英語(yǔ)翻譯第八單元

Chapter EightTranslation of English for Science and Technology科技英語(yǔ)翻譯1) 純專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)詞匯(Pure ST Terms) The lacuna between the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age once supposed to be a real hiatus, is being filled by a Middle Stone Age. 舊石器時(shí)代和新石器時(shí)代之間的空隙曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是個(gè)一個(gè)真正的間隔，現(xiàn)在被中石器時(shí)代所填補(bǔ)。3) 半科技詞匯(Semi- ST Terms)The operation is carried out under a general anaesthetic. 該手術(shù)是在全身麻醉情況下實(shí)施的。Each element defines the configuration of an operation in the service. 每個(gè)元素定義服務(wù)中一個(gè)操作的配置。ConcentrationTheres been too much concentration of power in the hands of central authorities. 權(quán)力一直過(guò)多地集中在中央機(jī)構(gòu)手中。Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions.電極電位決定于離子濃度。The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. 文章論述礦物中痕量汞的測(cè)定。6）創(chuàng)新詞語(yǔ)Researchers found the heart emoji appeared billions of times a day across the world.研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)全世界每天會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾十億個(gè)心形表情符號(hào)。 We start with base money and then well have whats called M-1, which includes cheque accounts, demand deposits of banks . and then M-2 which will include some savings deposits, some time deposits.首先是基本貨幣供應(yīng)量，其次是所謂的M-1，貨幣供應(yīng)量一，包括支票帳戶、銀行的活期存款等等。然后是貨幣供應(yīng)量二，包括一些活期儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶和定期存款。1) 大量的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（More Nominalization）地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜變化。The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.阿基米德最先發(fā)現(xiàn)固體排水的原理Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. (1) 用這種方法測(cè)試機(jī)器會(huì)損失一些功率。 The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power.(2) 在沸水中加入2%的碳酸鈉(sodium carbonate)會(huì)增加殺菌效果。 The addition of 2 percent sodium carbonate to boiling water increases the bactericide effect.(3) 滾動(dòng)摩擦代替滑動(dòng)摩擦?xí)蠓鶞p少摩擦力。 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.工程設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量管理探索及實(shí)踐 Exploration and Practice in the Quality Management of Engineering Design低滲透氣藏氣井的生產(chǎn)規(guī)律研究 A Study of the Production Rules of the Gas Wells in Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs1.影響銷(xiāo)售額的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析Statistic analysis of influential factors on sales 2. 對(duì)高校人力資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用的幾點(diǎn)思考Several thoughts on developing and using human resources in colleges and universities3. 語(yǔ)言和與語(yǔ)言相關(guān)的學(xué)科的相互交叉研究An interacting study between language and language-related disciplines4.質(zhì)量管理和設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量考核量化研究 A Quantative Study on the Design Quality Management and Assessment 5.學(xué)習(xí)困難學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)及教學(xué)策略心理學(xué)研究 A Psychological Research on Learning Motivation and Teaching Strategies for Poor Students大量使用后置定語(yǔ)也是科技文章的特點(diǎn)之一。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1) 介詞短語(yǔ)Documents for the World Wide Web are written in HTML.萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的文檔是用HTML(超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言)編寫(xiě)而成的。The shape of the electron spectrum in beta decay is not dominated by properties of the matrix element. 衰變的電子譜的形狀不取決于矩陣元的性質(zhì)。液體的壓力與容器壁垂直。Pressure in a liquid is at right angles to the walls of container.2) 形容詞及形容詞短語(yǔ)In this factory the only fuel available is coal. 該廠唯一可用的燃料是煤。 Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速不應(yīng)超過(guò)所允許的最大數(shù)值。形容詞后置定語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中，少數(shù)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須放在被修飾的詞之后，可分為如下幾種情況：1）一些前綴a-構(gòu)成的形容詞：2) 以-able或-ible 后綴結(jié)尾的形容詞3）形容詞修飾不定代詞，該形容詞要后置4)形容詞與all, only, every等詞或形容詞最高級(jí)連用修飾名詞時(shí)該公司已開(kāi)發(fā)出了適合于這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的軟件。The company has developed software adaptable to this technique.In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light. 熱能在輻射時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換成性質(zhì)與光相似的輻射能。成長(zhǎng)為整個(gè)生物體所需的全部信息都存在于一個(gè)細(xì)胞內(nèi)。All of the information necessary to build a whole organism resides within a single cell.沒(méi)有足以克服阻力的力，靜止的物體絕不會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。Without forces sufficient to overcome the resistance, bodies at rest will never move.翻譯練習(xí)Well do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.1. 我們將盡一切努力來(lái)改善電力供應(yīng)。The gear teeth should have the strength sufficient to operate.2. 齒輪的齒必須具備足夠的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度。Scientists have found a method of measurement suitable for coastal areas.3. 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一種適合沿海地區(qū)的測(cè)量方法。分詞后置定語(yǔ)1）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，表示“一時(shí)一事”時(shí)，分詞放在名詞后較多。2)名詞前有only，very，the first，the last等詞或有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，分詞放在名詞后 3）如果被修飾的詞不定代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí)，分詞要放在被修飾的詞的后面。4)有時(shí)單個(gè)分詞放在名詞前或后，意義有很大的區(qū)別 We agreed to meet at a given time and place.我們同意在規(guī)定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)見(jiàn)面。Fill in each of the blanks with the proper form of the verb given.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。A direct current (DC) is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流電是一種總是沿同一方向流動(dòng)的電流。The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals。這款汽車(chē)將由一個(gè)特異的GPS系統(tǒng)來(lái)導(dǎo)航，該系統(tǒng)能夠糾正全球定位衛(wèi)星信號(hào)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。一些對(duì)決定最終凈收益數(shù)額會(huì)有影響的項(xiàng)目，則可能與企業(yè)的主要經(jīng)營(yíng)無(wú)關(guān)。Some business items affecting the determination of a final net income amount may not relate to the primary operating activity of the business.翻譯下列句子1. The results obtained must be checked.1. 獲得的結(jié)果必須加以校核。2. The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.2. 產(chǎn)生的熱量等于浪費(fèi)了的電能。3. Accounting is an information system necessitated by the great complexity of modern business.3. 會(huì)計(jì)是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)巨大復(fù)雜性所必須的信息系統(tǒng)。4.在價(jià)值鏈的任何一點(diǎn)上所作出的決策都會(huì)在以后的每一點(diǎn)上發(fā)生影響。4. Decision made at any point of the value chain can have an impact on every subsequent point.5.光所產(chǎn)生的顏色感覺(jué)完全是由產(chǎn)生光的波長(zhǎng)所決定的。5. The color sensation produced by light depends simply on the length of wave producing the light.Any claim by the buyers regarding the goods shipped shall be filed within15 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination specified in the relative Bill of Lading and supported by a survey report issued by the notary authority approved by the seller.買(mǎi)方對(duì)于裝運(yùn)貨物的任何索賠, 必須于貨到提單規(guī)定的目的地15天內(nèi)提出, 并須提供經(jīng)賣(mài)方同意的公證機(jī)構(gòu)出具的檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告。4) 不定式短語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ) The best way to achieve this is by using existing internet standards.實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)的最佳方法就是使用現(xiàn)有的因特網(wǎng)語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。世界的熱帶地區(qū)在尋找新能源的競(jìng)賽中將會(huì)領(lǐng)先一步。The tropical parts in the world would have a head start in the race to find new energy sources.Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium.少量或中量地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品時(shí),數(shù)控機(jī)是極為有用的。There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.人們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到實(shí)現(xiàn)車(chē)輛尾氣排放更進(jìn)一步減少的唯一有效方法是用燃燒更為清潔的燃料代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的柴油和汽油。翻譯下列句子Flame-spraying is the most versatile way to apply hard-surface coatings.1. 火焰噴射法是涂硬表層的最常用方法。A good oil storage to be found at a reasonable depth would rarely happen to the “black gold” industry.2.“黑金”行業(yè)在合理的深度發(fā)現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)的油藏的光景將很難出現(xiàn)了。3. 通常這種電壓用于負(fù)載時(shí)不必先濾波。Usually there is no necessity to filter this voltage before applying it to the load.4. 下表所列數(shù)字充分說(shuō)明汽車(chē)尾氣的危害。The figures to be listed in the following table will fully demonstrate the hazard from automobile exhaust. 5）定語(yǔ)從句During construction, problems often arise which require design changes. 在施工過(guò)程中，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)需要改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的問(wèn)題。The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them. 分子相互間都存在著力的作用，該力的大小取決于它們之間的距離。定語(yǔ)從句翻譯練習(xí)1. 技術(shù)力圖為科學(xué)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的新思想找到應(yīng)用。1. Technology tries to find applications for new ideas which science discovers.2. 光的頻率高于無(wú)線電波和微波，這就使它具有更大的信息運(yùn)載能力。2. Light has a higher frequency than radio waves or microwaves, which gives it a greater information carrying capacity.3. 在每一塊磁鐵的周?chē)加幸粋€(gè)磁力作用的區(qū)域。3. Surrounding every magnet there is a region where magnetic forces act.4. 在電還沒(méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的年代里，人們不知道有導(dǎo)體和絕緣體。4. In those years when electricity had not been discovered, people knew nothing of conductors and insulators.5. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities and, perhaps more important, in the amounts dictated by the market. 5.石油煉制包含一系列復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。通過(guò)這些過(guò)程，石油原料最終轉(zhuǎn)化成為可銷(xiāo)售的產(chǎn)品。這些產(chǎn)品在質(zhì)量上符合人類(lèi)需要，而更重要的是它們?cè)跀?shù)量上符合市場(chǎng)要求。 6. Detailed knowledge of the mineralogy of reservoirs enables estimates to be made of the rate at which they may lose porosity during burial, and this detailed mineralogical information is essential for the accurate interpretation of geophysical well logs through reservoirs. 6.儲(chǔ)層礦物學(xué)的詳細(xì)知識(shí)可以(幫助我們)估計(jì)出在埋藏過(guò)程中孔隙度損失的速率。這樣詳細(xì)的礦物組分資料對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確地解釋儲(chǔ)層地球物理測(cè)井非常必要。 1) 往往使用分詞短語(yǔ)代替狀語(yǔ)從句； 由于結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，這些化合物具有一個(gè)特殊性質(zhì)。 Being special in structure, these compounds have a special property. Knowing the strength, it is possible to work backward and determine what factor of safety was used. 由于知道其強(qiáng)度，便可以反過(guò)來(lái)求出所用的安全系數(shù)值。 熱量由地球輻射出來(lái)時(shí)，使得氣流上升。 Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise. 當(dāng)照在不透明的物體上時(shí)，光或是被吸收或是被反射。 Striking an opaque object, the light is either absorbed or reflected. Sent out and meeting an obstacle, short waves are reflected. 短波發(fā)送出去，遇到障礙就反射回來(lái)。 電子一旦帶電了，就會(huì)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移。 Charged, the electrons are transferred. 碳在氧或空氣中燃燒，便形成了二氧化碳。Carbon burns in oxygen or air, forming carbon dioxide.使某種液體在冰箱的管子中循環(huán)，從而帶走食物中的熱量。 A liquid is made to circulate through the pipes in refrigerators, picking up heat from the food.2) 使用分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語(yǔ)從句 如果沒(méi)有改變物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因，那么物體將作勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。A body can move uniformly and in a straight line, there being no cause to change that motion.振動(dòng)著的物體產(chǎn)生聲波，每一次振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)聲波。 Vibrating objects produce sound waves, each vibration producing one sound wave.分詞短語(yǔ)翻譯練習(xí)1. Applying the law that action and reaction are equal and opposite, we see that the forces acting on a loaded beam are similar to the forces applied in breaking a stick. 1. 如果應(yīng)用作用力與反作用力大小相等方向相反這一定律，就可以知道，施加在負(fù)載橫梁上的力與用以折斷木杖的力是相似的。2. Designed to be earthquake-proof, the tunnel can move literally up and down. 2.由于設(shè)計(jì)為防震, 這條隧道可以上下移動(dòng).3. 中心計(jì)算機(jī)獲得所有這些詳情后，就能通過(guò)埋在道路下的電子裝置將最佳路線提供給駕駛員。 3.Having obtained all these details, the central computer sends back to the driver via the buried electronic unit the best possible route.4. 當(dāng)搬運(yùn)這臺(tái)儀器時(shí)，除了床座之外，其它零件不要碰。4. While carrying the instrument, dont touch any parts but the bed.3) 使用不定式短語(yǔ)To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.傳送電磁波需要能量。To develop better mechanical properties is the purposes of many metal working processes.獲得更好的機(jī)械性能是對(duì)許多金屬進(jìn)行加工的目的。將物體的溫度和熱量區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)是必要的。It is necessary to distinguish between the temperature of a body and its heat.要把雜質(zhì)從溶液中分離出來(lái)是不容易的。 It is difficult to remove impurities from solution.本項(xiàng)目的目的是開(kāi)發(fā)第二代綜合決策支持系統(tǒng)。The aim of this project is to develop a second generation integrated decision support system. 最好的方法是繼續(xù)減少影響大氣層的各種污染源。The best solution is to continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmosphere.In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.在通訊系統(tǒng)中，電子學(xué)要解決的問(wèn)題是如何把信息從一個(gè)地方傳遞到另一個(gè)地方。To supplement its advertising effort, the company used a variety of sales-promotion techniques.為了加強(qiáng)廣告力度，該公司運(yùn)用了大量的促銷(xiāo)手段。 Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.結(jié)構(gòu)材料的選擇應(yīng)使其在外界條件中保持其彈性。不定式短語(yǔ)翻譯練習(xí)In every field, experts examine changes to understand the state of the field. To understand a countrys economy, economists check growth in an industry such as steel. To understand the state of business, they may look at the number of building permits for new houses. The information learned shows increases or decreases. Important trends emerge in each field. 各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家都通過(guò)對(duì)變化的研究來(lái)了解該領(lǐng)域的狀況。為了了解一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對(duì)某個(gè)行業(yè)如鋼鐵業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查。為了了解行業(yè)的狀況，他們可能會(huì)調(diào)查新房建造許可證的發(fā)放數(shù)量。得到的資料能顯示出增長(zhǎng)或減少的情況，各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的重要趨勢(shì)就能體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。4) 介詞 + 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)代替狀語(yǔ)從句該系統(tǒng)僅限于檢驗(yàn)金屬表面。The system is restricted to examining the metal surface only.若沒(méi)有力作用于物體上，物體就不能移動(dòng)。A body cannot move without having a force to act upon it.Recently protein feeds for animals have been developed by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock. 最近已經(jīng)研制出一種動(dòng)物食用的蛋白質(zhì)飼料，它是用石油作為基本原料加上酵母而制成的。水結(jié)冰時(shí)，并不收縮，而是膨脹。On freezing, water does not contract, but instead it expands.將所有的電路元件在制成之后都連結(jié)在一起。All of its circuit elements are bonded together after being manufactured.1. 計(jì)算機(jī)的作用不能只限于幫助解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題上。 1. The function of the computer is not limited to providing support in solving mathematical problems.2. 他們?cè)谟煤铣上鹉z代替天然橡膠方面取得了成功。 2. They succeeded in substituting a synthetic rubber for the natural rubber.3. Electrolysis is the liberation of free elements from a liquid by passing an electric current through it. 3. 電解就是讓電流通過(guò)液體，從而使游離元素從液體中分離出來(lái)的過(guò)程。4. Offshore drilling is made possible by using huge quantities of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen to provide a livable atmosphere deep under water.4. 用大量的氮?dú)夂脱鯕庑纬稍谏钏心軌蛏畹沫h(huán)境，才有可能進(jìn)行海底石油鉆探。3.5 Extensive use of the Passive Voice電能可儲(chǔ)存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開(kāi)的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器，其儲(chǔ)存電能的能力稱為電容。電容的測(cè)量單位是法拉。Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store electrical energy (is called) capacitance. It is measured in farad.公司登記機(jī)關(guān)核準(zhǔn)注冊(cè)資本和投資總額的調(diào)整。The adjustment of registered capital or total investment shall be approved by the company registration authority.根據(jù)縱向恒定不變的假設(shè)，我們可以得出第二個(gè)方程式。The second equation is obtained from the assumption that the longitudinal deformation is constant.如圖5所示，微型計(jì)算機(jī)體積很小。Microcomputers are very small in size, as is shown in Fig.5.太陽(yáng)的輻射能到達(dá)地球后就轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能，從而使大地暖和起來(lái)。Falling on the earth, the radiant energy of the sun is changed into heat energy, and the earth is warmed.具有相似結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)、從句及句子的并列使用稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。The time-measuring devices had woolen puppets to beat a drum to announce a quarter, to ring a hand-bell to mark an hour, to hang out a plate to tell time every other hour, and to beat a large bell to mark the watches in the night.這些計(jì)時(shí)裝置使木偶擊鼓報(bào)刻，搖鈴報(bào)時(shí)， 示牌報(bào)告子、丑、寅、卯等十二個(gè)時(shí)辰， 擊鉦報(bào)更。因此,必須按照有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格控制噪聲。降低噪音的措施有：合理選用設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，提高制造精度，改變工藝和增加工序等。Therefore, efforts must be made to strictly control noises in accordance with the standards concerned. The effective measures of reducing noises are as follows: selecting design parameters reasonably, raising machining precision, improving technology and increasing processes.Board chairman is the legal representative of the joint venture, where the chairman is unable to perform his duties due to any special reason, the vice-chairman or another director may be appointed by the chairman as representative; where the chairman does not appoint specifically and can not perform his duties, the vice chairman shall perform the duties for him. 董事長(zhǎng)是合營(yíng)公司法定代表人。董事長(zhǎng)因故不能履行其職責(zé)時(shí)，可臨時(shí)授權(quán)副董事長(zhǎng)或其他董事為代表。董事長(zhǎng)未明確授權(quán)且不履行其職責(zé)的，由副董事長(zhǎng)代理履行職責(zé)。The liquidation committee shall exercise the following powers: (1) convening the creditors meeting; (2) working out the assets valuation price and calculation basis; (3) formulating the liquidation program; (4) recovering creditors rights and paying off debt; (5) distributing the assets remaining. 清算委員會(huì)行使下列職權(quán)： （1）召集債權(quán)人會(huì)議； （2）提出財(cái)產(chǎn)作價(jià)和計(jì)算依據(jù)； （3）制定清算方案； （4）收回債權(quán)和清償債務(wù)； （5）分配剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)； 了解孔隙流體的化學(xué)組成及其對(duì)巖石穩(wěn)定性的影響，有助于預(yù)測(cè) 哪些地區(qū)孔隙度因膠結(jié)作用(cementation)而變差，哪些地區(qū)孔隙度保持不 變，哪些地區(qū)孔隙度因地層水的溶蝕作用而提高。 Knowledge of the chemical compositions of pore fluids and their effect on the stability of minerals can be used to predict where porosity may be destroyed by cementation, preserved in its original form, or enhanced by solution of minerals by formation waters.本章主要研究油藏巖石的基本性質(zhì)。主要討論的性質(zhì)有：（1）孔隙度巖石中孔隙空間大小的量度;(2)滲透率巖石中流體傳導(dǎo)性能的量度；（3）流體飽和度流體占總孔隙空間的量度。 This chapter deals with the fundamental properties of reservoir rocks. The properties discussed are (1) porosity a measure of the void space in a rock; (2) permeability a measure of the fluid transmissivity of a rock; and (3) fluid saturation a measure of the gross void space occupied by a fluid. The joint venture enacts the following bylaws through the board of directors:(1) Regulations for workers;(2) Labor and