高中語法介詞講解及練習

介詞表時間的介詞1 at, on, inat表示“在某一時刻，某一時點”I get up at 6:00 every day. at daybreak在黎明；at noon在中午；at night在夜間；at Christmas在圣誕節(jié)期間；at the age of five在五歲時on表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. We dont have classes on Sunday. in表示“在某世紀、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上in the 20th century；in 1999；in winter；in September；in the morning/afternoon/evening 2 for, during, throughfor后接“一段時間”，表示某事持續(xù)多久，多與完成時連用She has been ill for several days.during表示“在期間”I went to France for two weeks during the summerthrough表示“一直，自始至終”They worked hard through the winter.3 from, sincefrom表示“時間的起點”，常見短語“fromto/till”You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. since表示“自從以來（暗示直到現(xiàn)在）He has been away from home since 1973. We have known each other since ten years ago. for和since都常與完成時連用，但for接時間段，since接時間點。如for two hours；since last week4 before, by, till, untilbefore指“在之前”，與after相對Please come before ten oclock.by指“不遲于，到時為止，在以前”We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. by后接過去時間，常與過去完成時連用；by后接將來時間，常與將來完成時連用till (until) “直到為止”You must wait for him till tomorrow. 在肯定句中，till/until必須與延續(xù)動詞連用；在否定句中，till/until常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用I didnt go to bed until 12 oclock. 5 after, in, withinafter表示“在之后”，是before的反義詞He got a cancer and died after a year. The meeting will end after 3:00pm. within“在時間之內(nèi)”I can finish it within an hour. after與in都可表示“在之后”，但after后可跟時間段，也可跟時間點；而in后必須跟時間段。after既可用于將來時，也可用于過去時，而in只能用于將來時。Ill arrive in an hour. 表地點的介詞1 in, outside, between, amongin在里面She put her book in the desk. outside在外面What did you see outside the hall? between在之間（指二者）The building stands between the park and the small river. among在之間（指多者）“There is a thief among you. ” the policeman shouted to the crowd. among后往往接籠統(tǒng)的人和事物，若需接具體的人或數(shù)目時，即使是指多者，也用between，此時一般有and連接，可理解為多者中任何兩者之間。Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 2 on, above, over, below, under on表示“在上面”，表面相互接觸 There is a book on the desk. above表示“在上方，位置高出”，與below相對The Turners live above us. over表示“在正上方”，與under相對。The picture is hanging over the blackboard. below表示“在下方，低于”Her skirt reaches just below her knees. under表示“在正下方”They sat under a big tree, drinking. 3 near, by, besidenear表示“在附近”My home is near the school. by = beside, 表示“靠近，在旁邊”，比near距離更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema. 4 in front of, behind, aroundin front of表示“在前面”，指在外部There is a tall tree in front of our classroom. 比較：in the front of表示“在前部”，指在內(nèi)部There is a red chair in the front of the room. behind表示“在后面”A high building stands behind the village. around表示“在周圍，圍繞”There are many trees around the village. 5 from, to, for, into, out offrom表示“從”She will fly from Beijing to Hongkong. to表示“到”，指目的地They got to the town very late. for表示“去，向”，指方向或去向The train for shanghai has been away. towards僅指朝著某個方向，不一定是目的地；to指到目的地；for指向目的地，且常用于leave for; start for等固定搭配中into表示“進入”The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 比較：into由外進入到里面，是動態(tài)的；而in是指靜態(tài)的位置。out of表示“從出來”They pulled him out of the water. 比較：out of是指從里面出來，是動態(tài)的；而outside是指靜態(tài)的位置6 along, across, through, overalong表示“沿著”街、路、河岸等線形物There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the street. across表示“橫穿”某一平面，或“橫過”某一線形物Pipes carry oil across the desert. Its dangerous to run across the busy road. through指從某物的內(nèi)部“穿過”It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. over指“越過”某一障礙物The bear went over the mountain. 7 at, inat指較小的地方，如車站、家等；而in多指在較大地方，如國家、城市、大洲等Please wait for me at the bus station. The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 8 on the other side of, across, overThey live on the other side of/over/across the street. 表方位的介詞1 in 表示在某地范圍之內(nèi) Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.2 to 表示在某地范圍之外Japan is/lies to the east of China. 3 on 表示與某地相鄰或接壤Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 表計量的介詞1 at表示“以速度”“以價格”It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. I sold my car at a high price. 2 for表示“用交換，以為代價”He sold his car for 500 dollars. at表示單價(price) ，for表示總錢數(shù)3. by表示“以計”，后跟度量單位They paid him by the month. Here eggs are sold by weight. 表材料的介詞1 of成品仍可看出原料This box is made of paper. 2 from成品已看不出原料Wine is made from grapes. 3 in表示用某種材料或語言Please fill in the form in pencil first. They talk in English. 表工具或手段的介詞1 by用某種方式，多用于交通by bus by e-mail. 表示搭乘交通工具時，用by時不用冠詞，用in時要用冠詞I went there by bus/in a bus. 2 with表示“用某種工具”He broke the window with a stone. with表示用某種工具時，必須用冠詞或物主代詞3 on表示“以方式”，多用于固定詞組They talked on the telephone. She learns English on the radio/on TV. 表關于的介詞1 of僅是提到或談到過某人或某事He spoke of the film the other day. He thought about this matter yesterday. 2 about指“關于”某人或某事物的較詳細的情況Can you tell me something about yourself? 3 on指“關于”學術性的或嚴肅的事Its a textbook on the history of china. 表原因或理由的介詞1 for表示原因，常與sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等詞連用I am sorry for what I said to you. 2 at指情感變化的原因，意為“因聽到或看到而”He was surprised at the news. 3 from指“外在的原因”，如受傷、車禍等He died from the wound. 4 of指“內(nèi)在的原因”，如病、餓等The old man died of hunger. 