初中英語中考詞法語法總復(fù)習(xí)大全

外語下載中心第一篇 詞法 一、 名詞 (一) 知識(shí)概要 名詞的概念在不同的語法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法，但就實(shí)際應(yīng)用來講還是不要過分地追求其理論概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來。我們不妨把它分為兩大類：專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義，專有名詞是指：個(gè)人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱，如，the Great Wall， America它們是不能隨意變動(dòng)的。而普通名詞中則包括個(gè)體名詞，如pen, worker它表示單一的個(gè)體人或事物；集體名詞，如：family,class， team,它表示的是由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體；物質(zhì)名詞，如：water,paper它表示的是一種物質(zhì)，原材料；而后一種是抽象名詞，如:work, time它表示著一種在實(shí)際生活中看不見、摸不到，但卻與實(shí)際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的抽象概念。見下表。 名詞一覽表種類 專有名詞 London, John, the Communist Party of China 普 通 名 詞 類名詞 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集體名詞 class, family, army, police, team, people 物質(zhì)名詞 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名詞 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 功用 主語 My family is now in New York. 表語 His father is a scientist. 賓語 We love our great motherland. 賓語補(bǔ)足語 He made London the base for his work. 定語 The girls are making paper flowesrs. 狀語 The car cost him 1000 dollars. 同位語 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 名詞在使用中的難點(diǎn)在于名詞的數(shù)，即可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計(jì)算，所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work可數(shù)名詞是可以用數(shù)量加以計(jì)算的名詞，所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式兩種。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是：1. 一般情況加s,如：penpens, doctordoctors,boyboys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀s，在元音和濁輔音后讀z。如:mapmap ， boyboys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es，如：busbuses,classclasses,其讀音為iz。3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，其讀音為iz。4. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，要將y變?yōu)閕再加es，讀作z，如：factoryfactories,countrycountries, familyfamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如:boyboys,daydays。5. 以o結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般要加es，但如果o前面是元音字母或外來詞，縮寫詞以o結(jié)尾的則只加s，如：tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos,radioradios,pianopianos6. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將f或fe變?yōu)関再加es，如：knifeknives, leafleaves, 但有些例外的詞如roof的復(fù)數(shù)形式是roofs。7. 不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個(gè)記憶的，它沒有規(guī)律可循，如:manmen,womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet,toothteeth, mousemice8. 單復(fù)同形的名詞有：fish, sheep,deer二、 冠詞(一) 知識(shí)概要冠詞在英語中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。 a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。(二) 正誤辨析誤This building is an university.正This building is a university.析a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是j，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。五、 連 詞(一) 知識(shí)概要連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。常有的并列連詞有and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor， not onlybut also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致，意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不過)。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞，如：or, or else, otherwise 再有的是連接雙方，互為因果，或表示前因后果的連詞有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句，常用的連接詞有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語的連詞有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因狀語的連接詞有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語從句的連接詞有：so that, sothat, suchthat, asas, than, where 它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無處不見。具體用法見下表。連詞用法一覽表 種類 功用 例句 并列連詞 連接具有并列關(guān)系的 詞 He knows neither English nor French. 短語 Are you going by bus or on foot? 分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming. 從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)： 狀語從句 Ill do it as you told me.You will be late unless you hurry. 連接代詞和連接副詞 主語從句 What he said proved true.When well start has not been decided yet. 表語從句 This is why he didnt come yesterday.That is where he lives. 賓語從句 The man asked me which I liked best.I cant understand why she is so late. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 定語從句 Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.He came last night when I was out. 六、 介 詞(一) 知識(shí)概要介詞在英語中用法很活，也無一定規(guī)律可循。在初中范圍內(nèi)還應(yīng)學(xué)一個(gè)記住一個(gè)，特別是那些和動(dòng)詞的特殊搭配。這樣長期下去不斷學(xué)習(xí)自然會(huì)總結(jié)出一套自己的規(guī)律來。下面是一般的規(guī)律，可幫助學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考，千萬不要作為定律去背誦，照搬。 