初中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)講解及練習(xí)題（共6頁(yè)）.doc

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be（am ,is, are）+Ving（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他成分主語(yǔ)beVing（現(xiàn)在分詞）第一人稱單數(shù)I復(fù)數(shù)We第二人稱單數(shù)You復(fù)數(shù)You第三人稱單數(shù)HeSheIt其他單數(shù)Sam復(fù)數(shù)they注：現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成變化方法動(dòng)詞原形Ving(現(xiàn)在分詞)直接加ingplay以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞，去掉字母e，再加ingtake結(jié)尾呈現(xiàn)“輔，元，輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing stop以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y ，再加ing lie否定句: + + + + I _ _ a student.（我不是學(xué)生。一般疑問(wèn)句： + + + ？_ _ a student?肯定回答：Yes, 主語(yǔ)+ be（am ,is, are） 否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)+ be（am ,is, are）+not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ be（am ,is, are）+主語(yǔ)+Ving（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他成分？（二）不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞：1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。 2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛(ài)她很深。 3）瞬間動(dòng)詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 4）系動(dòng)詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。（三）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1,表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Please dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition. 不要吵鬧。我正在寫(xiě)作文。 Lets set off. It isnt raining now. 咱們出發(fā)吧?，F(xiàn)在不下雨了。 這類(lèi)情況常與now現(xiàn)在，at present現(xiàn)在，at the moment現(xiàn)在，today今天，this week這個(gè)星期，this year今年等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 We are working in a factory these days. 這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S工作。 They are compiling a dictionary. 他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典。 We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。 這類(lèi)情況常與today今天，this week這個(gè)星期，this evening今天晚上，these days現(xiàn)在、目前等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1. 有時(shí)通過(guò)上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài)，如以look, listen開(kāi)頭的句子，提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 現(xiàn)在是下午四點(diǎn)。孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球。 Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快點(diǎn)！我們大家都等著你。 Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他們?cè)谀沁叺臉?shù)底下看書(shū)。 Listen! She is singing in the room. 聽(tīng)！她在房間里唱歌。 Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凱特在哪里？她在房間里看書(shū)。 Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 為什么哭呢？有什么不對(duì)？ Listen！She is singing an English song.聽(tīng)，她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。3,在口語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作。 They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約。 Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？ 這類(lèi)情況常與come來(lái)，go去， leave離開(kāi)，depart離開(kāi)，arrive到達(dá)，stay逗留，start開(kāi)始等動(dòng)詞連用。所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài)，主語(yǔ)必須是人。4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩。 Hes always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架。 She is constantly worrying about her sons health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著。 The boy is forever asking questions. 那個(gè)男孩老是問(wèn)問(wèn)題。 這類(lèi)情況常與always總是，usually通常，continually不斷的，constantly經(jīng)常的，forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用。5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問(wèn)者的關(guān)切心情。 How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感覺(jué)如何？ I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來(lái)。 Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 為什么你看起來(lái)這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？6,有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外，一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的。 Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來(lái)越有趣了。 The leaves are turning red. 樹(shù)葉漸漸地變紅了。 The war is ending. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)接近尾聲了。 Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一會(huì)兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了。 適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成，begin開(kāi)始，forget忘記，remember記得，die死，finish完成，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，rise增強(qiáng)等.7,“be”動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?！癰e”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。 He is being foolish. 他在裝傻。 He is being honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí)。 She is being rude. 她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。 I cant understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私。 適合于此種用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful細(xì)心的，patient耐心的，lazy懶惰的，silly傻的，rude粗魯?shù)?，polite禮貌的，impolite無(wú)禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞。（“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示人的行為，純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動(dòng)時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是人時(shí)，“be”動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）如： I am happy.（表語(yǔ)是純粹的心理狀態(tài)，不可用am being） 我很快樂(lè)。 Hes tired.（表語(yǔ)是純粹的生理狀態(tài)，不可用is being） 他很疲倦。 Its hot today.（主語(yǔ)不是人，不可用is being） 今天很熱。 常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題一、基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)（一）寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1. work_ sing_ play_ study_2. dance_ come_ write_ take_3. run_ sit_ shop_ swim_4. lie_ die_ （二）寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式1. work_ read_ clean_ write_2. teach_ wash_ guess_ watch_3. go_ do_ photo_5. have_（三）填入be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式 1. He _ drinking water. 2. The birds _ flying in the sky. 3. Children _ playing in the playground. 4. They _ working now. 5. I _ going to the supermarket. 6. I _ coming.二、填空：1. She is _ (walk) now. 2. Mother is _ (feed) birds. 3. They are _ (sit) on the chair. 4. Cindy is _ (watch,) TV. 5. Joe is _ (jog) in the garden. 6. Look, Nick is _ (come). 7. The cat is _ (lie) on the rug. 8. Listen, she is _ (sing). 9. Look, the girl is _ (run). 10. The cat is _ (eat) now. 11. Look, the baby is _ (smile). 12. My mother and my father are _ (dance). 13. Uncle Jerry is _ (drive). 14. The fish is _ (swim) in the river. 15. She is _ (shop).16. My father always _(come) back from work very late.17. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a day.18. Listen! Joan _(sing) in the classroom. She often _ (sing) there.19. _ your brother _(know) Japanese?20. Where _ you _ (have) lunch every day?21. The girl _(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She _(wear) a red skirt today.三、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting11. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it.13. I dont think that its true. Shes always _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told14.She_two daughters.has B. does have C. have D. haves15.There are two_in the house.A. family B. families C. familys D. home16.My father and mother_teachers.A. are B. is C. do D. does17.They are _ Jennys family.A. B. a C. an D. the 18.There is a boy _Harry Potter in the B. named C. names D. to name19.What is your uncle? He is _officer.A. a B. an C. the D. 20.This is your coat. Please _. A.wear it on B. put on C. put it on D. wear on it21.Kate and I _ doing _homework now.A. am,their B. are their C. is our D. are our22.My father and mother are_.A. Buses driver B. buses drivers C. bus drivers D. bus driver23.They are talking_todays newspaper.A. To B. with C. of D. about24.Do you like_on the grass?A. To sit B. siting C. sitting D. both A and C25.This is the way_our hair.A. That we comb B. to comb C. of combing D. all the above四、根據(jù)中文意思完成句子1、學(xué)生們?cè)诟墒裁?？有一些在打電話，另一些躺在沙灘上。_ _ the students _? Some _ _ on the phone, _ _ _ on the beach.2、“格林先生在看電視嗎？” “不， 他在打掃房間?！?“_ Mr Green _ TV?” “_, He _ _ the house.”3、魏芳不是在讀書(shū)，她在寫(xiě)信。 Wei Fang _ _ a book. She _ _ a letter.4、今天天氣怎么樣？_ is the weather today? 或_ is the weather _ today?5、我正在通過(guò)收音機(jī)學(xué) (learn) 英語(yǔ)。I _ _ English on the radio.6、這個(gè)老人每天早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床。The old man _ _ at six oclock in the morning every day.7、你從哪里來(lái)？ Where _ you from? 或Where _ you _ from? 我從美國(guó)來(lái)。 I _ from America. 或I _ from America.8. 你要去哪兒啊? Where are you _? 9. Nick 正在爬攀登架. Nick is _ (climb) the jungle gym. 10. 他們正在讀書(shū). They are _ books. 11. 爺爺正在吸煙. Grandpa is _. (smoke)12. 我在做作業(yè). I am _ (do) my homework. 13. 我媽媽正在做飯. My mother is _. 14. Jerry在喝檸檬果汁. Jerry is _ lemon juice. (drink)15. 他正在寫(xiě)信. He is _ a letter. 16. 看! Cindy來(lái)了. Look, Cindy is _. 17. 我們?cè)诔? We are _ now. 書(shū)面表達(dá)是對(duì)學(xué)生在初中階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的綜合考查，涉及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、句子構(gòu)成、短語(yǔ)使用和單詞拼寫(xiě)等多方面內(nèi)容，以下就中考書(shū)面表達(dá)的寫(xiě)作方法和注意事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)：一、認(rèn)真審題，確定時(shí)態(tài)人稱，同時(shí)關(guān)注題材格式時(shí)態(tài)：故事性文章一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，其中表達(dá)感受時(shí)可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。說(shuō)明性或議論性文章一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，舉例時(shí)可用過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)題目要求也會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的交錯(cuò)使用，如過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比等。如果句中出現(xiàn)了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)則要遵循時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如ago，last過(guò)去時(shí)next，in將來(lái)時(shí)等人稱：注意在句子中人稱的統(tǒng)一。例如：Thanks to the teachers, we have improved our English.其中we和our就是人稱的統(tǒng)一。格式：注意書(shū)信格式的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。二、找全信息點(diǎn)，緊扣主題，突出重點(diǎn)切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息點(diǎn)。一定把題讀全，找齊信息點(diǎn)，建議用鉛筆標(biāo)出，寫(xiě)完后再涂掉。根據(jù)題目，可適當(dāng)增加合理內(nèi)容。特別注意文章要有開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。三、成文時(shí)表述正確，文字流暢切忌與漢語(yǔ)提示的一一對(duì)應(yīng)，使用所學(xué)表達(dá)方法將語(yǔ)義表達(dá)出來(lái)即可。首先考慮句子結(jié)構(gòu)（如主謂賓，主系表等）。同時(shí)注意短語(yǔ)的正確使用和單詞的拼寫(xiě)，最好使用課本上學(xué)過(guò)的短語(yǔ)和句式。 四、文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，重點(diǎn)句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一個(gè)檔次考慮文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接短語(yǔ)，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 常用連接詞：1.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序：First of all，F(xiàn)irstly/First，Secondly/SecondAnd then，F(xiàn)inally，In the end，At last2.表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系的：What ismore，Besides，Moreover，F(xiàn)urthermore，Inaddition3.表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系的：However，On the contrary，butAlthough+clause（ 從句），In spite of+n/doingOn the one handOn the other handSome，while others4.表因果關(guān)系的：Because，AsSo，Thus，Therefore，As a result5.表?yè)Q一種方式表達(dá)：In other words6.表進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明：For example，句子；For instance，句子；such as+n/doing7.表陳述事實(shí)：In fact8.表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)：As far as I know，In my opinion9.表總結(jié)：In short，In a word，In conclusion，In summary文中正確使用兩三個(gè)好的句型，如：賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、動(dòng)名詞做