初中英語寫作技巧.doc

英語寫作技巧(一）初中英語寫作要領(lǐng)。書面表達(dá)，首先要抓住所給的提示，然后運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯、語法及句型，避繁就簡(jiǎn)，簡(jiǎn)明表達(dá)要講的內(nèi)容。那么，如何才能做好英語寫作題呢?這里介紹五個(gè)要訣以供參考。1. 緊扣中心;2. 意思連貫;3. 富于變化;4. 注意時(shí)態(tài);5. 不“生造”句子。書面表達(dá)是一項(xiàng)能夠充分考查學(xué)生語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的題型，一般來說，書面表達(dá)采取情景作文和控制作文兩種形式。情景作文多為看圖填詞、看圖寫話、看圖作文等形式，后者指根據(jù)所給條件進(jìn)行寫作的形式。以上兩種書面表達(dá)形式，都不同于自由寫作，都不允許同學(xué)們隨意發(fā)揮，更不許逐詞逐句地翻譯提示，而是要求考生抓住信息大意，用自己所學(xué)的、熟悉的語言進(jìn)行表達(dá)。所以，無論哪一種書面表達(dá)形式，都要求做到以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 緊扣題目，準(zhǔn)確、全面地表達(dá)出要點(diǎn)中規(guī)定的全部信息和內(nèi)容，不得遺漏;2. 表達(dá)正確，意思連貫，過渡自然;3. 格式正確，書寫規(guī)范，標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求。做好“書面表達(dá)”這道題，應(yīng)該從以下幾方面入手：一、 充分準(zhǔn)備，打好基礎(chǔ)為了提高書面表達(dá)水平，平時(shí)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)閱讀，應(yīng)背誦一些句型、段落、甚至短文。只要讀得多，背得多，就能出口成章，下筆成文。此外，還要了解英文寫作方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，掌握常用文體的寫作方法。其實(shí)，用英文寫信、記日記等都是學(xué)生力所能及且行之有效的練習(xí)寫作的好方法。二、 仔細(xì)審題，明確要求對(duì)題目所提供的信息要認(rèn)真分析，明確要求，做到心中有數(shù)。要對(duì)所提供的信息加以分析、整理，使之更加具體化、條理化，為開始動(dòng)筆做好準(zhǔn)備工作，還要搞清題目的要求，以便根據(jù)不同的題材、體裁，寫出不同格式，風(fēng)格各異的文章。此外，還要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、地點(diǎn)等信息，避免出錯(cuò)。三、 抓住重點(diǎn)，尋求思路根據(jù)題目所提供的信息，草擬提綱，尋求邏輯次序，確定如何下手。否則，語無倫次的文章將不會(huì)被人接受，也不可能得到高分。四、 遣詞造句，表達(dá)規(guī)范用詞要適當(dāng)，不可逐句把提示漢譯英，亦不可生拼硬湊，不要硬拿英語單詞到中文句子里去對(duì)號(hào)，否則寫出中文式英語，鬧出笑話。一般來講，寫作時(shí)，應(yīng)盡量選出你有把握的詞，盡量使用短句(簡(jiǎn)單句)。如果有的單詞不會(huì)寫，有的思想不會(huì)用英語表達(dá)，你可以設(shè)法繞開，最好找一個(gè)同義詞、同義句，或近義詞、詞組短語來代替。要正確使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如 and，or，but，so，because，since 等，以便行文自然流暢。除此之外，寫作時(shí)還要注意時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的各種句式的交替作用，使文章顯得得體，表達(dá)流暢。五、 修改潤(rùn)色，錦上添花作文寫完之后，應(yīng)注意檢查修改，修改時(shí)先從全局修改。首先要檢查主題是否明確，表達(dá)方式是否恰當(dāng)，接下來檢查所寫內(nèi)容是否切題，該交待的內(nèi)容是否交待了，最后檢查所用時(shí)態(tài)、人稱是否符合要求，最后是否一致。局部修改，也就是段落、句子水平上的修改。作局部修改時(shí)，要檢查段落是否完整，句子表達(dá)是否準(zhǔn)確，語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、移行、大小寫等方面是否有誤。另外，值得一提的是，考生修改時(shí)，一定要注意文章長(zhǎng)短(詞數(shù))是否達(dá)到了要求。為了便于辨認(rèn)，修改好后，還要認(rèn)真謄寫一遍，英語謄寫的基本要點(diǎn)如下:1. 四周應(yīng)留空。2. 標(biāo)題應(yīng)寫在第一行的中央。文章與標(biāo)題間空 2-3 行，除介詞、連詞、冠詞外，標(biāo)題中每一個(gè)實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母均應(yīng)大寫，但如果第一個(gè)單詞是介詞、連詞等，這個(gè)詞的第一個(gè)字母仍應(yīng)大寫。3. 段與段之間一般不空行，但每段第一行應(yīng)縮進(jìn) 4-5 個(gè)字母所占的位置。4. 書寫工整、規(guī)范，卷面整潔，詞間距要一致，盡量避免移行。5. 要?jiǎng)h掉一個(gè)詞時(shí)，用一條粗橫線劃掉，不要用括號(hào)括起來。謄寫完后，還應(yīng)仔細(xì)校閱 1-2 遍。校閱要逐詞逐句進(jìn)行，注意檢查語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、大小寫等方面的錯(cuò)誤。校閱是自檢的最后一關(guān)，應(yīng)嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的進(jìn)行，盡可能地消滅一切差錯(cuò)，增強(qiáng)文章的效果。經(jīng)過以上工作，最后呈現(xiàn)在評(píng)卷老師面前的應(yīng)該是一份干干凈凈、整整齊齊、主題突出、語言流暢、用詞恰當(dāng)?shù)淖魑?。（二）初中英語寫作中常見的十二種句型。帶下劃線的句子要求背誦。 句型(一)such+名詞性詞組+thatSo+形容詞/副詞+that如此以致例如：(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一個(gè)好老師，我們都愛她。(2)It was such a hot day that they didnt go out for a walk as usual.這么熱的天氣，他們沒有像往常一樣去散步。注意點(diǎn)：1.such+a+形容詞+名詞+that，可以改寫成：so+形容詞+a+名詞+that，例句(1)可以改寫成：She is so good a teacher that we all love her.2.在such+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+that結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞如果是many/few或much/little時(shí)，用so不用such，即：so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that，so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that(1)There are so many people in the room that I cant get in.房間里人太多，我進(jìn)不去。(2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有錢，他能買一輛小汽車。句型(二)There be，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also例如：(1)There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的鉛筆盒里有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。(2)Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall.你和我都沒有去過長(zhǎng)城。(3)Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海，要么我去上海。(4)Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不對(duì)。(5)Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim是英國(guó)人。注意點(diǎn)：當(dāng)這幾個(gè)句型連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要考慮“就近原則”，對(duì)比bothand 來記憶，bothand連接主語時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù)。句型(三)Enough+名詞+to do有足夠的做某事形容詞/副詞+enough+to do 足夠做某事例如：(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足夠的地方容下這些人開會(huì)。(2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.這個(gè)男孩力氣夠大，能搬動(dòng)這只箱子。注意點(diǎn)：enough做副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，放在所修飾詞的后面，句子可以用sothat句型改寫。例句(2)可以改寫為：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.這個(gè)男孩力氣很大，能搬動(dòng)這只箱子。句型(四)too+形容詞/副詞+to do太以致不能例如：(1)I was too excited to say a word.我激動(dòng)得一個(gè)字也說不出來。(2)Tom is too short to reach the apple. Tom太矮了，拿不到那個(gè)蘋果。注意點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)否定句型，不能在不定式前加 not，可以用sothat結(jié)構(gòu)改寫，例如例句(1)可以改寫成：I was so excited that I couldnt say a word. 句型(五)So that 以便/以致例如：(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.他們學(xué)習(xí)很努力，為了能通過考試。(2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.他們起得很早，結(jié)果趕上了早班車。注意點(diǎn)：在例句(1)中,是引導(dǎo)目的狀語；在例句(2)中，是引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語。一般來講，從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，為目的狀語。無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，為結(jié)果狀語。句型(六)祈使句+then/or/and+陳述句例如：(1)Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作，你就會(huì)過上幸福生活。(2)Hurry up, or we will be late for school.快點(diǎn)，否則我們上學(xué)就遲到了。注意點(diǎn)：以上句型都可以用條件狀語從句來改寫。例句(2)可以改寫成：If we dont hurry up,well be late for school.句型(七)(1)Its time for sth.是干某事的時(shí)間了。Its time (for sb) to do sth.該干某事了。Its time that sb did sth.該干某事了。例如：(1) Its time for the meeting.該開會(huì)了。(2)Its time for us to go to school.我們?cè)撋蠈W(xué)了。(3)Its high time that you went to bed.你該上床休息了（虛擬語氣）。注意點(diǎn)：在句型(3)中，可以在time前加rush、 high等修飾詞，這個(gè)句型是虛擬語氣的一種，含有“稍遲一點(diǎn)”的含義。而(2)則是“正是干某事的時(shí)候”。句型(八)(1)It takes sb. Some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些時(shí)間(2)sb. spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花時(shí)間在某事上/花時(shí)間干某事(3)spend some money on sth./(in) doing sth.花錢在某物上/花錢干某事(4)sth. cost sb. Some money某事花某人一些錢(5)pay some money for sth.為某事(物)付錢例如：(1)It took me two hours to write the letter.寫這封信花了我兩小時(shí)的時(shí)間。(2)He spends half an hour (in) reading English every morning.他每天早上花半小時(shí)讀英語。(3)He spends one hour on the housework every day.他每天花一小時(shí)做家務(wù)。(4)The bike cost me 298 yuan.這輛自行車花了我298元。(5)I spent 298 yuan on the bike.我買這輛自行車花了298 元。(6)I paid 298 yuan for the bike.我花了298元買這輛自行車。注意點(diǎn)：cost主語一般為物；spend、pay主語一般為人。例(1)中it 用做形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式為真正主語。 句型(九)(1)Why not do?為什么不干某事？(2)Lets do 讓我們干某事吧。(3)Shall we do ?我們干某事好嗎？(4)Would you like something/to do sth.?你想要什么嗎？你想要干嗎？(5)Will you please do ?請(qǐng)你干某事好嗎？(6)What (How) about doing?干某事怎么樣？例如：(1)Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Lets go.為什么不去問問老師？好主意！走吧！(2)Shall we go out for a walk?No, lets go to the zoo.我們?nèi)ド⒉皆趺礃?？不，我們?nèi)?dòng)物園吧。(3)Will you please fetch some chalks for me?請(qǐng)你給我拿些粉筆，好嗎？(4)What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英語歌曲怎么樣？好極了！ (5) How about going to the park? 去公園怎么樣？注意點(diǎn)：這些句型都是表示“建議”的句子，可視為同義句。句型(十)(1)Lets go out for a walk,shall we?讓我們出去散步，好嗎？(2)Read the book carefully,will you?認(rèn)真讀書，好嗎？注意點(diǎn)：在這兩個(gè)句型中，(2)所代表的祈使句，一般用will you構(gòu)成反意疑問句。在(1)中Lets表示包括“我”在內(nèi)，用shall we，但若是let us，表示不包括“我”在內(nèi)，則用will you。例如：Let us clean the class room,will you?我們把教室打掃一下，好嗎？句型(十一)So+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語也Neither/Nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語也不例如：(1)He can sing a lot of English songs,so can she.他會(huì)唱很多英語歌曲，她也是。(2)She speaks English very well,so do I.她英語說得好，我也是。(3)Li Lei hasnt read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾?zèng)]看過這本書，林風(fēng)也沒看過。注意點(diǎn)：這兩個(gè)句型都表示和前面所陳述的內(nèi)容相同，用倒裝句。要注意和 “so+主語+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞確實(shí)是”相區(qū)別，試對(duì)比一下例(2)：A：She speaks English very well.她英語說得很好。B：so she does.確實(shí)是這樣。句型(十二)I dont think his answer is right.我認(rèn)為他的答案不對(duì)。例如：(1)I cant believe she is right.我相信她是不對(duì)的。(2)You dont think they will come tomorrow, do you?你認(rèn)為他們明天不會(huì)來，是嗎？注意點(diǎn)：Think、believe、suppose 等接賓語從句時(shí)，表示否定時(shí)否定主句。變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧鋾r(shí)，若主語是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)短問句與賓語從句的主謂語保持一致，若主句主語是其他人稱，與主句主謂語保持一致。例(1)變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧鋺?yīng)為：I cant believe she is right, is she?（三）經(jīng)典初中英語寫作范文欣賞。1、Great changes in my hometownMore than twenty years ago, my hometown was just a small , old and poor town. Most of people were farmers. There were few factories. The people didnt have enough food to eat and wore old clothes. They had a hard life .Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years . The people have found a lot of ways of making money . Now there are many tall buildings . They are very beautiful . Roads are wide and clean . People can take buses or drive their own cars to go to work . Many people have cell phones and personal computers. Peoples living conditions have improved a lot . Thanks to the governments efforts . my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful . 2、Save the earthHow to protect the environment has become one of the biggest problems in the world .Its our duty to protect our environment . No matter where we live , we should do something to keep our neighborhood clean and tidy . We can collect waste paper or other waste things for recycling. We should plant more trees and we should prevent those factories from pouring waste water into rivers, lakes and fields. We shouldnt leave rubbish everywhere and spit in public places . We mustnt pick the flowers or step on the grass in public. If everyone tries his best