英語專業(yè)八級歷年真題翻譯題答案.doc

1)1996C-E原文：在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會，冷餐會是廣交朋友的好機會。在這種場合陌生人相識，如果是亞洲人，他們往往開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對方，這好像是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國人一般卻都不大主動遞送名片，雙方見面寒暄幾句，甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開，只有當雙方談話投機，希望繼續(xù)交往時，才會主動掏出名片。二話不說先遞名片反倒顯得有些勉強。注釋：酒會wine part/cocktail part 冷餐會buffet reception/part; cold dish part是This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.（）這是大勢所趨，人心所向）/Innovation sustains the progress of a nation.(創(chuàng)新是一個民族進步的靈魂) 畢恭畢敬地very respectfully/politely名片name card/calling card/visitingcard/business card呈遞present/offer/hand over對方interlocutor/other side; other party;opposite side這好像是不可缺少的禮節(jié)This seems to be the required courtesy on their part（增詞）不可缺少的necessary; indispensable; essential; required禮節(jié)courtesy; formality; etiquette; ritual主動be ready with sth/take the initiative in doing sth/do sth on ones own initiative/do sth 0f ones own accord/offer to do sth/volunteer to do sth/being willing to do sth/do sth willingly/voluntarily遞送名片/掏出名片exhange (ones) cards寒暄幾句exchange routine/conventional greatings; greet each other; make small talk海闊天空地聊一番chat freely/randomly/casually/aimlessly about any topic; talk about anything各自走開excuse oneself; simply walk away談話投機talk agreeably; become deely engrossed/engaged/involved in the conversation; like each other二話不說先遞名片反倒顯得有些勉強It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way/It would seem somehow bizarre if a person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.參考譯文：In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.E-C英譯漢原文：It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.注釋：backdrop: background. hospitable: favorable. lavishly: abundantly/ pentifully/generously. top-flight: first classstaff競選班子參考譯文：這應(yīng)該不是件難事。這都是些跟著里根多年、久經(jīng)沙場的老將，他們跟共和黨則有更深厚的淵源，是這個國家里最熟悉總統(tǒng)政治的人。競選的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美國上下一片和平，美國經(jīng)濟這一競選要素也在經(jīng)過一段時間的衰退之后開始強勁反彈。此外，這次競選本身得到了慷慨資助，因此有充裕的資用于組織一流的競選班子、支付巡回演講和電視廣告的費用。而最重要的一點是，他們的候選人是羅納德里根，他可是位極具個人魅力和溝通技巧的總統(tǒng)。自約翰F肯尼迪總統(tǒng)以來，里根是最成功地勾勒出美國藍圖的總統(tǒng)：一個軍事力量復(fù)興、富有個人進取心、聯(lián)邦政府得以精簡的國家。2)1997原文：來美國求學的中國學生與其他亞裔學生一樣，大多非常刻苦勤奮，周末也往往會抽出一天甚至兩天的時間去實驗室加班，因而比起美國學生來，成果出得較多。我的導師是亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學生勤奮與扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識，也特別了解亞裔學生的心理。因此，在他實驗室所招的學生中，除有一名來自德國外，其余5位均是亞裔學生。他干脆在實驗室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時至晚12時，工作時間必須全力以赴?！边@位導師的嚴格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位學生被招進他的實驗室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮接受了導師的資助，從此開始了艱難的求學旅程。注釋：求學make a further study; pursue a further education亞裔of Asian origin/descent;Asian抽出spend; spare加班work overtime; work extra hours/shifts; do extra/overtime work成果出得較多produce/achieve/make more academic achievements/fruits; be more academically fruitful/productive導師superivsor /advisor/tutor嗜煙好酒be a heavy smoker and drinker; smoked and drank heavily; be addicted to cigarettes and alcohols脾氣暴躁be hot-tempered; have a violent/fiery/sharp/irritable temper; quick-/short-tempered; with a fiery temper; in bad temper勤奮diligence; industry; hard work扎實strong (knowledge); solid (foundation); sound; down-to-earth; steady心理pschology; mentality; mind; what one has in his mind招enroll; admit; recruit干脆simply; even貼put up(a singborad); paste (a notice)醒目eye-catching; striking; conspicuous招牌notice; sign; sing borad助研research assistant工作時間working hours; work hours; working time全力以赴nothing but work; spare no efforts (to work); exert oneself (to work); do ones utmost/best; go all out (to work) 嚴格strictness; rigor; severity; stringency; rigidity苛刻harshness; sternness; severity不顧disregard; ignore; in defiance of; in spite of; regardless of; turn a deaf ear to; without giving any thought to勸阻dissuasion硬著頭皮force oneself to do sth (against ones own will); do sth against ones own will); brace oneself to do sth (against ones will); toughen ones scalp; take courage; put a bold face on it; summon up courage參考譯文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.原 文：Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.注釋：abdicate (ab-: away from/from off/apart; -dicat-: proclaim. e.g. abnormal/abductlead + away誘拐/劫持)參考譯文：聆聽歌劇，無疑昂貴至極。但是，昂貴的事物并非必定屬于富人的范疇，除非我們放棄社會的選擇權(quán)。我們可以選擇去使歌劇以及其他某些昂貴的文化形式也能為那些不具備個人支付能力的人所享受。但問題是，我們有必要這么做嗎？沒人會否認食物、居所、防護、健康與教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前時代的洞穴中，人類伸出手來，早就不單純是為了吃、喝或搏殺，而且亦進行繪畫創(chuàng)作。人類對于文化的沖動，通過形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來表現(xiàn)并探索世界的欲望，乃亙古有之。在歐洲，這一欲望在我們的音樂、藝術(shù)、文學和戲劇杰作中尋找到了其實現(xiàn)形式。這些杰作構(gòu)成了我們?nèi)颗Φ脑嚱鹗?。作為試金石，它們能衡量出人類的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它們攜帶著最寓意深刻的主題，可在人類彼此間相互傳遞。3)1998原 文：這次到臺灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀的強盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀之交的偉大時代，我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強，海峽兩岸人民也將加強交流，共同推進祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀之交的寶貴機遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺?？缡兰o青年一代應(yīng)該用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀，這是我們必須回答的問題。注釋：訪問交流(the present/current) visit (to Taiwan) for exchange (注意詞語間邏輯關(guān)系，漢語意合，英語形合) 看了不少地方has enabled us to see many places/we have seen many places(注意漢語中主語的省略，漢語意合) 中華民族在21世紀的強盛how the Chinese nation can become powerful and prosperous/the powerfulness and prosperity of the Chinese nation/how to make the Chinese nation strong and prosperous in the 21th century/how to make the Chinese nation strong and prosperous大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture/on the very bottom of their hearts is engravedtheir hearts are deeply engraved with a mark of the fine traditions of the Chinese culture/ the fine traditions of the Chinese culture are deeply impressed inscribed on their mind is deeply rooted in their mind/ the fine traditions of the Chinese culture are firmly born in their hearts振興中華invigorate/rejuvenate/revitalize/develop vigorously the Chinese nation共同理想same dream/common ideal世紀之交/跨世紀at the turn of the century/at the transitional phase between the two millennia走向繁榮富強on the way road to greater strength and prosperity/sriding deveeloping toward greater prosperity/becoming more powerful and prosperous歷史前臺the foreground forefront of the historical arena stage 用什么樣的姿態(tài)in what way we should embrace/what attitude we should have/take to welcome/meet參考譯文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.Section B原 文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive overphrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent e. g. in painting and music they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.參考譯文：在某種程度上，我同我心目中的英語讀者的觀點一致。美國文學史家看待美國文壇的觀念也許過于狹隘，誤把顯著性當作獨特性，他們實在是過于夸耀自己的文學，也就是美國文學中那些并非舉足輕重的作家。美國人總是在兩種極端之間來回搖擺：一方面是炫耀自己文學時的那種咄咄逼人之勢；一方面卻是那種同樣令人遺憾的對英國文學的盲目模仿。而英國人對自己文學的評價也多少有些偏頗。而且，即使在他們成就并不顯著的領(lǐng)域，如繪畫和音樂，他們同樣在兩種極端之間擺動：一方面吹噓本國作品；一方面又模仿歐陸作品。有多少英國繪畫竭力使人覺得它們是在巴黎創(chuàng)作的，而我們讀到的多少文章竟吹噓它們是“英國傳統(tǒng)”的真正代表。那么，要談?wù)撁绹膶W，倒并非意欲斷言，它與歐洲文學全然大相徑庭。廣而言之，美國與歐洲一直同步發(fā)展，協(xié)調(diào)一致。在任何一個特定的時刻，旅行者在兩地均能目睹同一樣式的建筑實例，相同款式的服飾，書架上相同的書籍。在大西洋兩岸，思想如同人員與貨物往來一樣自由交流，盡管有時會略顯遲緩。當我提及美國式的習慣、思想等概念時，我意欲在“美國式的”這一詞匯之前加上某種限定，因為歐美（尤其是英美）之間的差異往往只是程度上的差異而已，并且有時候僅僅只是微乎其微的一點程度差異而已。差異的多寡是件極為微妙的事情，這極容易使一個英國人在審視美國時大惑不解。他所審視的那個國家，從某些重要的意義上來說，誕生于他自己的國家，并在某些方面仍與他自己的國家相差無幾然而，它卻實實在在是一個異邦。兩者間存在著某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感；親緣關(guān)系已讓位于一種突如其來的異化與疏遠，這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著馬路向另一個人打招呼，結(jié)果卻從這個人漠無表情的反應(yīng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們原來竟將一個陌生人誤認為我們的熟人。4)1999Section A原 文：溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策?？梢哉f，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時間長短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。注釋：溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶the glory/splendor /prosperity/brilliance of Vancouver has been achived through the wisdom/intelligence and industry / hard work / diligence of its her people/ is the fruit/product/ achievement/cristalization of the Vancouver people多民族multi-national /multi-ethnic/different nationalities/many ethnic groups/multinationalities加拿大地廣人稀sparsely populated, Canada has vast territory/Canda has a vast territroy with a small popution/Canada is large in territory but small in population with much land and few people; small population for a large area; vast and sparsely populated area 吸收attract加拿大長期奉行的國策a national policy long cherished by Canada/ a long-term state policy observed/practised/followed by Canda不同的只是時間長短而已differing only in the length of time they have settled inVancouver/ the only difference is the time屈指可數(shù)very few/can be counted on ones finger/be rare不是在本地出生的non-natives/not locals natives 使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地making/rendering Vancouver the largest place/settlement/region/community beyond / outside Asia where the Chinese live / which the Chinese inhabit參考譯文：The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups. Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million. Consequently, to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada. All Canadians except the American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouvers economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only, rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia which the Chinese inhabit.Section B原 文：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.注釋：propitiate comfort/soothe/appeasegather the redemptive influence of offspring希望孩子也能像他們一樣生兒育女，把香火傳下去，redem