句子成分分析ppt課件

.,句子成分分析,Iloveyou.（主謂賓）MrWang,myHistoryteacheratuniversity,is主同位語謂alearnedman.表（定語）Iheardhimsinginthenextroomlastnight.主謂賓補地點狀語時間狀語,.,從句分類,名詞性從句（nominalclauses):主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句定語從句/關(guān)系從句（attributiveclauses/relativeclauses）:限制性定語從句，非限制性定語從句狀語從句（adverbialclauses):時間，地點，原因，結(jié)果，目的，方式，條件，讓步，比較,.,Whathedoescontradictswhathesays.Thefactisthatyouarelying.Thenewsthatourteamgotthechampionexcitedeveryonepresent.,.,狀語從句聯(lián)系詞,when/while/as/assoonaswhere/whereverbecause/since/forsothat/inorderthatsothat/suchthatasif/asthoughif/incasethat/lest/aslongasthough/although/evenif/eventhoughthan,.,LanguageStructures,LookupthewordinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatasthesubject，that引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句，并作為該關(guān)系從句的主語)Haveyoureadallthebooksthatyouborrowedfromme?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbythatastheobject，that引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句，并作為該關(guān)系從句的賓語）,.,IdliketoseethegentlemanwhocamefromGermanyyesterday.(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywhoasthesubject，who引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句，并作為該關(guān)系從句的主語）Whatsthenameoftheyoungmanwho/mheintroducedtouslastweek?(Therelativeclauseintroducedbywho/mastheobject，who/m引導(dǎo)關(guān)系從句，并作為該關(guān)系從句的賓語。),.,在關(guān)系從句中，如果先行詞是“人”，則引導(dǎo)詞為who（作從句主語或賓語），whom（作從句賓語），或that（作從句主語或賓語）。要注意的是，雖然who比whom的用處更廣泛，但如果引導(dǎo)詞前是一個介詞，則引導(dǎo)詞必須為whom，如：Sheistheteacherwho/whomwetalkedabout.Sheistheteacheraboutwhomwetalked.,.,在關(guān)系從句中，如果先行詞是“物”，則引導(dǎo)詞為that或which，兩者均可作從句的主語或賓語。它們的區(qū)別在于：（1）如果先行詞有all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,none,little等不定代詞，則只能用that，不能用which；e.g.IhavereadallthemagazinesthatIboughtlastweek.（2）如果先行詞被形容詞最高級或first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等詞修飾，則只能用that，不能用which；e.g.ItisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,.,（3）在介詞后的引導(dǎo)詞只能用which，不能用that；e.g.Justchoosethesubjectinwhichyouaremostinterested.（4）在非限制性關(guān)系從句中，只能用which為引導(dǎo)詞，不能用that。e.g.Theriver,whichflowsthroughLondon,iscalledtheThames.,.,12October1492wastheday_ColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasmallroom_peoplecooktheirmeals.Isthatthereason_wehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?12October1492wasthedaywhen/onwhichColumbuslandedinAmerica.Akitchenetteisasmallroomwhere/inwhichpeoplecooktheirmeals.Isthatthereasonwhy/forwhichwehavetestsandquizzesallthetime?,.,.,遇到先行詞為地點或時間的名詞，要看該先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語還是主語或賓語，如果充當(dāng)狀語，則從句可由where/when引出；如果充當(dāng)賓語，則從句不可由where/when引出，而仍應(yīng)該由which引出。如：Themanissaidtocomefromatownwhichnobodyknew.Idontrememberthedaythatyoumentioned.Thisistheplace_Ilived3threeyearsago.Thisistheplace_youvisitedlasttime,right?,.,Ilikethewayshespoke.theway后省略了連接詞,原句應(yīng)為：Ilikethewayinwhich/thatshespoke.theway在從句中表示“方式”，上句thewayshespoke表示“說話的方式”。再如：Thatwastheway(inwhich/that)sheworkedtheproblemout.那就是他解決問題的方式。