to protect the environment , the world will become much more beautiful and our life will be better and better .3、Improve our environmentGood environment can make people feel happy. To improve the environment means to qualify our life . What should we do to improve our environment ?We should plant more trees . And we should prevent those factories from pouring waste water into rivers , lakes and fields . Whenever we see litter on the ground , we should pick it up and throw it into a dustbin . Dont spit in public places . Dont draw on public walls . Its our duty to keep our earth clean and tidy .4、Make our world more beautiful !Protecting the environment is becoming more and more important to humans . Its our duty to take care of the nature around us . Animals and plants are our best friends ., and we should share the world with them . We shouldnt kill wild animals , and we must protect forests because they are animals home . We must plant more trees and grass , they can make the world greener . The more beautiful the world is, the happier lives we will have . Lets do our best to make the world beautiful.5、Keep our school cleanWe are studying in this school. It is our duty to keep it clean and tidy. It is not good to spit in public places, such as in the library, in the class. We shouldnt leave rubbish here and there. Dont draw pictures on the wall, they influence the look of our school . We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. And we should do some cleaning often. If everyone tries his best to do something useful for our school, Im sure our school will be more beautiful .6、My country lifeI like to live in the countryside. I live in a small village. There is a river near it. Lots of trees are around my house. I can see a lot of farms and birds. There is less noise. The air here is cleaner and fresher. There are fewer cars. I read aloud early in the morning. When it is getting dark, the moon is bright in the sky. Its very quiet . What a nice place I live in !7、How to learn English wellAs we know , English has become an international language. It is more popular than any other language in China . English is widely spoken in the world and it is the most useful language around the world . But how to learn it well ? The best way is to use it all the time . If we can talk in English , think in English we can learn it well . At school , we should learn to hear , speak, read and write carefully . We should spend enough time in practicing English . If we keep on working hard at English , we will be able to be good at it one day .8、How I learn EnglishHello, everyone. It is my honor to talk with all of you about how to learn English well . I like English very much . I always preview and master the main idea of the lesson before class. In class , I listen carefully , speak loudly and write carefully and take notes if necessary . After class , I do my homework carefully . I watch English movies and listen to English songs . I have booked an English newspaper . Its Times English Post , I can learn a lot from it . I am not afraid of remembering the new words because I master many good methods . I hope you work hard at English and make progress every day . Thats all .9、How I improved my EnglishWhen I began to learn English, I was poor at it. I was quite worr