5 with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger. 6 by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結果的原因Her body was bent by age.She took your umbrella by mistake. 7 because of 表示引起結果的直接原因He retired last month because of illness/because he ill. 8 owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因Owing to the rain they could not come. 9 thanks to表示引起某種幸運結果的原因，常譯為“幸虧，多虧”Thanks to John, we won the game. 10 out of表示動機的起因，常譯為“出于”He asked the question out of curiosity. 11 through多表示因局部而影響全局的原因The war was lost through bad organization. 表好像或當作的介詞1 like表示“像一樣”，其實不是Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 2. as表示“作為，以身份”，其實也是He talked to me as a father. as作連詞時，可表示“好像”。The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 表支持或反對的介詞against反對，for支持，互為反義詞Are you for my idea or against it? 11 表除某人某物外的介詞1 besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除外，還”Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football.。2 except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除去”Everyone is excited except me.All the visitors are Japanese except him. (A) except通常與表示全體的all, every連用；若與other連用，只能用besidesHe had other people to take care of besides me. (B) except是排除同類；而except for是排除非同類，常在說明基本情況后，從細節(jié)上加上修正The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. Exercise：1. _ the science exhibition, the art exhibition was also well designed, A. Except B. Besides C. Beside D. Except for 2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch _ writing often. A. with B. on C. by D. from3. Come and see me _ two or three days time. A. for B. after C. in . D. during4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan _ the foot of the mountain. A. on B. at C. in D. to5. The coffee shop is _ the street. A. on B. across C. in D. to6. His grandfather has been ill _ the last year. A, for B. since C. from D. after7. In this matter, Im sorry that I have to side _ you. A. at B. to C. against D. with8. We normally use the front entrance _ the building but there is another entrance _ the back. A. to, to B. at, at C. to, at D. of, in9. The police have said that there is no connection _ the murders. A. in B. for C. on D. between10. To my horror, I saw,_ my fathers shoulder, a gorilla. A. on B. above C. over D. from11. Everything is changing so fast these days, even young people find it difficult to _the time. A. get hold of B. be covered with C. get along with D. keep up with12. Many good books will be _ the new library. A. added B. added to C. added up to D. added up13. In his speech he _ to the great help the school received from the government.14. A. expressed B. explained C. referred D. whispered14. Its Sarahs birthday tomorrow. Will you _ me in buying a present for her?A. remember B. attend C. share D. join15. Youd better _ a doctor when you are sick. A. send for B. take up C. look up D. turn in16. The teacher told us to _ the book and answer some questions. A. look through, B. look on C. look into D. look up17. Don and Sherry _ the mountains for their vacation. A. called from B. fled from C. headed for D. looked for18. We were warned to _ out for strangers in the neighborhood. A. look B. run C. call D. set19. Im going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight, so I must be ready then. A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up20. Youd better _ your books after reading them. A. put up B. put on C. put down D. put away高考練習1. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by2. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_. A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many 3. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about4. Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _ financial aid. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of6. At the railway station ,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was_. A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place7. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon 8. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might _ for her, but now all her worries are gone. A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store9. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by10. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave_ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out11. Everything was perfect for the picnic _ the weather. A. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of12. Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _ A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all13. -When did you last hear _ Jay? -He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. A. of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on14. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank_ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to15. -Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? -Because the old one has been damaged_. A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description16. Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools _ further education. A. after B. in C. for D. on17. The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning