對如何快速聽懂新聞英語的分析與探索_畢業(yè)論文.doc

安徽工程大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）Analysis and Exploration of the Way to Understand News English Quickly By Deng JingjingA thesis submitted to AHPU in partial fulfillment of therequirement for the degree of Bachelor of EnglishUnder the Supervision of LecturerZhao GuochunAnhui Polytechnic UniversityCONTENTSAbstract.3摘要.41. Introduction.51.1 Introduction of news.51.2 Definition of news English.5 2. Characteristics of news English.72.1 structure of news English.7 2.2 Vocabulary and tense.82.3 Long sentence.92.4 Background information102.5 Fast speed113. Barriers to understand news English .113.1 Pronunciation.113.2 Cultural barriers.123.3 Terms and slangs.133.4 Grammar.153.5 Psychological barriers.154. Approaches to understand news English.154.1 Lowering students anxiety.164.2 Enlarging vocabulary.174.3 Improving grammar.174.4 Broadening background information.184.5 Strengthening phonetics practice.184.6 Connecting listening with writing.194.7 Training more.194.8 Focusing on the centre, step-by-step process.215. Conclusion.22Acknowledgements.23Bibliography.24 Analysis and Exploration of the Way to Understand News English QuicklyAbstract With the great research results concluded by predecessors, the paper is trying to paraphrase the characteristics of news style and a summation of the trouble that people usually get in and a few accessible approaches to relief the listening problem are shown in the paper. The paper also provides a series of ways, from the perspective of subjective factors and objective factors, helping to exercise listening comprehension and increase learning efficiency for people who are eager to enhance English listening ability, and it will greatly increase the possibility to understand news English in a short time and students will pay more attention on the English learning. The paper is divided into six parts. Firstly, it is the introduction of news English. Secondly, it is the characteristics of the news English. Thirdly, the barriers to understand news will be showed in this part. The fourth part may be peoples focus, which is the skill of improving listening ability. Following is the conclusion part. And bibliography is going to be the last part. Later I will show the details of my paper.Key words: news English, barriers, ways, learning interest對如何快速聽懂新聞英語的分析與探索摘要該文在借助前人研究的基礎上,通過分析新聞語體的五大特征，總結出人們在聽新聞語體時經常遇到的困難,并就客觀因素與主觀因素提出一些解決問題的方法，有助于人們提高聽力理解能力和學習效率，在短時間內提高英語聽力水平，增加學習英語的興趣。該文主要分為五個部分，第一部分主要介紹新聞與新聞語體的定義以及兩者之間的區(qū)別與聯系。第二部分詳細闡述新聞語體的特色，主要包括五大類。第三部分主要分析聽新聞語體時遇到的一系列障礙。第四部分就前面遇到的障礙提出一些解決方案，幫助人們減少聽力障礙，增強學習信心。關鍵詞: 新聞語體, 困難, 方法, 學習興趣1. Introduction1.1 Introduction of the research News ,one of the most important ways through which people gain knowledge about what is going on in the world and around people, plays an important role in the learning of the English language. English news, a language variety which is totally different from daily communication, has its own particular feathers. It is easy to find that English is widely spoken in modern world. Obviously, what we need to do first is to understand peoples words as soon as possible when you are in the situation that English is spoken. Many related passages are written which offer a great deal of clues to learn news English. However, most of them are just involved in one aspect or two. Predecessors often pay much attention on introducing approaches to understand news English. Recently, according to the survey which shows that 78% of the students majoring in English find it is too difficult to understand News English. Mostly, they can not hear every word clearly, and can not get the meaning quickly, either. So, what my paper aims to is the exploration of ways to understand News English quickly.1.2 Definition of news English What is the definition of news English? Usually, peoples understanding is that news English is news, just a number of affairs which are reported in English. In fact, the accurate definition of news English is much wider than the common understanding. According to Ding Xiya, news English mainly refers to the English which is used in the news report, a kind of language which has the characteristics of news and be available to the transmission of news(丁西亞, 2011：4). News English is also called journalistic English. Everything has its own feature, the same as journalistic English. 2. Characteristics of news English 2.1 structure of news English First, lets see the structure of the news English. Zhang Yan have said that there are two kinds of structure（張燕, 2008：560）. One is the Inverted Pyramid Form, which puts the most important parts in the beginning, called lead including six parts：who, what, when, where, why and how. For example, ROME, Nov.8- A provincial prosecutor, his driver and his bodyguard were machine-gunned to death on a country road south of here today by political terrorists, who also wounded one of their accomplices and later killed him. After reading this news, we can get the six parts easily, whoa provincial prosecutor, his driver and his bodyguard, whatwere machine-gunned to death, whentoday (Nov.8), whereon a country road south of here (ROME), whypolitical (assassination), how (done by) terrorists who also wounded one of their accomplices and later killed him. However, sometimes, there are four parts or even three in a news report. For example,Oil ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries will hold an emergency meeting Friday to discuss. Here, three parts are included, they are whatan emergency meeting will be held, whenFriday, whoOil ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries. The other one is Chronological Form, consisting of three parts: beginning, events vintage sequence, and ending. Mostly, this kind of structure is available to sports news or crime process. For example, the Lakers were hosting New Orleans at Staples centre. Early on the Lakers big men work a nice little passing play, as Pau Gasol finds Dwight Howard for the throw down. Off to the third quarter and after a quiet first half, Kobe starts to heat up. The triple gives L.A. the lead. Then in the final 12 the Black Mamba would start to go offas the purple and gold take a 7- point lead. But the final 12 minutes belonged to Kobe. The steal here leads to a fast break hoop. Bryant had 23 of his 30 points in the final quarter. The Lakers go on to beat the Hornets 104- 96. We can see clearly in the news at what time what happened. Time sequence is often used to describe the events which happened one step by one step.2.2 Vocabulary and tenses Second, it is the vocabulary and tenses. Every sentence is consisted of words. Thus it is of great importance to accumulate a wide range of vocabulary, such as, political words, military words, economic words, cultural words, religious words, scientific words and so on. To gain a basic knowledge of English grammar is also necessary. From the tense, we can learn when the event has happened. For example, “a British team has begun building a car designed to smashed all previous land speed records and go faster than even the speed of sound.”In this news, if you have not learned most of the words, you could not get the message this news conveys. And if you do not know “and” is a conjunction, which is used to connect two words or two sentences, you could not tell the subject of the last sentence. Present perfect tense shows that this event has already happened and it is possible to design the special car to exceed all previous land speed records.2.3 Long sentence Next is the long sentence. News writers are used to adding modifiers to nouns in order to make the passage long and beautiful. A majority of persons are reluctant to pay much time to listen to a long sentence, especially he or she has the difficulty to understand the exact meaning of the sentence(楊世登，2008：40). For example, the growth of Chinas IT industry slowed this year due to the global economic technology downturn and it prompt s Chinese IT businesses to analyze strategies for dealing with future bumps in the road, said Lu Xinkui, vice minister of information industry on Saturday at the second IT Fortune xorum organized by China Computerworld, one of the biggest IT media groups in the nation. There are many modifiers in the news. It is easy to be confused and impatient for us. The main information is the growth of Chinas IT industry slowed this year. Most of the words are made to modify the person Lu Xinkui. When listening, we need to be familiar with this pattern and get the main information quickly. 2.4 Background informationWhat appears to be the fourth element is the background information. According to Chiang&Dunkel and Schmid- Rineharts research, it is of great help to have an understanding of the topic and accumulation of the background information, which could stimulate ones imagination to link your known message with the news(劉亞萍，2009：99). When you hear of an organization, such as OPEC, it is possible for you to connect oil with the news, for which is organized with countries to deal with oil issues. For example，OPEC, has agreed to keep oil output broadly steady at its current levels. The deal will comfort oil consumers, who have urged the oil cartel to maintain supplies in the face of an uncertain world economy. Even so, analysts said oil prices were unlikely to fall significantly from the current levels of about 100 dollars a barrel. All the words deal with the oil problem. So even at first you dont know what the speaker is talking about, the familiar phase “OPEC” could give a little confidence to continue the listening process. 2.5 Fast speed When it comes to the last characteristic, many speakers have no ideas. It is the fast speed, too difficult to follow the sportsman. We all know Voice of America, a popular broadcasting station in America. There are two kinds of programs, one of which is Special English and the other is Standard English. Liu Yaping says, for Standard English, its speed is as high as 135words per minutes, which obviously is a great trouble for English learners(劉亞萍，2009：100). In addition, some news are sent on live through noise and other interferences. Even some speakers pronunciations are tremendously impacted by dialects, which listeners are not able to get accustomed to. If the news is mixed with figures, then the possibility to understand the main idea of the news is much lower. The reflection of mind can not be as quick as the speaker reporting a piece of news.3. Barriers to understand news English In order to understand a piece of news, not only the characteristics but also the barriers should de cleared. As we have already realized the characteristics of news English, so next Ill talk about the barriers to understand news.3.1 Pronunciation Huang Rongping, a famous writer, considers that pronunciation comes in the first position(黃榮平，2009：146). As the speaker reports at a high speed, pronunciation plays an important role in whether listeners can be aware of the meaning. For the sake of saving time, it is common that those sound phenomena like liaison, assimilation and omission appeared in the pronunciation, those which makes pronunciation much easier for news broadcasters, language more smooth. However, this without doubt, increases difficulties for listeners. Students usually learn words by remembering the spelling and pay little attention on the sound, which leads to weakness of listening. For example, we often pronounce the phrase “not at all” as nt t l, however in a report, the sound may become nttl, connected to be a faster sound. 3.2 Cultural barriers Next, it is cultural barriers, which could appear at any time any place. News reflects information on every aspect of the society, including sports, natural disasters, and religion, requiring students to have some general ideas about every field. It is necessary for students to know some customs and festivals about that we do not have, such as trick or treat on Halloween. American linguist Oell Lymes has pointed out that a lack of social background will have effect on the cultivation of listening. When it comes to the impact of social culture on the language, he thinks that “social life not only affects the external language performance, also affect the internal language itself”（王蕾2009：60）. So there is a close relationship between listening of foreign language and understanding of the social culture. In order to lay firm foundation for learning news English, American culture should be acquired as much as possible. In fact, wed better learn the culture in the world since the news is worldwide. Lets take Christmas day as an example. As we all know Christmas day, it is one of the most popular festivals in America. Crowds of persons are eager to celebrate the festival. However, in China, we have spring festival instead of Christmas day. Even though nowadays, there are a number of people celebrating Christmas day, spring festival can not be taken place in their mind, for who the celebration of Christmas day is just for fun. 3.3 Terms and slangs What comes next is terms and slangs in vocabulary. Vocabulary is the foundation of language and a good store of vocabulary is the foundation of good listening. Students have limited amount of vocabulary compared with the vast listening materials covering politics, economy, environment and other aspects (Zhong Weixuan, 2011: 65). Usually, when students hear a new word, they will feel uncomfortable, and the second new word will make them confused. They have to stop to guess the meaning in order to understand the whole sentence. But in the meantime, they fail to listen the following part. Because of unfamiliarity with American culture, people do not know the fastening or special meaning of some words. Words appearing in news English have the following characteristics: 3.3.1 Capitals names are often used to take place of countries or any government agency. White house is used to replace American government and the Pentagon is instead of the U.S. department of defense. 3.3.2 In pursuit of novel and more impressive force, reporters often borrow technical words, military words or other loanwords. For example, Canada to bill Russia, Here，“bill” is a business word. 3.3.3 Acronyms used for a long period become a new word. Benelux nations refer to the following three nations: Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxemburg. For the slangs, it will be even confusing. Look at the following sentence, “I have to go to the john. Wait for me in the car.” What does john mean in mind? From memory vault, it refers to a person. But in this sentence, it means the washroom. Another example is “Keep your shirt on. He didnt mean to offend you. Thats just the way he talks.” Here “keep your shirt on” doesnt mean wearing your shirt. It means keeping calm. “A red letter” means a day worth to celebrating, not a real letter in red color. Thus special language words also increase the difficulty to understand news.3.4 Grammar Grammar is another important factor that influences listening comprehension. Grammar is the primary framework to constitute sentences and passages. It is equally important in both reading and listening. Good grammar can help us write speeches, letters and reports, meaning that we would be much more popular in workplace. And if we want a job in journalism, we will have to know what kind of words that really attract the audience. Nobody wants to read a boring article from someone who knows nothing about grammar or how it works. Despite the great part grammar plays, schools nowadays do not attach great importance to grammar teaching. Teachers are shifting their focus and energy from grammar to speaking. Although speaking is very important, yet grammar is the foundation of speaking. Without good grammar, all we say is a broken sentence as if we were poorly educated (高妍，2011：23). 3.5 Psychological barrier Psychological barrier is a subjective element, which must be overcome in the process of English news listening. Students distracted with emotional tension often can not improve hearing ability. Students in class neither using hand to write notes nor using brains to think questions have no impression on the content he or she just listens to. Some even listens to news with a fear of emotion. When he or she hears an unknown word, he becomes nervous quickly and of course the following content is missing. Russian psychologist Shensi Ji has said that attention is the only gateway. Only passing through this gateway can external world be felt in heart（王蕾，2009：60）. Experience proves that the more concentrated someone is, the more he will understand. Once he focuses, there is a period of exciting moment in his mind, thus the listener is completely involved in the content. Just treat listening as a common event.4. Approaches to understand news English Above characteristics and barriers of news E