,.,Theplace_interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.whichwherewhatinwhich,.,Doyouknowtheman_?whomIspoketowhospokeIspoketothatIspoke,.,Thisisthehotel_lastmonth.whichtheystayedatthattheystayedwheretheystayedatwheretheystayed,.,Doyouknowtheyear_theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?whichthatwhenonwhich,.,Thatistheday_Illneverforget.whichonwhichinwhichwhen,.,Thisisoneofthebestfilms_.thathavebeenshownthisyearwhichhavebeenshownthisyearthathasbeenshownthisyearwhichhasbeenshownthisyear,.,Canyoulendmethebook_theotherday?aboutwhichyoutalkedwhichyoutalkedaboutthatyoutalkedthatyoutalked,.,Iminterestedin_youhavesaid.allthatallwhatthatwhich,.,LiMing,_totheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.IwentwithwithwhomIwentwithwhoIwentIwentwithhim,.,Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof_arewomen.themwhichwhomwho,.,LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,_Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.forwhichforthatinwhichwhat,.,Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_wasadvertisedonTV.thatwhichasit,.,Thisisthereason_hedidntcometothemeeting.inwhichwithwhichthatforwhich,.,Heisworkinghard,_willmakehimpassthefinalexam.thatwhichforwhichwho,.,Ihavetwodictionaries,_areofgreatuse.allofwhicheitherofwhichbothofthembothofwhich,.,LSPLanguagePoints,cooker:autensilforcooking,炊具apparatus:equipment,儀器，設(shè)備beusedfor:被用于peeler:adeviceforpeelingvegetablesorfruits,去皮器device:apparatuspeel:striptheskinoff,削皮microcalculator:微型計算器,.,add,subtract,multiply,divide:(v.)plus,minus,times,divided:(prep.)a)Ifyouadd24and36,youget60.24plus/and36is/equals60.b)Ifyousubtract10from100,youareleftwith(youget)90.100minus10leaves/equals/is90.c)14multipliedby11makes154.14times11equals154.d)Ifyoudivide30byfive,yougetsix.30dividedbyfiveequalssix.,.,switch:(v.)turnoff/on,開關(guān)(n.)acontroldeviceelectriccurrent:theflowofelectricity電流saucepan:adeeppanwithahandle;usedforstewingorboiling,燉鍋pot:罐，壺,.,.,assign:give(atask);appoint,分配，指定，布置（作業(yè)）（1）Theteacherdidntassignanyhomeworktoday.今天老師沒有布置作業(yè)。（2）Paulwasassignedtoanewpost.Paul被分配到了新的崗位。（3）Thetwogovernmentsassignedadayforthenextnegotiation.兩國政府確定了下一輪談判的日期。assignment:作業(yè)（4）Whatistodaysassignment?今天有什么作業(yè)？（5）Hehasgotanewassignment.他得到一項新任命。,.,researchinstitute:研究所，研究學(xué)會tour:(v.)旅行,游歷,巡回,漫游tour:(n.)旅行,游歷,旅游touringinChina,在中國游歷（1）我們游覽了一下這座城市。Theyhavegoneonatourofthecity.（2）我們?nèi)ツ晗奶煸跉W洲觀光。WetouredEuropelastsummer.,.,journalist:anewsreport,新聞記者aseriesof:一系列的stylistics:文體學(xué)AutumnCommodityFair:秋季商品交易會,.,LSPExampleI,A:Canyouexplaintheword“cooker”inEnglish?B:ImafraidIcantA:ThenlookthewordupinadictionarythatgivesdefinitionsinEnglish.B:Itsaysacookerisanapparatuswhichisusedforcookingfood.,.,LSPExampleII,A:Haveyoureadallthebooks(that)youborrowedfromme?B:No,theresstillonethatIhaventread.A:whichone?B:Theonethatyousaidyoudontlike.,.,LSPExampleIII,A:IdliketoseethegentlemanwhocamefromCanadayesterday.B:YoumeantheCanadianengineerwhosvisitingaresearchinstitutehere?A:No.ImlookingfortheCanadianprofessorwhosteachingatPujiangUniversity.B:Oh,itsProfessorPaulJones.HesinRoom802.,.,LSPExampleIV,A:Whatsthenameoftheyoungman(whom)Luintroducedustolastweek?B:PaulWhite.A:Ishethewriter(whom)theyinvitedtoattendaconference?B:No.Idontthinkso.Mr.WhiteistheEnglishjournalistJinaskedtocometoourparty.,.,DialogueIDiscussion,DescribethechangesinChinasruralareas,particularlyinthecoastalareas.Describethechangesaroundyouinthelasttenyears.,.,DialogueILanguagePoints,Ihaventseenyouaroundlately:最近都沒見到你了。outoftown:出了城amaze:surprisetremendous:manyoccur:happenrural:ofthecountryside鄉(xiāng)下的urban:ofthecity城市的coastal:atthecoast,沿海的acoupleof:twoorthree,several,.,leadalife:havealife,過著的生活（1）他在鄉(xiāng)村過著幸福的生活。Heleadsahappylifeinthecountry.（2）leadapoor/hardlifebarren:poor,貧瘠的tattered:tornorragged,破爛的，襤褸的rowsuponrowsof:一排一排的three-storeyed:three-floorstory:層brand-name:anamegiventoaproduct,品牌,.,drive:(v.)push,force,驅(qū)動，推動(n.)有組織的努力；運動；動力；駕駛；車道（1）Helefthiscarinthedrive.他把汽車停在汽車道上。（2）Whathashappenedtothecompanysdriveforqualitycontrol?這家公司開展的質(zhì)量控制運動結(jié)果如何？（3）Aspartofthebanksefficiencydriveconsiderablecutsarebeingmadeintheworkforce.銀行要努力提高效率，其中一個措施就是大量裁員。,.,infavorof:贊同，有利于（Unit4）（1）我們贊成她升為總裁。Weareinfavorofherpromotiontopresident.（2）法庭的判決有利于被告。Thecourtdecidedinfavorofthedefendant.insbsfavorThecourtdecidedinthedefendantsfavor.Wehopethatthenewsystemwilloperateinourfavor.putin:投入preferentialpolicies:privilege,優(yōu)惠政策favorable:favoring,有利的,.,comeacross:meetaccidentally,不期而遇（1）今天在鎮(zhèn)上遇到我大學(xué)的老同學(xué)。Icameacrossmyoldcollegeroommateintowntoday.（2）一天，她在為Paul打掃房間的時候，偶然看到了他的日記，于是她就讀了起來。OnedaywhilecleaningPaulsroom,shecameacrosshisdiaryandstartedtoreadit.,.,beboundto:一定將會（1）這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)對于人類必定大有用處。Thenewdiscoveryisboundtobeofgreatservicetomankind.（2）孩子們到家后一定會餓他們常常都是這樣的。Thekidsareboundtobehungrywhentheygethometheyalwaysare.vision:theabilitytosee,視野broaden:makebroad,拓寬Sohastheirtaste,.,desire:longfor,渴望agrowingdesiretodo:越來越渴望去subscribetosth.:offertobuy,預(yù)訂，訂閱via:(prep.)by,through,bymeansof（1）你從北京去上海會經(jīng)由天津嗎？WillyoutravelfromBeijingtoShanghaiviaTianjin?（2）你得通過空郵寄信，這樣才快。Youmustsendtheletterviaairmail,whichisfast.,.,stumblingblock:anobstacle,絆腳石unimaginable:beyondimagination,不可想象的，maketheirentryinto:enterentry(n.)enter(v.)precisely:exactly,正好,.,Role-Play,crop-growingagriculture:只種植農(nóng)作物的農(nóng)業(yè)output:production,產(chǎn)出，產(chǎn)量cultivate:farm,耕種reclaim:cultivatethewilderness,開墾（荒地）scientificfarming:科學(xué)耕作unitoutput:單位產(chǎn)量existing:現(xiàn)存的arable:capableofbeingfarmedproductively，適于耕種的,.,diversified:various,多樣化的husbandry:cultivatingthelandorraisingstock，畜牧管理forestry:managementofforests,森林業(yè)，森林學(xué)fishery:fishingindustry,漁業(yè)edible:capableofbeingeaten,可食用的edibleoil:食用油well-informed:knowing,熟悉的，見聞廣博的prosperous:flourishing,繁榮的defect:disadvantage,缺點merit:advantage,優(yōu)點,.,DialogueII,classifyinto:putintodifferentclasses,把歸類為classifyobjectsintotypes:把物件分成幾類Wearetryingtoclassifythesebookintotwotypes:literaryandnon-literary.我們正試著把這些書分成兩類：文學(xué)類和非文學(xué)類。Howtoidentifyandclassifyobjectsbytheirfeatures.如何根據(jù)物件的特點分類classifyby:按分類圖書館的書是按科目分類的。Thebooksinthelibraryareclassifiedbysubject.,.,afurcollar:皮領(lǐng)automatic:workingbyitself,自動的flash:閃光fitinto:beabletobeputinto,適合（放入）fitintoyourpocket:剛好能放入你的口袋（1）這張卡剛好能放進那個信封里。Thiscardjustfitsnicelyintothatenvelope.（2）這個房間再也放不僅更多的椅子了。Wecantfitanymorechairsintotheroom.,.,develop:(v.)沖洗（照片）zoomlens:變焦鏡頭close-up:aphotographtakenatcloserange,大特寫glue:gum,膠水sticky:(a.)帶有粘性的stick:(v.)粘住stickthingstogether:把東西粘在一起fireextinguisher:滅火器putout:extinguish,撲滅lostpropertyoffice:失物招領(lǐng)處property:possessions,財物,.,conscientious:responsible,盡責(zé)的attendant:waiter/waitress,服務(wù)員handin:submit,交上，遞交handle:grip,hold,柄，把手flight-bag:航空旅行袋distinguishing:special,有區(qū)別的，特別的distinguishingfeatures:特殊的特點distinguishbetweenAandBinitial:thefirstletter,首字母,.,establish:prove,confirm,確定，證實establishthecorrectownership:確定正確的物主身份（1）新證據(jù)證實了嫌疑犯有罪。Thenewevidenceestablishesthesuspectsguilt.（2）那個故事是否真的難以證實。Itishardtoestablishthetruthofthestory.alistofcontents:內(nèi)容清單beonduty:當(dāng)班，上班two-wayradio:收發(fā)兩用無線電設(shè)備HQ,headquarters:總部,.,ReadingI:Questions,Whyisfoodabasicneed?Howcanweavoidmalnutrition?Whydidprimitivepeopleeatonlythefoodthatcouldbegrownneartheirhomes?Whatisthedifferencebetweenneedsandwants?Howdoyoudifferfromprimitivemeninourfoodwants?Namethreethingsthatamodernhousecontainsbutanancientpalacedidnot.,.,Structure,Paras.13:ourfirstbasicneed:foodPara.4:oursecondbasicneed:clothingPara.5:ourthirdbasicneed:shelter,.,ReadingILanguagePoints,speakof/about:談及，說到speak:說話，說（某種語言）hearof/about:聽說hear:聽到dowithout:managewithout,沒有也可以：在沒有某物的情況下設(shè)法完成cannotdowithout:沒有就不可以，不能沒有（1）島上沒有電視，可不久我們就適應(yīng)了。Therewasnotelevisionontheisland,butwesoonlearnedtodowithout.（2）在這里生活，不能沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Whilelivinghere,onecantdowithouttheInternet.（3）學(xué)習(xí)英語不能沒有詞典。InlearningEnglish,wecantdowithoutadictionary.,.,starvetodeath:餓死sufferfrom+疾病/災(zāi)難sufferfromcoldandhunger饑寒交迫sufferfromfloods遭受水災(zāi)suffer:(vt.)遭受，忍受sufferpain遭受痛苦sufferhunger挨餓,.,lack:(n.)beshortof,缺乏alackof,nolackoflack:(vt.)缺乏belackingin（1）他缺乏勇氣。Helackscourage./Heislackingincourage./Heshowsalackofcourage.（2）這里嚴(yán)重缺水。Thereisaseriouslackofwaterhere.（3）蔬菜不缺。Thereisnolackofvegetable.malnutrition:營養(yǎng)不良nutrition:(n.)營養(yǎng)nutrient:(n.)有營養(yǎng)的食物nutritious:(a.)有營養(yǎng)的,.,managetodosth.:能liveahealthylifeonlimitedtypesoffoodprimitive:crude,原始的foods:variouskindsoffood,各種各樣的食物food:食物的總稱（uncountable）fruits,fruitwhereas:butbesatisfiedwithsth.wants:(n.)onadietof:依靠的飲食習(xí)慣ondiet:節(jié)食monotonous:videsth.forsb.,.,wedifferfromhiminourfoodwantsAdifferfromB:A與B不相同differin:在（方面）有區(qū)別（1）我和我兄弟在許多方面都不同。MybrotherandIdifferinmanyways.Idifferfrommybrotherinmanyways.（2）日語發(fā)音和法語大不相同。JapanesediffersgreatlyfromFrenchinpronunciation.Bedifferentfromcomparewith:與相比較compareto:把比作Lifeispoeticallycomparedtothemorningdew.在詩歌中，人生被比喻為朝露。,.,notonlycanweenjoythefruitsgrowninthiscountry,butwecanalsoenjoythemoreexoticfruitsfromcountriesthousandsofmilesaway,wecannotonlyenjoythefruitsgrowninthiscountry,butwecanalsoButonlyAbutalsoBBaswellasAexotic:foreign,異國的thousandsof:數(shù)千的onethousand,twothousand,threethousand,hundredsof,millionsoffourhundredpeoplefivemilliondollars,.,limitto:(v.)restrict,把限定于（某個范圍）alimitto(n.)（1）媽媽把家里的開支限制于1000美元。Motherlimitedthefamilyexpenseto1000dollars.（2）凡事都有限度。Thereisalimittoeverything.（3）我能付得起的錢數(shù)是有限的。ThereisalimittotheamountofmoneyIcanafford.thesameistrueof:也一樣,.,regulate:adjust,控制，調(diào)節(jié)（1）regulatethetemperature:調(diào)節(jié)溫度（2）regulatethetraffic:管理交通regulations:rules,規(guī)則，規(guī)定（3）Everyoneshouldobeythetrafficregulations.人人都應(yīng)遵守交通規(guī)則。temperate:mild,notextreme,溫和的temperateclimate:溫帶的氣候tropicalcountries:熱帶國家arctic:北極的，寒帶的,.,likewise:inthesamewaychangewith:隨著而改變lightclothing:輕便