初高銜接(閱讀理解題材篇之科技篇).doc

精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)員編號： 年 級： 課 時 數(shù)： 學(xué)員姓名：YYY 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師： XX授課類型T 閱讀-科技篇星 級教學(xué)目標(biāo)T能力-閱讀 科技篇 The only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic callsUS researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on MarsIn a study of elderly men and women，those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkageLook at the pictures above, do you want to know more? Please read the next passages科技詞匯教你如何表達(dá)advanced science 尖端科學(xué) scientific invention 科學(xué)發(fā)明 double-edged sword 雙刃劍 earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改變 lay a solid foundation for 為打下良好的基礎(chǔ) energy crisis 能源危機 depletion of resources 能源消耗 milestone 里程碑 sophisticated equipment 尖端設(shè)備 technical innovation 科技創(chuàng)新 over-commercialized 過渡商業(yè)化的 a heated discussion 熱烈的討論 exhaust gas 廢氣 disastrous 災(zāi)難性的 compared to/with 與相比 cure-all solution 萬能良藥 portable 便攜的 innovative 創(chuàng)新的 cutting-edge 尖端的 cost-effective 性價比高的 pave the way for the future development 為未來的發(fā)展鋪平道路 exert a far-reaching impact on 對產(chǎn)生一種深遠(yuǎn)的影響 be addicted to/be obsessed with 對著迷/上癮 technological progress/advances 科技進(jìn)步 be accessible to 容易獲得的 例句：Radio broadcasting is accessible to the audience with no charging fee. with the advent of 隨著的到來 例句：With the advent of advanced technology 隨著高科技的到來 pay a heavy price for sth. 為付出慘痛的代價 例句：Human being has paid a heavy price for the its curiosity. （A）US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars boosting hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.The lake, which dates back some 3.4 billion years, appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep, said the team from the University of Colorado.This is the first unambiguous evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars, said Boulders research associate, Gaetano Di Achille, in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Research Letters.The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake, which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago.Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon in which it was found, which then opened out into a valley depositing sediment which formed a delta.Finding shorelines is a holy grail of sorts to us, said assistant professor Brian Hynek, adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago, that featured a bombardment of large meteors and extensive flooding.The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years, according to the study.Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.批注：文章難度較大，可以給學(xué)生先學(xué)習(xí)一下單詞和短語，然后讓學(xué)生去閱讀文章，長句可以讓學(xué)生試著去劃分一下主謂賓，這樣可以逐漸鍛煉學(xué)生對句子成分分析的能力，同時提高閱讀速度。 詞匯拓展 uncover 揭露，發(fā)現(xiàn) date back 追溯 unambiguous 清楚的，明白的 analysis 分析 canyon 峽谷 postdate 填遲的日期 I. Comprehension1. The finding on Mars may _.2. This passage can be adapted from _.3. The discovery of the lake on Mars is one of facts that there can exist _ on Mars by far.4. What can scientists estimate about the Mars from the discovery?5. How many years do scientists believe that surface of the Mars has a history of？6. When did the newly discovered lake on Mars form according to the passage?7. What may deltas next to the lake provide for people?II. Translation1. 火星上湖的發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了巨大轟動。 （discovery）2. 她在電影業(yè)中創(chuàng)造了一個成功的事業(yè)。 （carve out）3. 科學(xué)家已推算出世界人口在本世紀(jì)末將要增加一倍。 （calculate）4. 他答應(yīng)四點鐘來，課可是六點鐘才到。 （appear）KEYS:.1. evidence of life billions of years ago 2. Geological Science3. shore lines4. Science can estimate the size, the volume, and the history of the lake and so on.5. About 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years.6. The newly discovered lake is believed to dare from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years.7. Deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars.1. The new discovery of the lake on Mars caused a great sensation.2. She carved out a very successful career in the film industry.3. Scientists have calculated that the worlds population will double by the end of the century.4. He promised to be here at four oclock but didnt appear until six.（B）UCLA scientists report for the first time on the only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic calls whose frequencies are too high to be heard by humans. Known asHuia cavitympanum, the frog lives only on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo.Ultrasounds are high-pitched sounds more than 20 kilohertz (kHz)in frequency,which exceeds the upper limit of sounds detectable by humans and is far higher than the 5 to 8 kHz frequencies most amphibians, reptiles and birds are capable of hearingor producing. Key parts of the ear must be specially adapted to detect ultrasounds.The frogs can hear sounds up to 38 kilohertz, the highest frequency any amphibian species has been known to hear, the scientists report. Humans can hear up to about 20 kHz and typically talk at2 or3 kHz.While most of the more than 5,000 frog species worldwide have eardrums that are flat on the side of the head, Huia cavitympanum has eardrums recessed in the side of the skull, similar to mammals.Peter Narins, UCLA distinguished professor of physiological science and of ecology and evolutionary biology, and Victoria Arch, a UCLA graduate student in ecology and evolutionary biology, spent several nightsin the remote area where the frogs live.We had very little information suggesting that they would be in this location, said Arch, lead author of the study. We found them our first night out.The study was published April 29 in the online journal PLoSONE, a publication of the Public Library of Science, and is available at /10.1371/jounal.pone.0005413.批注：此篇文章較短，但是難度較大，首先要鼓勵學(xué)生去讀，很多學(xué)生對科普類的會比較害怕，要告訴學(xué)生如何去做這類文章，掌握相關(guān)的技巧和方法。詞匯拓展species 物種，種類 ultrasonic 超聲的；超音波的，超音速的 exceed 超過；超越adapt to 適應(yīng) amphibian 兩棲動物 distinguished 杰出的I. Comprehension 1. Huia cavitympanum live _.2. This kind of newly found frog can hear each other with up to _ kHz ultrasounds.3. If people can hear ultrasounds as frogs do, they should be equipped with _.4. According to the passage how do you think the result of study comes?5. Where do you think this passage probably appears?II. Translation 1. 這首詩流露出作者對我們祖國的熱愛之情。 （communicate）2. 這家人都是老弱病殘，完全靠救濟(jì)生活。 （live on）3. 這家旅館可供達(dá)500位來賓住宿。 （up to）4. 早期的報告暗示會議可能在周日召開。 （suggest） key:only on the Southeast Asian island of Borneomore than 38a pair of good enough ears like frogs.I think that the result of the study is obtained with difficultyI think that this passage probably appears on the website.This poem communicates the authors enthusiasm about our motherland.The family are all the old and weak and completely live on relief.The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.Earlier reports suggested that the meeting would be held on Sunday.（C）Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.That may seem like bad news, said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in DetroitHowever, he explained，the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the reserve hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researches found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage, Coffey said. People lose （on average） 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood. There is, however, a remarkable range of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.詞匯拓展deterioration 惡化；變壞；退化；墮落 withstand 經(jīng)受，承受cognitive 認(rèn)知的；認(rèn)識的 in essence 本質(zhì)上shrinkage 收縮，皺縮 diabetes 糖尿病1. What will not happen if people receive more education?A. Their fluid i