英語中數(shù)字的表達(dá)和用法.doc

我們生活在數(shù)的世界里，每時每刻都與各種數(shù)字打交道。從人口數(shù)量、價格、速度、高度、產(chǎn)量、時刻、年代、日期到比例、溫度、銀行賬號、電話號碼，生活中充滿了數(shù)字，正因?yàn)槿绱?，?shù)字與計算在英語聽力教學(xué)中占有相當(dāng)?shù)谋戎亍Ｅ囵B(yǎng)自己的耳朵對英文數(shù)字保持敏感是聽力訓(xùn)練中一項(xiàng)必不可少的基本功。那么怎樣才能快捷有效地掌握這一技能呢?我們應(yīng)從掌握數(shù)字的正確讀法開始。能流利地讀出各種數(shù)字是記憶數(shù)字的前提。(1)基數(shù)詞的讀法我們先從基數(shù)詞人手。首先掌握三位以內(nèi)數(shù)字的讀法，因?yàn)樗嵌辔粩?shù)字的基礎(chǔ)，一旦熟練掌握，再借助一個逗號，便可輕松應(yīng)付四位以上任何龐大的數(shù)字。我們可以通過例子來說明這一點(diǎn)。3-5位數(shù)的讀法202讀作：two hundred(and)two234讀作：two hundred(and)thirty-four1， 234讀作：one thousand two hundred(and)thirty four但是在讀法上須注意以下幾點(diǎn)：a在英式英語中，一個數(shù)的最后兩位(十位和個位)得用and，但美式英語中則不用。如：3，077讀作：US：three thousand seventy-sevenb不定冠詞a只在數(shù)的開頭才和hundred，thousand等連用。試比較：146讀作：ahundred(and)forty-six2，146讀作：twothousand，one hundred(and)forty sixc.1，000這個整數(shù)我們說athousand，在and前我們也說a thousand，但是在一個有百位數(shù)的數(shù)目前就得說one thousand試比較：1,031讀作：a thousand，(and)thirty-one,1,150讀作：one thousand，one hundred(and)fiftyd.hundred，thousand和million這幾個詞的單數(shù)可以和：a者one連用，但是不能單獨(dú)使用。在非正式文體中a比較常見；當(dāng)我們說話比較準(zhǔn)確的時候就用one試比較：I Want to live for a hundred yearsThe journey took exactly one hundred dayse.我們常常說eleven hundred(1，100)，twelve hundred(1,200)等，而不說one thous and one hundred從1，100到1,900之間的整數(shù)，這種說法最常見。5位以上數(shù)字的讀法11，234讀作：eleven thousand two hundred(and)，thirty-four155,721讀作：one hundred(and)fifly-fivethous and seven hundred(and)twenty-one6，155，702讀作：six million one hundred(and)fifly-five thous and seven hundred and two26，000，008讀作：twenty-six million and eight326，414，718讀作：three hundred(and)twenty-six mil-lion，four hundred(and)four teen thous and，seven hundred(and)eigh-teen4，302，000，000讀作：four billion three hundred(and)two million由以上一組數(shù)字可以看出，多位數(shù)由右向左每3位有一逗號，這個逗號的作用非同小可，在記憶數(shù)字時，它可以幫我們很大的忙!逆向第一個逗號讀thousand；向左再推三位，第二個逗號讀million；第三個逗號讀billion；第四個逗號就是trillion。這幾個逗號的作用在于，當(dāng)我們聽到若干thousand時，立即寫下這個數(shù)，并在其后打一個逗號，并留出3位；當(dāng)聽到若干million，則寫下數(shù)字，并在其后打一逗號，留出6位；聽到若干billion，方法同上，在后面留出9位，后面的million、thousand依此法類推，讓所有數(shù)字各就其位。例如，當(dāng)你聽到twenty thous and andfour寫出20，and four意為后一組僅有個位，即：004，那么，這個數(shù)字完整地寫下來就是20，004；若聽到six million twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-three，則第一步先寫：6，020，再將最后一組423寫在第一個逗號后面。完整的翠字為6，020，423。若聽到One billion，one hundred and four million，twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-three：主第一步寫出1，104，第二步接下去寫第三組020，第三步二寫423，這樣得到的完整數(shù)字便是 1，104，020，423，由此：見這個三位一逗號的作用有多大。只要我們在平時的訓(xùn)練中加強(qiáng)對三位數(shù)讀寫的訓(xùn)練，能分辨ty與teen，并能借助這個不可缺少的逗號，無論數(shù)字多么大，也不會對我們造成障礙。Unit One Numbers 數(shù)字聽寫訓(xùn)練1.Look at the calendar below.Circle the birthdays that you hear.In my family there are seven people.My fathers birthday is on July 29th.My mthes birthday is on November 24th.My older sisters birthday is on May 14th.My older brothers birthday is on June 30th.My younger brothers birthday is on October 24st.My younger sisters is on April 10th,and my birthday is on December lst.2.Listen to the tape and write as much information in the chart as you can.Bart:Listen,Carolyn,I just remembered.I need to got to the bank to cash some travellers cheques.What time to they close?Carolyn:The bank close at three-thirty.Bart:It closes at three-thirty,right.Carolyn:And opens at nine-thirty.Bart:And opens at nine-thirty in he moming,ah thats good.And also-um-I need some stamps,to send some postcards.Um-what time does the post office close?Carolyn:Well,the post office doesnt close until five-thirty,so lyou have plenty of time.Bart:Yeah,thats no problem,right,OK,And-um-another question I had was-what is the best way to travel around London?Carolyn:Oh.buess are by far the best way to travel.Bart:Yeah,and do they run all night and.?Carolyn:Er-yes,as a matter of fact they do,they start at five.Bart:They start at five,yeah.Carolyn:.and run to midnigh.Bart:Yeah.Carolyn:.and then other buses run throughout the night until morning,finishing in the morning.Bart:OK,From special please,you mean?Carolyn:Yes.Bart:Yeah,right,Good,and what about the Underground,is that-er-the same?Carolyn:Undergrounds about th same.Bart:Yeah,starts at five and.Carolyn:Finishes at midnight.Bart:.finishes at midnight,right.Robin:You know,the only times you really need to get right are the pub opening times.arolyn:Pub licensing hours are ridiculous.They open about ten to ten-thirty,close at three,open in the afternoon about five-thirty,and close again at eleven p.m.Bart:Eleven!Carolyn:Yes,eleven!Bart:You mean I cant drink after eleven oclock?Carolyn:No.Bart:Oh,thats amazing!I.I cant believe that!Number threeLook at the pictures.You will hear people talking about when five ofthe situations shown below will take place.Match the conversations with the correct pictures and write down when they will be.Sue:By the way,Aidan,can you tell me when the French history exam is?Aidan:Its next week on Tuesday,a week today but theres a notice up for it if you have a look.Fred:Oh,by the way,what times that meeting on Monday?Julie:Oh,its in the afternoon.Three oclck.Fred:Right.Mechanic:Hello.Mr Cowin:Hello,Im phoning about my car.Mechanic:Er,Whats the name,sir?Mr Cowin:Em.Cowin.Mechanic:Cowin,just a minute.Ah,yes,Er,should be ready late tomorrow.Bob:Whens the talk?Jenny:Its next Wednesday,its been changed.Isla St.Clair:Isla St.Clair here and I just want to tell you that this Saturday morning on BRMBI ll be on the radio with Ed Doolan and the team just after eight oclock.Hope you can join us.Number 4Listen to the tape and fill in the missing information in this table.A British Rail.Exeter.B Is that a real person or a recorded message Im speaking to?A Im real,madam.B Thank goodness for that! I want to get to Oxford as early as possible tomorrow morning.A Theres a train that leaves Exeter at 7:07,arriving at Reading at 9:04.B Oh dear,thats very early!A The next train is not until 8:45.B In that case Id better take the early one.A You have to change at Reading,and your connection will arrive in Oxford at 9:55.B How much is a single?A Second class?B Yes,please.A Its 19.15.B Thank you very much.Nnmber 2A National Express.B Oh,youve answered at last!A Im sorry sir,were very busy.Can I help you?B I want to get to Heathrow Airport tomorrow morning from Bath.I have to be here at 12:30.Which coach should I catch?A Theres coach that leaves Bath at 10:45,which gets to Heathrow at 12:40.B No,thats bit tight,Im afraid.What times the one before that?A They run every hour,so you should take the 9:45 in that case.B And whats the return fare,please?A 12.75.B Thats all I need to know.Thanks very much.A All Mini Cabs.B Can you tell me how much you would charge for a trip to Gatwick Airport?A When do you wan to go?B Well,its a night flight leaving at 11:45 so I have to be there an hour beforehand.How long does it take to get to Gatwick from here?A About 40 minutes,Just a minute,Ill work out the price.Thatll be 26.B Fine,Can you pick me up at ten oclock tonight then?No,youd better make it a quarter to ten,to be on the safe side,A Right,your name and address please?Number 5Write the numbers that you hearPopulationHere are the latest population figures.There are about 56 million people living in the United Kingdom.There are around 230 million people living in the United States.There are about 15 million people living in Australia.There are nearly 24,4 million people living in Canada.There are about 3,1 million people living people in New Zealand.There are about 268 million people living in the USSR.There are about 800 million people living int India.There are around I billion people living in China.DistanceHere are some figures relating to distance.Its about 8,300 km from New Youk to London.Its about 15,800 km from New York to Tokyo.Its around 19,200 km from New York to Beijing.Its about 12,700 km from New York to Moscow.Its about 17,500 km from New York to Sydney.Areas(figures in this passage are only for lisening comprehension)Here are some figures indicating area.The size Canada is about 3,8 million square miles.The size of the USSR is 8.6 million square mi