英語輔導(dǎo)(2) 英語句子的構(gòu)成(一).doc

英語句子的構(gòu)成（一） -從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看一、英語句子的構(gòu)成？（宏觀-英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。）1、主語：句子所敘述的主體。（往往指人或物單詞（名詞/代詞）；動詞短語短語；主語從句句子，講一件事）1）During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2）We often speak English in class.3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4）To swim in the river （動作作主語）is a great pleasure. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 5）Playing basketball （動作作主語）is exciting. 6）When we are going to have an English test（句子作主語，叫主語從句。） has not been decided.2、謂語：主語發(fā)出的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)動作行為動詞1) I never get up early on Sundays.2) My father went to Beijing last Sunday.3) The teacher visited our school.狀態(tài)連系動詞1)She is very beautiful.2)He is a student.3)I will be a teacher in the future.3、一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（并列主語或者是并列謂語）簡單句1）He often reads English in the morning.2）Tom and Mike are American boys.3）She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.4）He ate the food and drank the beer.5）Hearing the bad news, she began to cry.（簡單句） 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語（短語作） = When she heard the bad news, she began to cry.狀語從句作狀語（句子作）She heard the bad news. She began to cry.（兩個簡單句）She heard the bad news, and then she began to cry.（并列句）4、兩個或者兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)？（并列句或者復(fù)合句）（并列句and/but/so）：并列的關(guān)系，而不只是并列意思。經(jīng)常用的有并列意思and；轉(zhuǎn)折意思but；因果意思so。1）You help him and he helps you.2）My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.3）He felt tired, so he went to bed early. 4）The future is bright；the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。（復(fù)合句=連詞 + 句子）名詞性從句：起著名詞的作用的從句。賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。由于他們的性質(zhì)基本相同，起名詞作用，他們的基本用法是一樣的。1）They will go to Beijing.（簡單句）2）We know that they will go to Beijing.（賓語從句）3）That they will go to Beijing is known to all.（主語從句） = It（形式主語） is known to all that they will go to Beijing. 4）The plan is that they will go to Beijing.（表語從句）5) They have decided a plan that they will go to Beijing.They have decided a plan =that they will go to Beijing.（同位語從句）對比：This is the plan that they have made. （定語從句）同位語：解釋名詞，對名詞作出說明。 Liangziqi，= a polite boy, is popular with us. Yang chun,= a beautiful city, is my hometown. 定語：修飾名詞，將名詞的范圍縮小。polite boyboy The polite boy is Liangziqi.定語從句：1)The film which I saw last night is very interesting. （定語從句）2)I will never forget the days when we stayed together. （定語從句）狀語從句：1）The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（時間狀語從句）2）He started as soon as he received the news. （時間狀語從句）3）He didnt go to school because he was ill . （原因狀語從句）4）If it doesnt rain tomorrow, he will go for a pinic.（條件狀語從句）5）Though he is a child, he knows a lot. （讓步狀語從句）備注：一個長的句子有可能既有并列句也有復(fù)合句或者有多個并列句或者復(fù)合句。結(jié)論：1）、X（謂語時態(tài)的數(shù)量）- 1（主干的謂語） = 連詞數(shù)量（并列句和復(fù)合句的連詞）2）、簡單句的規(guī)則：1（只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)即一個謂語(并列謂語)時態(tài)）+N（非謂語動詞的數(shù)量沒有限制。）英語中動詞的使用：英語中動詞的使用是有著非常大的規(guī)律。是英語語法的重點(diǎn)。1. 作謂語：使用時態(tài)。2. 不作謂語：使用非謂語動詞形式：doing；to do；done5、初步運(yùn)用：從結(jié)構(gòu)上去分析句子對錯：1）Mr Green has two sons, both of them are teachers.（結(jié)構(gòu)錯）Mr Green has two sons. Both of them are teachers.Mr Green has two sons，and both of them are teachers.Mr Green has two sons，both of whom are teachers.2）He rides a bike go to s