2021版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 3 Life in the future課后達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè) 新人教版必修5

unit 3 life in the future(建議用時(shí)：50分鐘).閱讀理解a(2020河南適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)every year between may and september, all 54 employees of basecamp, a chicagobased web application company, have a short work week: just four daysa total of 32 hours. also, they usually work five days a week for the rest of the year.“thats plenty of time to get great work done. this is all we expect and all we want from people，” says jason fried, a cofounder. “working 50， 60， or 70plus hours is unnecessary. in fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, theres a management problem.”the companys summer workload must fit reduced hours, mr.fried insists, otherwise the benefits of a shorter weekto recover from work, enjoy time with family and pursue(追求) outside interestswould be undone.his new research finds that it is not just long hours that are harmful to employees physical and mental health. it is also the intensity(強(qiáng)度) of work. moreover, it suggests that intense work harms career prospects. that is because unbearable hours and intensity are in the opposite direction, reducing the quality of the work.the research concludes that the level of intensity we apply to the work we do is generally “a stronger predictor of unfavorable outcomes than overtime work”the research compared people of similar jobs and education levels, and found they were more likely to suffer poorer happiness and worse career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文以一家總部位于芝加哥的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用公司basecamp的54名員工將近半年時(shí)間每周只工作4天，共32小時(shí)的情況為例說明了較短的工作周有益于人們的身心健康，并以一項(xiàng)研究來證明。1what do we know about basecamps fourday work week?ait lasts nearly half a year.bthe work pressure is too high.cthere are some management problems.demployees work more than 8 hours a day.a解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，一家總部位于芝加哥的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用公司basecamp的54名員工在每年5月到9月期間每周的工作時(shí)間都很短：只有4天，共32小時(shí)，持續(xù)5個(gè)月，大概半年時(shí)間，故選a項(xiàng)。2what does mr.fried intend to say in paragraph 2?agiven plenty of time, people can do more.bto get work done well needs plenty of time.cpeople can do a job very well in a short work week.da long work week is appropriate for reduced workload.c解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“working 50， 60， or 70plus hours is unnecessary. in fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, theres a management problem.”可知，弗里德先生認(rèn)為一周工作50幾個(gè)小時(shí)，60幾個(gè)小時(shí)，甚至70幾個(gè)小時(shí)是沒有必要的。如果真這么做了，管理上是有問題的。由此推知，弗里德先生認(rèn)為人們可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)把工作做好，故選c項(xiàng)。3what does the research mentioned in the text want to tell us?agetting much more rest.bimproving work quality.crefusing a fiveday work week.davoiding working too intensely.d解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的the research可定位到文章的第四至六段，通讀這幾段，尤其是第四段可知，這項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作不只對(duì)員工的身心健康有害，工作的強(qiáng)度也會(huì)影響員工的職業(yè)前景。這是因?yàn)殡y以忍受的工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)和工作強(qiáng)度會(huì)降低工作質(zhì)量，第五、六兩段進(jìn)一步說明了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間和高強(qiáng)度工作的壞處，由此可以推知，該研究建議人們要避免高強(qiáng)度工作，故選d項(xiàng)。4what can be the best title for this passage?amore work, more profitsbless work, less benefitscshorter week, better rewarddlonger hours, higher intensityc解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一、二段以一家總部位于芝加哥的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用公司basecamp為例，說明了較短的工作周的好處。第三段介紹了較短的工作周的好處。第四至六段介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)和工作強(qiáng)度對(duì)人的影響的研究，更進(jìn)一步印證了較短工作周對(duì)人身心方面的益處。由此可知c項(xiàng)最能概括全文內(nèi)容。