2014年中考動詞的非謂語形式講義.docx

2014年中考動詞的非謂語形式復習講義形式：動詞不定式基本形式由“不定式記號to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。它的疑問形式是：“wh-疑問詞+to+動詞原形”。 動詞不定式可以在句子中用作狀語,有下列幾種情況：A 放在不及物動詞(come, go, stop, finish, wait等詞)的后面。如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天來看望她)(表示來的目的)/ I stopped to have a rest.(我停下來休息一會兒)(表示停下來的目的)B 放在完整的謂語之后(即“謂語+賓語”、“謂語+賓語+補語”、“動詞+表語”之后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我們打掃了房間以便讓他在里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打開窗子以便看得更清楚點兒)C 有時表示目的的不定式短語可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(為了按時到達,我們比平時早起了一個小時)(表示早起的目的) 動詞不定式可以作謂語動詞(及物動詞)的賓語。A 及物動詞+不定式一般形式：謂語動詞(vt.)+不定式(作賓語)說 明want(想)/ try(試圖)/ decide(決定)/ would like(想要)/ hope(希望)/ love(喜愛)/ learn(學會) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失敗、未能) / mean(意味著) / prefer(寧愿) / wish(希望) + to (do)(無)help(幫助)to可以省略begin(開始)/ start(開始)/hate(憎恨)也可跟動名詞,意義變化不大forget(忘記) / remember(記得)/ like(總愛)也可跟動名詞,意義變化較大 如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我現(xiàn)在想休息一下)/ They began to search the room for the thief.(他們開始在屋子里搜尋小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜愛在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么時候開始學英語的？)/ Dont forget to close the door when you leave.(你離開時別忘了關(guān)門比較 He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了關(guān)燈.) (沒關(guān))/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘記關(guān)過燈.)(關(guān)了) / Please remember to ring me up.(記得給我打電話.)(還沒打電話) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我記得昨天給你打電話了,但是你忘記了.)(打過電話) B 及物動詞+疑問詞+不定式： 謂語動詞(vt.)+wh-疑問詞+不定式(作賓語)說明tell (告訴) / show (顯示) / know (知道) / ask (問) / find out (發(fā)現(xiàn)) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(學會) / forget(忘記) / remember(記得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商討)what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑問形式還可以作句子的主語、表語等。 如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道該選哪個)/ Tell me how to get to the station.(告訴我怎么樣去火車站)/ She asked me what to do for todays homework.(她問我今天家庭作業(yè)做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎樣上網(wǎng)嗎？)C 不定式作賓語而后面又有賓語補足語時,通常用it代替作形式賓語,而不定式則后置。主+feel/think/find/make+it+adj+to do sth如： I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)學騎車不很容易)A want / need之后用動名詞時,含有被動意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的車急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理發(fā)。)(頭發(fā)被理)B remember / forge / stop / finish之后用動名詞時,與用不定式含義不同。如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫封信)(根本沒寫) / I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了給他寫過信)(寫了卻忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他們停下來向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他們停止向后看)(不向后看了)C enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等詞一般用動名詞作賓語。如：Do you mind my closing the door?(把門關(guān)上你介意嗎？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她討厭坐飛機旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他們每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上轉(zhuǎn)悠)D like / love / start / begin / learn后面用動名詞時,與用不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我們在小學時就開始學英語了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我們在小學時就開始學英語了) 注意 使役動詞let,have,make感官動詞see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作賓補，省略to。help之后做賓補的不定式符號to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的賓補用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時,含義不同,需特別注意,(參見現(xiàn)在分詞部分)。試比較： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路過時聽到她正在哭)(指當時瞬間的情況) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近聽她唱新歌)(指整個過程)不定式的特殊句型（1）too/enoughto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.（2）Its for sb. to do sth.和 Its of sb.to do sth.（1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult, interesting,impossible等：Its very hard for him to study two languages. （2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Its very nice of you to help me. （3）Its time to . 表“該干的時間了”之意。 Its time to go home. （4）It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是“做某事花費某人一段時間”之意。可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去式和一般將來時態(tài)。 It will take us two hours to go over all the words and expressions. 【2013四川雅安】12. Students should learn how problems.A. solve B. solving C. can solve D. to solve【2013浙江杭州】24. Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went【2013重慶】38He lost his keyIt made him _in the cold to wait for his wifes returnAto stay B stayed Cstays Dstay【2013 浙江衢州】28. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Lets try our best them. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps【2013四川內(nèi)江】36. He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches【2013山東泰安】30. Why is Linlin practicing speaking English? _ abroad for further study. A. Go B. Gone C. To go D. Goes 【2013湖北黃石】(29. Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once.A. walk; tellingB. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking【2013 上?！?7. Even Tonys granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him _smoking. A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up【2013 上?！?8. The retired couple enjoy _ photos. They always go out with their camerasA. take B. took C. to take D. taking 【2013江西】38. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _dancing with her.A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice 【2013 湖北黃岡】38.How is your grandma?Shes fine. She used to _ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _ out for a walk.A. watch; go B. watching; goC. watching; goingD. watch; going【2013江蘇無錫】9. Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs so that it can be reused. A. to destroyB. destroyingC. to collectD. collecting 【2013湖南株洲】21. All the Chinese people must work hard China Dream. A. to realize B. realize C. realizing【2013廣東廣州】17. I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous. A. not to playB. to play not C. not playing D. not play 【2013廣東】41. I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping.A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making 【2013天津】30. He promised _his old friend during his stay in Tianjin. A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see（2013陜西）23. Mary called and asked her husband _home at once , because she locked their daughter in the home . A. to leave B. leave C. go D. to go 【2013山東威海】39. Excuse me. Could you tell me _ get to the nearest post office?Sorry, I am new here.A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can【2013江蘇淮安】12. At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk【2013湖北十堰】33. How kind you are! You always do what you can _ others. A. helpB. helpingC. helpsD. to help【2013湖北孝感】33. What a heavy rain! So it is. I prefer _ rather than _ on such a rainy day. A. to go out; stay at home B. to stay at home; go out C. going out; stay at home D. staying at home ; go out【2013湖北孝感】39. Dad, why must I stop _ computer games? For your health, my boy. A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing【2013湖北襄陽】38. Driving less, walking more is good for our health.So Id rather an hours walk to work than consider a car.A. take, driveB. take, to driveC. take, driving D. taking, driving【2013黑龍江綏化】14. Remember _ off the lights when you leave the room, please. A. to turn B. turning C. turn【2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾】20. It takes me half an hour the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play【2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾】27. Animals are our close friends. We are supposed them. A. to protect B. protecting C. protect【2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾】30. The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well. A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing【2013河北】39. The children decide_ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A. clean B. to clea