高考閱讀理解猜測詞義方法.doc

閱讀理解猜測生詞的常見方法閱讀理解越來越注重能力的考查。高考試卷閱讀理解題設(shè)置的一個(gè)重要原則就是必須含有一定量的生詞，而根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義是提高閱讀水平的重要途徑?？忌趹?yīng)試中碰到一些不認(rèn)識的詞，這是正?，F(xiàn)象，大可不必驚慌失措，也不要對某個(gè)詞的詞義糾纏不清，以致影響對文章的繼續(xù)閱讀、閱讀的速度、閱讀的質(zhì)量，從而影響解題的效果。因此，如何通過語言環(huán)境和上下文聯(lián)系，再結(jié)合正確的方法快速而準(zhǔn)確地猜測出生詞，對閱讀理解和做好考題相當(dāng)重要。有時(shí)，必須將生詞撇開，繼續(xù)閱讀下去，也許等到將全文閱讀完畢，你就會猜出生詞的詞義。另外，考生也可以通過派生、分解、轉(zhuǎn)換、加減前后綴等方法來獲取生詞的詞義。下面將分析一下近幾年高考英語試卷中有關(guān)的題目。（一） 根據(jù)同義詞猜詞義He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision.句中hasty 是生詞，根據(jù)上文所提供的信息所知，hasty是形容詞，與quick 同義。The old woman had a strange habit. She kept over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her eccentric lady.句中eccentric 是生詞，根據(jù)句中所提供的信息，我們可以斷定該詞是形容詞，與strange是同義。 根據(jù)反義詞猜詞義We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means _.A. being able to afford a computerB. being able to write computer programsC. working with the computer and finding out its valueD. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it句中的computer-literate 是生詞，根據(jù)下文所提供的信息：David does not see it that way. He says that computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.考生可以斷定computer-literate與people-literate相反。Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is quite homely.句中unlike是關(guān)鍵詞。它提示了John與他的兄弟情況相反。由此可知handsome與homely是反義詞。故homely應(yīng)是ordinary-looking的意思。 根據(jù)定義猜詞義定義法，即根據(jù)文章中的定義關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如：A glacier is a river of ice.句意表明glacier的意思是“冰河”。A linguist is a person who studies the science of language. Linguist就是一個(gè)“研究語言科學(xué)的人”，即“語言學(xué)家”。釋義法，即根據(jù)文章中所提供的釋義關(guān)系來確定生詞的詞義。如：They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 說明：句中的or 是對loon的解釋，即loon與a mad man 同義，即表示“瘋子”。It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.說明：句中的 that is 表明 it will break easily 是對 brittle 的解釋，從而猜測出其意為“脆”。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.說明：定語從句 who looks after sheep 表明 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery?說明：定語從句 that is somewhat dry and feathery(有點(diǎn)兒干、像羽毛似的) 表明 fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪”。文中常用解釋性詞語引出生詞含義，如that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be等，有時(shí)用破折號，括弧來表示，或者用同位語、定語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career ?這兒or表示job與career同義，所以career譯為職業(yè)較妥。Decision-thinking is not unlike pokerThis card game has often been of considerable interest to people.從后面句子的解釋不難看出，poker 應(yīng)是一種玩紙牌游戲。This card game 就是poker 的解釋。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 句中herdsman是生詞，但后面的定語從句已對該詞作了解釋，我們馬上就能理解它的詞義。 根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜詞義句中常有兩個(gè)意義相對比的詞，只要把握其中一詞，就不難推出另一詞的含義，這時(shí)句中會有 unlike, although, but, while 等信息詞?？忌梢詰{借信息詞進(jìn)行推測詞義。Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked. We passed the time telling stories.句中panicked為生詞，數(shù)千人困在電梯中，情況應(yīng)該不妙，可but 引出的后半句卻告訴我們“人們還在講故事消磨時(shí)間”，因此panicked 應(yīng)為“慌張”、“恐懼”之意。One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.由前句中perfect information 到后面imperfect information 這一組對比關(guān)系的詞，我們不難推斷“Quite the reverse”應(yīng)表示“對比、相反”的意思。對比法，即根據(jù)文章前后的對比關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如：He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.說明：句中的 but 表明 deteriorate 應(yīng)該與 get better 的意思相反，即“惡化”。In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.說明：上文說兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的極端，那么下文中 penury 應(yīng)與 great wealth 相對，即表示“貧困”。Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husbandis the silent type.說明：while 表對比，意為“而”，所以 loquacious 應(yīng)是 silent 的反義，即“多嘴的”。If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.說明：既然畫圈表示同意，那么畫叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜詞義上下文中有連詞because, as, since, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat 連接，由已知的“原因”推出“結(jié)果”，反之亦然。The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.考生可以從停電的原因上猜出冰淇淋、冷凍食品化冰的必然結(jié)果，因此“melted”是“溶化”之意。There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn.文中的兄妹二人呼吸忽急忽緩，且咳個(gè)不停，最終的結(jié)果只能是“癱倒”在草坪上了。上半句是出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致結(jié)果是“癱倒”在地。 根據(jù)上下文猜詞義高考試題中，還有一些要求考生用上下文提供的情景和線索猜測詞義的題目。這已成了近年高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “Im on high”?A. Im rich.B. Im famous. C. Im excited.D. Lucky此題要求考生根據(jù)語篇情境猜測詞語的意義?？忌鷱奈闹锌梢钥闯?Cory Luxmoore 丟失日記后，深感難過，后來日記失而復(fù)得，他對記者說“Its wonderful, Im on high.”。由此可以推斷出“Im on high”應(yīng)是“快樂，激動(dòng)”的意思。The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to _.A. cars in the makingB. car rental firmsC. cars for rent D. car makers通過上下文，考生應(yīng)該非常輕松地判斷出這些詞應(yīng)指cars for rent。 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞義構(gòu)詞法，即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識判斷生詞的詞義。如：Overwork may cause diseases. 說明：前綴 over- 的意思是“過分的，過量的”，故 overwork 的意思應(yīng)為“工作過度”。There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.說明：satisfied 的意思是“滿意的”，前綴 dis- 的意思是“不”，故 dissatisfied 的意思應(yīng)該是“不滿意的”。在閱讀過程中，考生還會碰到一些熟詞的派生詞和合成詞，這就要看考生詞匯功底是否扎實(shí)。如果考生平時(shí)注意詞綴的用法，有意識地進(jìn)行歸納記憶，考試時(shí)就會駕輕就熟，排除攔路虎，順利抓住文章大意。有一年的高考英語閱讀英語題中，僅recycle一詞，下文就出現(xiàn)了4個(gè)派生詞：recyclables, unrecyclables, nonrecyclables, recycled。分別譯為“可回收利用的材料”，“不可回收利用的材料”，“無法回收利用的材料”，“被回收利用的材料”。利用構(gòu)詞法知識猜測詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解詞根的基礎(chǔ)上，掌握前后綴規(guī)律，如re-,non-,un-, im-, in-, dis- 等前綴和-able, -an, -ive, -ist, -ise, -ty, -ness, -less 等，要懂得這些詞綴與詞干結(jié)合起來可組成新的單詞，即派生詞。近年高考試卷中出現(xiàn)的派生詞還真不少，如imperfect, yellowish, popularity, inexpensive, rethink, unmistakable 等。 根據(jù)同類關(guān)系猜詞義請看下題：I like many musical instruments such as piano, violin and guitar.Guitar 與鋼琴、小提琴同屬樂器， 結(jié)合發(fā)音可知其含義為“吉他”。 同類關(guān)系常由such as, like, for example, for instance等詞列舉同類詞匯。猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力， 它不但需要運(yùn)用前面提到的一些技巧準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的閱讀量， 掌握或認(rèn)識比較多的課外詞匯。 這就需要平時(shí)長期不懈的努力，僅靠考前突擊是不能解決問題的， 應(yīng)養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，盡可能擴(kuò)大詞匯量， 注意積累，這樣才能在高考中應(yīng)付自如，考出水平。（二）實(shí)踐證明，根據(jù)自己的英語基礎(chǔ)和興趣愛好選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟牧?，進(jìn)行大量的閱讀是學(xué)好英語的有效途徑。但是，閱讀中不免會遇到生詞或熟詞生義，不可能也沒有必要每個(gè)生詞都去插詞典，這就需要掌握猜測詞義的方法和技巧了。這里總結(jié)了17種詞義推測的方法或技巧，但愿能對你有所幫助。1. 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的有though, but、however等。例如：Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. (廣東卷)由but可知genius是與fool(蠢才)相對的，由此推測其意為“有才能的人”、“天才”。2. 根據(jù)對比關(guān)系：表示對比關(guān)系的有標(biāo)志詞有unlike、not、while、on the other hand, in spite of、in contrast等。例如：If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say “No”.根據(jù)前后的對比關(guān)系，不難猜出dissent是意思與agree相反，即：“不同意”。3. 根據(jù)同類關(guān)系：比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語有similarly，like，just as，also等。例如：Mr. Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.句中similarly表明loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間是同類關(guān)系。由此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為“健談的”。4. 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系：表示因果關(guān)系的有because, so that, so/suchthat等。例如：The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.由“無雨水”之因，可推知花會“枯萎、凋謝”之果。因此，wither意為“枯萎、凋謝”。5. 根據(jù)同位關(guān)系: 因?yàn)橥徽Z是對前面的名詞的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明，提供更為詳細(xì)的情況，所以根據(jù)同位語也可推測前面名詞的意思。例如：Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (全國卷)由后面的同位語的解釋我們清楚地知道Tai Mahal就是一著名的建筑物。同位語是對所修飾詞語的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋，若對所修飾的詞語不熟悉，可通過其后同位語的“說明或解釋”來確定其詞義。如：His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 說明：同位語 the study of the sounds of language 表示 phonetics 的意思應(yīng)該是“語音學(xué)”。Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).說明：同位語 a birth illness that damages the spine 表明了spina bifida 是一種病，一種對脊骨有損害的病。6. 根據(jù)并列關(guān)系：一般由and, or等表示并列關(guān)系。例如：In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.因?yàn)閙ansion與“戰(zhàn)場遺址”、“劇院”、“其它公眾廳”并列，所以mansion也應(yīng)該屬于建筑物或場所。7. 根據(jù)比喻關(guān)系：一般由asas, like等表示。例如：The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.根據(jù)“就像水中的玫瑰葉”這樣的比喻可知，buoyant是“飄浮的”之意。8. 根據(jù)定義關(guān)系：定義句的謂語動(dòng)詞多為be, mean, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as等。Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.根據(jù)“是用來描述人類社會的科學(xué)研究的術(shù)語”的定義，可知sociology是“社會學(xué)”之意。9. 根據(jù)所舉實(shí)例：一般由for example, such as, like等來表示舉例。例如：Many United Nations employees are polyglot. Ms White, for example, speaks six languages.由所舉實(shí)例,不難推出polyglot的意思是“懂多種語言的”。列舉法，即通過對文章所列舉的事物來猜測生詞的詞義。如：Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys. 說明：像 dogs 和 monkeys 之類的 “creatures”，顯然creatures 的意思應(yīng)是“動(dòng)物”。In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.說明：periodical 是生詞，但根據(jù)其后所列舉的例子，我們可以推測出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“雜志”。10. 根據(jù)同義關(guān)系：根據(jù)生詞所處語境中的同義或近義詞的意思來推測它的意思。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.由語境可知， detrimental與harmful同義，意為“不利的，有害的”。11. 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換說法：插入語that is, that is to say, in other words以及namely, i.e., or等都可以用來對前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋，意為“也就是說、即”。The cinema is only open to adults, i.e. people over 18.根據(jù)people over 18可知，adult是“成年人”之意。12. 根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號：冒號、破折號、括號等都可表示對前文的解釋或說明。例如：New houses, large schools, modern factories, more horses and sheep everywhere we saw signs of prosperity. 根據(jù)破折號前面的具體描述，可猜測prosperity 意為“繁榮”。13. 根據(jù)定語從句：由生詞后起修飾限制或起補(bǔ)充說明的定語從句推測其意思。例如：Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.由后面起補(bǔ)充作用的非限制性定語從句可推知生詞florist是“花店主”之意。14. 根據(jù)邏輯推理：根據(jù)生詞前后的搭配關(guān)系和上下文的意思等來推測其意思。Although the fisherman was wearing souwester, the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.因生詞souwester是wear的賓語，應(yīng)當(dāng)是一種“衣”或“帽”，又由although和后面一個(gè)分句，可以推知它是指“防雨的衣”。(from )15. 根據(jù)單詞發(fā)音：有的英語詞匯是通過音譯進(jìn)入漢語詞匯中的，我們可以根據(jù)其讀音來理解其意思。如：aspirin(阿斯匹林), nylon(尼龍), Olympic(奧林匹克), sofa(沙發(fā)), typhoon (臺風(fēng))等。16. 根據(jù)生活常識：有時(shí)根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和基本常識可以推測出生詞的意思。The snake slithered through the grass.根據(jù)有關(guān)蛇的生活習(xí)性的知識，我們可以推斷出slither的詞義為“爬行”。常識法。即根據(jù)普通常識推測生詞的詞義。如：Its said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 說明：根據(jù)常識，Bill Gates 為世界首富，所以 affluent 可能是“富有的”。As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.說明：根據(jù)常識，Edison為發(fā)明大王，他應(yīng)因“發(fā)明”而聞名于世。17. 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞方法：根據(jù)前綴、后綴、合成、轉(zhuǎn)換等構(gòu)詞法來推測生詞的意思。After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers. (廣東卷)因同學(xué)們學(xué)過charge(收費(fèi)、要價(jià))，根據(jù)前綴over-的意思“過多、過分”，可推知overcharge是“索價(jià)太高”之意。盡管我們介紹了這么多的生詞猜測方法，但是，值得一提的是，我們閱讀的目的在于理解文章的意思，從中享受快樂或者獲取信息。那些并不影響對整篇文章的理解的生詞，我們大可不必費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間去猜測它們的意思，以免影響閱讀的興致。