介詞 表示時(shí)間 表示地點(diǎn)方位 表示原因方式 其 他 about 大約在時(shí)間about five oclock 在周圍，大約多遠(yuǎn)about five kilometres 關(guān)于、涉及talk about you above 高出某一平面 above sea level across 橫過 walk across the street對(duì)面 across the street after 在之后after supper 跟后面one after another 追趕run after you against 背靠逆風(fēng)against the wall, against the wind 反對(duì)be against you among 三者以上的中間among the trees at 在某時(shí)刻at ten 在小地點(diǎn)at the school gate 表示速度at high speed 向著，對(duì)著at me before 在之前before lunch 位于之前sit before me behind 位于之后behind the tree below 低于水平below zero 不合格below the standard by 到時(shí)刻，在時(shí)刻之前by five oclock 緊挨著site by site 乘坐交通工具by air, by bick 被由was made by us during 在期間during the holidays for 延續(xù)多長時(shí)間for five years 向去leave for Shanghai 為了，對(duì)于be good for you from 從某時(shí)到某時(shí)from morning till night 來自何方from New York 由某原料制成be made from 來自何處where are you from in 在年、月、周較長時(shí)間內(nèi)in a week 在里面in the room 用某種語言in English 穿著 in red into 進(jìn)入里面walk into 除 分divide into 變動(dòng)turn into water near 接近某時(shí)near five years 在附近near the park of 用某種原料制成be made of 屬于性質(zhì)a map of U. S .A on 某日、某日的上下午on Sunday afternoon 在上面on the desk 靠吃為生live on rice 關(guān)于a book on Physics over 渡過一整段時(shí)間work over night 在上方over the desk 超過， 高于over five pairs past 超過某一時(shí)刻ten past five 經(jīng)過某地walk past the park since 從某時(shí)以來since 1980 原因Since you were ill through 經(jīng)過某一時(shí)期through his life 通過、穿過某地through the forest tilluntil 直到某時(shí)為止till five oclock to 差多少時(shí)間five to ten 問，到，去往to Shanghai 面對(duì)面face to face 給予give a book to me under 在下面under the desk 少于under ten 在管制之 下 under the rule with 用某種工具with a pen 帶著，具有with me without 沒有without air 七、 數(shù) 詞 (一) 知識(shí)概要數(shù)詞用來表示人或物的數(shù)目多少和順序。所以數(shù)詞主要有兩種：基數(shù)詞，用于計(jì)數(shù)，如：one, two而序數(shù)詞用于表示位置先后或次序，臺(tái)：first second其構(gòu)成法如下：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字 基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 簡寫序數(shù)詞 1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd 4 four fourth 4th 5 five fifth 5th 6 six sixth 6th 7 seven seventh 7th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th 10 ten tenth 10th 11 eleven eleventh 11th 12 twelve twelfth 12th 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th 18 eighteen eighteenth 18yh 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 20 twenty twentieth 20th 21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 30 thirty thirtieth 30th 40 forty fortieth 40th 50 fifty fiftieth 50th 60 sixty sixtieth 60th 70 seventy seventieth 70th 80 eighty eightieth 80th 90 ninety ninetieth 90th 100 a(one)hundred hundredth 100th 104 one hundred and four hundred and fourth 104th 1000 a(one) thounsand thounsandth 1000th 10000 ten thounsand ten thounsandth 10000th one million millionth th 基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞都有一定的構(gòu)成方法，但都有特殊例外的幾個(gè)字，所以除了要學(xué)會(huì)一般構(gòu)成法之外，還要特別記熟一些例外。因它們?cè)诳荚囍谐霈F(xiàn)的頻率很高。1 基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)2199的兩位數(shù)字，在10位和個(gè)位之間加連字符構(gòu)成，如89-eighty-nine.的三位數(shù)字，由hundred 加and 再加二位數(shù)或未位數(shù)字，如： 101-one hundred and one, 223-two hundred and twenty-three.四位以上數(shù)字，應(yīng)從個(gè)位起向前數(shù)三位加逗號(hào)，讀作thousand,再數(shù)三位加第二個(gè)逗號(hào)，讀作million,再數(shù)三位加逗號(hào)，讀作billion，其讀法如下：1001-one thousand and one-five thousand, three hundred and eightysix要注意的是hundred, thousand, million與billion的用法。前面有別的基數(shù)詞時(shí)，即若干個(gè)百、千、百萬、十億時(shí)，其本身都不要加s，如：three hundred students。 若表示成百，成千或數(shù)百，數(shù)千時(shí)，前面不能有基數(shù)詞，但其本身要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，然后+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：thousands and thousands of。 (成千上萬)2 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成法序數(shù)詞除first, second, third 以外，其余一般在詞尾加th構(gòu)成，除一般略有差異的各別數(shù)詞外，很容易掌握。其二位數(shù)或多位數(shù)只將后面的個(gè)位數(shù)字改為序數(shù)詞，其前面各位數(shù)字均不改變，都用基數(shù)詞。3 其他數(shù)字表示法小數(shù)的小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point，零讀作o或zero,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)字按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。分?jǐn)?shù)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分?jǐn)?shù)要在序數(shù)詞上加s，但用one half, 1 4 用a quarter. 讀作one third而 讀作two thirds。百分?jǐn)?shù)(%)，讀作per cent (percent),但不論是多少均用作單數(shù)形式不能加s。表示日期有兩種說法和四種寫法，如：2月1號(hào)英語表達(dá)法為：the first of February而美語為February (the) first,但其書寫上可有四種寫法February 1 February 1st 1st February 1/2。倍數(shù)的講法有所不同。兩倍用twice,而三倍以上用序數(shù)詞加times,如：He has three times as many books as I have.第二篇 句法一、 主 要 句 式 (一) 知識(shí)概要初中所學(xué)的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種： 主語+不及物動(dòng)詞。如：I arrived at six last night. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某種事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be動(dòng)詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個(gè)名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動(dòng)詞后，也要保持be動(dòng)詞，不要換用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問題，即句子的主語與謂語動(dòng)詞要相呼應(yīng)。要注意的有如下幾點(diǎn)： 用and連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)，但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)則要用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如： The news is good (news 為不可數(shù)名詞)。 有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計(jì)算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. 有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，如： People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police， 如果要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)，應(yīng)講 a policeman。 兩個(gè)警察為 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen 所有不定代詞 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something 要作為單數(shù)如： Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有： and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有：or， either or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam在初中范圍復(fù)合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種，而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述，為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章方便，我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如： I knew the man, 而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如： I knew that he was a good man 這時(shí)賓語從句的連接詞有 that, (that 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用，不在句中充當(dāng)語法成分，既不是主語也不是賓語，所以在口語中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam if, whether 它們?cè)谫e語從句中只起連接作用，不起語法作用，當(dāng)作是否講。從句中有 or not 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外，還要作主語或賓語成份，如： I dont understand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語從句中作主語)。who，它也和what一樣，在句中除作連接詞外，可以充當(dāng)句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for? whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? which 如： Do you know which book is mine?在連接詞中還有4個(gè)常用的連接副詞，how 它的應(yīng)用最廣，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如： How much does it cost? when 它只是連接時(shí)間狀語，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? where 它連接地點(diǎn)狀語，如： Where are you from? why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 在考試中常見到的考點(diǎn)是：賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題。主句謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)， 如： I know he didnt come. 我知道他沒來。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去倫敦了。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞若是過去時(shí)，賓語從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)中的某一種。比如： 一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)。除了在表達(dá)宇宙中的客觀真理時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時(shí)間狀語從句，其連接詞有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by其中較難掌握的有以下幾點(diǎn)：until (till) 直到，在用 until 表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語的句子中，主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞，則要用否定句，如： He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由since， for， by， before 來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語是動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間，如： I have studied English since 而由 by 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時(shí)， ago 則多用于一般過去時(shí)，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如： If it rains, they wont go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句用一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點(diǎn)有：要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時(shí)間狀語從句還是賓語從句，因在賓語從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)用什么時(shí)態(tài)，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關(guān)系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow在原因狀語從句中主要是because， 應(yīng)譯為因?yàn)?。它表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強(qiáng)，如： He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard since 應(yīng)譯為既然，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as 應(yīng)譯為由于，如： As it is too hot wed better go swimming since 與 as 所表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)比 because 弱得多。而 for 表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比較狀語從句中有同級(jí)比較 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有兩點(diǎn)：as as 中間要用原級(jí)而不是比較級(jí)。用形容詞還是副詞，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as (so) as， 如： They didnt work so hard as we did, 而不同級(jí)比較用比較級(jí)加 than, 如： He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示越來越這一概念時(shí)有兩個(gè)句型：比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠詞 the 比較級(jí) the 比較級(jí)，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方式狀語中要注意的是as (連詞)與 like (介詞)的區(qū)別。 as 作為連詞其后接從句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目的狀語從句主要有 so that， so that， in order that等幾種用法。so that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，so 形容詞 a 名詞 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容詞 名詞 that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I cant buy it so that 之間只有形容詞時(shí)，則不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy so that 其后接從句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus（二）正誤辨析 誤 The stories in that book was written many years ago 正 The stories in that book were written many years ago. 析 作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動(dòng)名詞，它們往往要帶有修飾詞，這些詞可能是形容詞，也可能是短語，但謂語動(dòng)詞還是要取決于這個(gè)主語的數(shù)，要記住的是一個(gè)名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個(gè)不同的語法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。誤 To read many books are good for you 正 To read many books is good for you 析 不定式作主語應(yīng)該看作單數(shù)主語。 誤 What he said are right 正 What he said is right 析 從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待。 正 The rich is not always happy 誤 The rich are not always happy 析 形容詞定冠詞表示一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，如： The young are very interested in study and sports誤 The school master and writer are coming 正 The school master and writer is coming 析 本句應(yīng)譯為：校長兼作家就要來了。而 The school master and the writer are coming 則要譯為：校長和一個(gè)作家要來了。在英語表達(dá)法中確實(shí)有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應(yīng)譯為：一個(gè)女孩，一個(gè)男孩在操場(chǎng)上玩。因?yàn)椴豢赡苓@樣兩個(gè)概念作用在一個(gè)人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。誤 You or she go to get some water for us 正 You or she goes to get some water for us 析 由 or 連接的兩個(gè)主語應(yīng)以離謂語動(dòng)詞近的那一個(gè)計(jì)算其數(shù)。這樣的用法還有 either or，neither nor， not only but also 也有人稱作就近原則。誤 The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom 正 The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom 析 真正的主語是 the teacher， 而 with 短語是伴隨狀態(tài)，不影響主語的數(shù)。誤 My glasses is broken 正 My glasses are broken 誤 This pair of glasses are good 正 This pair of glasses is good 誤 These kinds of butter is good.正 These kinds of butter are good析 英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： glasses 眼鏡， shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算。誤 One of the boys are going to take part in the match 正 One of the boys is going to take part in the match 析 One of 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以 one 來計(jì)算主語的數(shù)。 誤 Half of the work are done 正 Half of the work is done 誤 Half of the books is read 正 Half of the books are read 析 在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時(shí)，如： ， of 名詞，這時(shí)主語的數(shù)應(yīng)按 of 后面的名詞計(jì)算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如名詞是復(fù)數(shù)則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。誤 Each sides are full of trees 正 Each side is full of trees 誤 Both side is full of trees 正 Both sides are full of trees 析 each， either 其后都要加單數(shù)名詞，而 both 后要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞全部要用單數(shù)形式。誤 The boys each has an apple 正 The boys each have an apple 析 each 作同位語時(shí)，不影響句子的主語。誤 Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert 正 Every one of us has a ticket for the concert 析 everyone， someone， everybody 在作主語時(shí)都不能加 of 結(jié)構(gòu)。誤 Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football 正 Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football 析 few 雖然含意上是幾乎沒有，但作主語時(shí)仍要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)。誤 The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred 正 The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred 析 the number of 意為：某某的數(shù)字是 如： the number of students 學(xué)生人數(shù)， the number of players 運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同，其后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass誤 The rest of the students is here 正 The rest of the students are here 誤 The rest of the work are done 正 The rest of the work is done 析 the rest of 的用法與，一半， of 的結(jié)構(gòu)一致， of 后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。這樣用法還有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。誤 The news in todays newspaper are not bad 正 The news in todays newspaper is not bad 析 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， 誤 The Chinese is kind and friendly 正 The Chinese are kind and friendly 析 Chinese 作為中文來講是單數(shù)名詞，但作為中國人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞。如： one Chinese， two Chinese 而 The Chinese The people of China 要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。誤 This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me正 This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me析 表示一段時(shí)間，一筆金錢，一段距離，都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)名詞。誤 Who are going to take part in our football match? 正 Who is going to take part in our football match? 析 用 who 提問時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，但 which 則要視其情況而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one?誤 What a hot weather it is! 誤 How hot the weather it is! 正 What hot weather it is! 正 How hot the weather is! 析 感嘆句是用來表達(dá)說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始，判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起點(diǎn)是單詞 it。 再來看感嘆句中 it 前有不可數(shù)名詞 weather， 則只能用 what。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時(shí)為： The weather is hot這時(shí)句子的開始單詞為 the weather， 再來看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞，所以應(yīng)用 how。 至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加