b(2020濟(jì)南高三質(zhì)檢)nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. but we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. one industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or ai, is agriculture. companies are experimenting with hightech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environmentharming chemicals.one of the companies is ecorobotix of switzerland. it created a robot equipped with ai and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. the robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. computercontrolled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草劑)company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. it uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. a farmer can also control the equipment through a smartphone.the cofounder of ecorobotix, aurlien demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. this is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.another company developing farm robotics is californiabased blue river technology. the company has a system called “see & spray”， which it claims was the worlds first smart sprayer. the systemwhich is connected to the back of a tractoris also equipped with ai to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. it can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. ben chostner, vicepresident of business development for blue river technology, explains in a company video that see & spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. “the first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didnt know what kind of plant it was. but we taught itby giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweedand now its an expert in pigweed.”【解題導(dǎo)語】研究者們正在試驗(yàn)農(nóng)業(yè)方面的人工智能高科技工具，這些工具可以幫助農(nóng)民節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢，同時(shí)減少使用對(duì)環(huán)境有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。5how will ai benefit agriculture?ait will fund agriculture research.bit contributes to lowcost farming.cit can avoid harmful chemicals.dit frees all farmers from field work.b解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“companies are experimenting with hightech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environmentharming chemicals.”可知，人工智能可以幫助農(nóng)民節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢，同時(shí)減少使用對(duì)環(huán)境有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選b。文章沒有提到人工智能會(huì)資助農(nóng)業(yè)研究，故a項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第二、三段內(nèi)容可知，人工智能可以進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)噴灑小劑量除草劑等，而不是避免有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，故c項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；此外，本文沒有提到使所有的農(nóng)民從農(nóng)田勞作中解放出來，故d項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。6what do the products of the two companies have in common?athey use recognition technology.bthey are powered by solar energy.cthey are connected with smartphones.dthey can help wanted plants grow rapidly.a解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“it created a robot equipped with ai and cameras to identify all plants on a farm.”以及第四段第三句“the systemwhich is connected to the back of a tractoris also equipped with ai to identify and chemically kill only the weeds.”可知，兩個(gè)公司的產(chǎn)品的共同點(diǎn)就是它們都使用了識(shí)別技術(shù)，故選a。7what do ben chostners words suggest about the robot?ait is environmentally friendly.bit is good at selfimproving.cit has the learning ability.dit can track various plants.c解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“but we taught itby giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweedand now its an expert in pigweed.”可知，通過給它成千上萬的例子來教它，這個(gè)機(jī)器現(xiàn)在在識(shí)別莧方面是一個(gè)專家。由此可推知，ben chostner意在表明該機(jī)器人有學(xué)習(xí)能力。故選c。8what is mainly talked about in the text?athe experiment in farming robots.bnew trend in artificial intelligence.cmodern see & spray technology.dartificial intelligence in agriculture.d解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“one industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or ai, is agriculture.”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)是研究和開發(fā)人工智能(ai)的重要行業(yè)之一；然后文章第二至四段介紹了兩個(gè)公司的人工智能產(chǎn)品是如何幫助農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的。由此可知，本文的主旨是介紹人工智能在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用。故選d。文章第二至四段列舉了兩個(gè)公司是如何將人工智能應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)中去的，其中提到了機(jī)器人實(shí)驗(yàn)以及產(chǎn)品的名稱及功能等，但這些都是為了說明人工智能是如何在農(nóng)業(yè)中應(yīng)用的，故a、c兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；此外，文章沒有重點(diǎn)講述人工智能新的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，故b項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。.完形填空(2020石家莊模擬)one day, i was driving with my threeyearold granddaughter, madison, when i saw a _1_ reading “friendly upholstery(家具裝飾品)”. it was a small _2_when i parked my car and walked inside, the gentleman was _3_， so i began to _4_ madison what they built in such a place. as we were walking around, i _5_ to tell him to take his _6_ as i was in no hurry.when he _7_ his call, i began to _8_ i had a wooden shelf in my home office that extended out from my desk and that _9_ my granddaughter would strike her head. i needed something soft to _10_ the shelf to protect her.“shes a pretty little thing，” he said _11_， reaching out to make her laugh.i stood watching as he headed off to a back room. minutes later, he returned _12_ a piece of leather. i took it and _13_ how much it would be. “how much do i _14_ you？” “dont worry about it，” he told me, as he waved his hand _15_after thanking him, we drove home, where i covered the shelf with the leather. it was less than an hour later when madison slipped off my desk, hitting her face directly on the side of the shelf. a bit scared, she got up, _16_i was inspired by that gentlemans _17_ for someone elses safety, rather than the money that he could have gotten from me, a(n) _18_ from out of nowhere.last week, one year later, i returned to his small shop and _19_ him once again. i wanted him to know that kindness is _20_ appreciated by some, even in this day and age, and that i will forever remember it.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者帶著3歲的孫女在家具裝飾品店購(gòu)買東西時(shí)，店主善意相助，作者對(duì)此非常感激的故事。1a.noticebsigncwarning dtitleb解析：notice意為“通知”；sign意為“招牌”；warning意為“警告”；title意為“標(biāo)題”。此處表示“我”正開車帶著“我”3歲的孫女行駛在路上，這時(shí)“我”看見了一個(gè)招牌，上面寫著“友好家具裝飾品”。故選b。2a.market bgaragecshop dbuffetc解析：garage意為“車庫(kù)”；buffet意為“快餐部，自助餐”。根據(jù)下文中的“i returned to his small shop”可知，選c。3a.in trouble bon leavecin the queue don the phoned解析：in trouble意為“陷入困境”；on leave意為“休假”；in the queue意為“排隊(duì)”；on the phone意為“打電話”。根據(jù)下文中的“when he _ his call”可知，店主正在打電話。故選d。4a.show bteachcoffer dawarda解析：根據(jù)下文中的“as we were walking around”可知，店主在打電話，所以“我”開始帶著孫女在店里四處看看。故選a。5a.glanced byelledcgestured dbowedc解析：店主在打電話，所以“我”做手勢(shì)告訴他慢慢打電話，因?yàn)椤拔摇辈恢?，故選c。6a.time bordercturn dseata解析：參見上題解析。take ones time表示“不著急，慢慢來”，故選a。7a.answered bcanceledcreturned dcompletedd解析：根據(jù)下文“我”開始跟他解釋“我”需要買的東西可知，此處表示“當(dāng)他打完電話”。故選d。8a.argue bexplaincconclude dcondemnb解析：參見上題解析。argue意為“爭(zhēng)論”；explain意為“解釋”；conclude意為“得出結(jié)論”；condemn意為“譴責(zé)”。故選b。9a.frequently bpermanentlyccasually ddeliberatelya解析：frequently意為“頻繁地”；permanently意為“永久地”；casually意為“偶然地”；deliberately意為“故意地”。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”的家庭辦公室里有一個(gè)木架子從“我”的桌子上伸出來，“我”孫女頻繁地撞到頭，因此“我”需要一些柔軟的東西去蓋住它來保護(hù)孫女，故選a。10a.decorate bsupportccover dfixc解析：參見上題解析。11a.proudly babruptlyccalmly dkindlyd解析：根據(jù)本句中的“shes a pretty little thing”和“reaching out to make her laugh”可知，應(yīng)選d。12a.selling out bholding outcpicking up dgathering upb解析：sell out意為“賣完”；hold out意為“遞出”；pick up意為“拿起”；gather up意為“收攏”。幾分鐘后，他回來遞給“我”一片皮革，故選b。13a.wondered bsuspectedccalculated dannounceda解析：wonder意為“想知道”；suspect意為“懷疑”；calculate意為“計(jì)算”；announce意為“宣布”?！拔摇毕胫肋@個(gè)要花多少錢。故選a。14a.reward bknowcowe denvyc解析：根據(jù)上文中的“how much it would be”可知，此處表示“我”該付你多少錢。故選c。15a.up and down bnow and thencin and out dback and forthd解析：up and down意為“來回，往復(fù)”；now and then意為“時(shí)?！保籭n and out意為“時(shí)常出入”；back and forth意為“反復(fù)來回”。他告訴“我”別擔(dān)心，同時(shí)反復(fù)來回地?fù)]著手，故選d。16a.unaware bunhurtcdisappointed ddisabledb解析：根據(jù)下文中的“i wanted him to know.i will forever remember it.”并結(jié)合語境可知，孫女沒有受傷，故選b。17a.sacrifice bpromisecdemand dconcernd解析：sacrifice意為“犧牲”；promise意為“諾言”；demand意為“要求”；concern意為“關(guān)愛，關(guān)懷”。根據(jù)語境可知，那位先生對(duì)其他人安全的關(guān)心而不是為了從“我”一個(gè)突然出現(xiàn)的陌生人這里得到錢的行為鼓舞了“我”，故選d。18a.stranger bdrivercneighbor dinstructora解析：參見上題解析。19a.assisted bquestionedcthanked dcomfortedc解析：根據(jù)語境可知，時(shí)隔一年后的上周，“我”回到了他的小店再次感謝(thanked)他，故選c。20a.temporarily btrulycinstantly dgenerallyb解析：temporarily意為“暫時(shí)地”；truly意為“確實(shí)地”；instantly意為“立刻”；generally意為“通常