（三）詞句推斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的一種常見題型，旨在考查考生在不使用詞典的情況根據(jù)材料背景和上下文等線索推測詞、句的確切含義的能力。這類試題包括對生詞生義的推測、熟詞生義的推測、以及對it/they/them等代詞的確指對象的判斷等。這類試題的設(shè)問方式主要有：(1)What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to?(2)In the. paragraph, the word. means (refers to).(3)according to the passage,. probably means(4)The author uses the word. to mean.(5)The underlined phrase “punch line”most probably means_.(6)The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by _.(7)What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for?(8)“But we stuck it”(in paragraph 3) means _.(9) “Professional work” as used in the text means _.(10)What does the author mean when he says, “we cant turn the clock back”?(11)Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?(12)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？下面再結(jié)合全國高考閱讀試題中的實(shí)例來說明做推測詞義題的幾種基本的技巧。1. 據(jù)詞或詞組的指代對象確定其詞義。如：Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career,” he saidWhich of the following words can take the place of the word “career” in the first paragraph?A. conclusion B. story C. incident D. job這道題實(shí)際上要讀者推測“career”的詞義。根據(jù)“this”的基本用法(this可以指代前文提到過的事情)，我們知道“this career”指的是“Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes”這句話所表示的意思。顯然，“help people bitten by snake”是“Shu Pulong”作為一名蛇醫(yī)的工作職責(zé)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“job”符合這句話的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)是可以考慮的選項(xiàng)。又如：Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age“Professional work” as used in the text means_.A. ordinary school work B. moneymaking performancesC. stage training at school D. acting, singing or dancing after class“professional work”指的是與一個(gè)人所從事的專業(yè)或職業(yè)相關(guān)的工作，在不同的行業(yè)，“專業(yè)工作”或“職業(yè)工作”(professional work)有不同的含義。對一個(gè)戲劇學(xué)校來說，它的“專業(yè)工作”或“職業(yè)工作”自然是戲劇理論方面的學(xué)習(xí)或舞臺訓(xùn)練，因此，C選項(xiàng)符合文意，是正確答案。2. 運(yùn)用生活常識或經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行推理判斷。如：Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.The word “yielded” in the last sentence means _. A. improved B. increased C. produced D. sold把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別取代文段中的“yielded”，我們可以得出以下分析：“improve fruit”是改進(jìn)蘋果(質(zhì)量)的意思，既然冬季有利于蘋果樹(的營養(yǎng)生長)，自然就有利于蘋果質(zhì)量的改進(jìn)，這是符合常識的，因此，A選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的；可以說increase the output(產(chǎn)量) of fruit，但不可以說increase the fruit，也就是說increase不能與fruit構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的；“冬天沒有蘋果買”不符合常識，所以，D選項(xiàng)也是錯(cuò)誤的；“冬天不產(chǎn)蘋果”是符合常識的，亦符合原文的意思，因此，C是正確的。又如：Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.A “pawgraphed” book is most probably _.A. a book used in Saturday classesB. a book written by the childrenC. a prize for the children D. a gift from parents文段敘述的是孩子們參加“周六下午閱讀訓(xùn)練班”的事情。根據(jù)常識我們知道，在一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)結(jié)束時(shí)，通常會對一些先進(jìn)分子進(jìn)行表彰或獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。因此，我們可以作出判斷，“Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class”這句話的意思應(yīng)該是：那些參加了四個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)班中三個(gè)班的學(xué)習(xí)的孩子們在參加最后一個(gè)班的時(shí)候可以得到某種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。A、B、D都不符合常識，所以只有C選項(xiàng)是正確答案。3. 根據(jù)文段中出現(xiàn)的同義、近義或反義詞(詞組)的意思進(jìn)行判斷。如：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的)farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadnt the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go. The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means _.A. expect B. understand C. see clearly D. hear clearly根據(jù)第四句話的意思，我們知道“Even then”實(shí)際上是指前文的“I understood anything”，因此這句話可以理解為“Even when I understood anything, all (that) I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident”。