八年級(jí)上-一般過(guò)去時(shí)的講解.doc

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的講解 一 教學(xué)目標(biāo)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)二 教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)（用法、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則等） 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do一般過(guò)去時(shí)的講解三 教學(xué)步驟：（一）般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念 一般過(guò)去時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年，等。（二）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)（可分三類(lèi)不同的結(jié)構(gòu)） 1.Be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí) 在沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞， am is 的過(guò)去式為was; are的過(guò)去式為were肯定句式：主語(yǔ) + be(was , were) + 其它.否定句式：主語(yǔ) + be(was , were) + not + 其它.一般疑問(wèn)句：Be(was , were) + 主語(yǔ) + 其它？注：在這種構(gòu)成中，be動(dòng)詞有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)選用was / were。Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。2. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，否定句和疑問(wèn)句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和 does 的過(guò)去式 did.肯定句式：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去式）+ 其它否定句式：主語(yǔ) + didnt + 動(dòng)詞（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didnt】一般疑問(wèn)句：Did + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞（原形）+ 其它【do , does的過(guò)去時(shí)均為did】？注：1. did和didnt 是構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞，其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動(dòng)詞的原形。 2. 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的一般過(guò)去時(shí) I do my homework every day.(用yesterday改寫(xiě)句子)I did my homework yesterday.I didnt do my homework yesterday.(否定句)Did you do your homework yesterday？Yes ,I did. /No, I didnt.(一般疑問(wèn)句)3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)與含有Be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，是十分相似，請(qǐng)注意觀察。 肯定句式：主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 其它否定句式：主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其它.一般疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 其它？注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。 4.特殊疑問(wèn)句式： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)詞+do/does過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？What was your former name？ 你以前叫什么名字？Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他為什么遲到？What could she do twenty years ago？ 20年前她能做什么？（三） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的判斷標(biāo)志詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的判斷標(biāo)志詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的判斷標(biāo)志詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的判斷標(biāo)志詞 yesterday , the day before yesterday , last + 時(shí)間 , this morning 時(shí)間 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間 , 注意：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often經(jīng)常， always總是，once a week一周一次，等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（四）規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式1.一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed。 looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-d。 livelived useused taste-tasted3.以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 ed。 studystudied trytried flyflied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)（即輔音元音輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 ed。 stopstopped planplanned stop-stopped preferpreferred5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶。 如：am(is)-was, are-were（是）, become _became (成為) go-went（走）, （買(mǎi)） buy -bought， sell-sold(賣(mài)）come-came（來(lái)）, take-took（拿）, have (has)-had（有）， begin（開(kāi)始）-began, bring（拿來(lái)）-brought, can（能）-could, catch（捉?。?caught, cut（砍，割）-cut, do/does（做，干）-did, draw（畫(huà)畫(huà),拉）-drew, drink（喝）-drank, drive（駕駛）-drove, eat（吃）-ate, fall（跌倒，落下）-fell, feel（感覺(jué)）-felt, fly（飛）-flew, get（獲得）-got, give（給）-gave, grow（生長(zhǎng)）-grew, keep（保持）-kept, know（知道，認(rèn)識(shí)）-knew, learn（學(xué)習(xí)）-learnt, leave （離開(kāi)）-left, let（讓?zhuān)?let, lie（躺，平放）-lay, make（使得，做）-made, may（可以）-might, must（必須）-must, read（讀）-read, ride （騎）-rode, ring （鳴鈴）-rang, run（跑）-ran, say 說(shuō)）-said, see （看見(jiàn)）-saw, sell （賣(mài)）-sold, send（送）-sent, set （放）-set, sing（唱歌）-sang, sit （坐）-sat, sleep （睡覺(jué)）-slept, speak（說(shuō)話）-spoke, spend （花費(fèi)）-spent, stand （站立）-stood, swim （游泳）-swam, teach（教）-taught, tell （告訴）-told, think（認(rèn)為）-thought, throw（投擲）-threw, understand（懂得）-understood, wear（穿）-wore, will（將要）-would, win（獲勝）-won, (彎曲) bend -bent, blow -blew(吹)，選擇 choose chose ，（五）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside. 我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常在河邊散步。 敘述過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事 She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床，提水，打掃房間然后出去散步。（六）課后練習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)題，.請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween. 44. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.1. 9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week. 10. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?11. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.12. Gao Shan _ (put) up the picture last night.13. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday.1. 14. 14. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? 15. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.16. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.17. I listened but _ (hear) nothing.18. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?II. 改錯(cuò)題1How is Jane yesterday? _2He go to school by bus last week. _3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _4I can fly kites seven years ago. _5.Did you saw him just now. _三、按要求變換句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑問(wèn)句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his room just now. （劃線提問(wèn)） What_ he _?3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week. （劃線提問(wèn)） _ _ _ family _ last week?1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last