】30.Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.wroteB. had writtenC. has been writing D. is writing14.【2015福建】26.To my delight, Ifrom hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A. was chosenB. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen15.【2015江蘇】30.The real reason why prices _ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been16.【2015安徽】29.It is reported that a space station _ on the moon in years to come.A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built17.【2015安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I _ my bank in the cafe.A. have leftB. had leftC would leaveD. was leaving18.【2015湖南】28.He must have sensed that I _ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quiet