顯然，“make out”是被用來取代前面的“understood”，以避免重復(fù)，它們應(yīng)該是近義或同義詞，所以，B選項(xiàng)可能是正確的。又如：One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?A. Quite right.B. True enough. C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.根據(jù)quite the reverse這個(gè)短語前后兩個(gè)句子中的“perfect information”與“imperfect information”這兩個(gè)意思相反的詞組，我們可以推斷出quite the reverse這個(gè)短語應(yīng)該是表示它前后兩個(gè)句子的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。只有D選項(xiàng)符合這種意思，因此，可以考慮它是正確答案。4. 根據(jù)下文的舉例或解釋推測詞義。如：Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometre down. At six kilometres, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped(壓;抽)down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries. The underlined words geothermal energy in the third paragraph mean _.A. renewable sourceB. underground sourceC. heat inside the earthD. temperature of the earth這一段講的是“renewable energy sources”的開發(fā)問題，并且舉例“geothermal energy”是其中的一種，接下來文章進(jìn)一步解釋“geothermal energy”的形成及開發(fā)利用的方式。A、B、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)指代的范圍都太大，與下文對“geothermal energy”的解釋不完全一致，因此都可以排除。下文在解釋了地內(nèi)溫度升高的一般規(guī)律后接著說“To get the heat, water is pumped(壓;抽)down into the rocks and back up to the surface”，并且說“Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.”因此，可以確定“geothermal energy”指的是“地?zé)豳Y源”，所以C選項(xiàng)是正確的。(from )又如：Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother - or my father - was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any more. Weve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.“Act your age” means people should _.A. be active when they are oldB. do the right thing at the right ageC. show respect for their parents young or oldD. take more physical exercise suitable to their age“Weve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways” 這句話的意思是“看到老年人表現(xiàn)出年輕人的行為舉止，我們(現(xiàn)在)不再感到奇怪”，即“現(xiàn)在不再(像以前那樣)要求老年人的行為舉止與他們的年齡相符”。這句話實(shí)際上是以老年人為例，對“No one says Act your age any more”這句話進(jìn)行解釋，B選項(xiàng)符合這句話的意思，因此，是正確選項(xiàng)5. 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。如:The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the Kings baker (面包師)in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery (面包房)into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means.A. home B. children C. wife and husband D. wife and children根據(jù)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，family與baker、wife、之間應(yīng)該是并列關(guān)系，表示同類概念，即“家人”。Home是“家庭”，不是“家人”的意思，與baker, wife不是同類概念，可以排除；句子中已經(jīng)提到 baker 和wife，因此，C、D在概念上與前文重復(fù)，也可以排除，因此，只有B才是正確的。又如：A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sum.). At 5:30am, the riders will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive(競爭性的) part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli. The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres. The underlined word “l(fā)eg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means _. A. race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour文段中有三個(gè)句子的表述與 leg 的意思相關(guān)，即： “as a training leg”; “Then the next 55 lilometre leg will be the first competitive part of the tour”; “The second racing leg of the tour”。從以上的表述來看，leg這個(gè)詞既含有training的意思，也含有race的意思。A選項(xiàng)只含有“race”的意思、B、C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)只含有 training 的意思，只有D選項(xiàng)既含有 race 的意思也含有training 的意思，符合文意，因此，是正確答案。6. 根據(jù)文章的背景進(jìn)行判斷。如：JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud