國際工程法律風(fēng)險ppt課件

國際工程法律風(fēng)險,1,國際工程合同十大法律風(fēng)險TOP10LegalRisksfor趙東峰,安泰賽斯國際項目管理咨詢（北京）有限公司,AntecessorInternationalPMConsulting(BeiJing)Co.,LTD.,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,2,演講人,安泰賽斯國際項目管理咨詢公司特聘專家畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)法學(xué)院，曾任職于中國某著名大型國際承包商，作為合同和法律事務(wù)管理人員參與了該公司多個大型國際EPC工程項目，并具有常駐境外參與項目具體實施的經(jīng)驗?，F(xiàn)為英國品誠梅森-合森中國項目與工程律師聯(lián)盟核心成員。他為境內(nèi)、境外幾十家國際工程承包商的數(shù)十個國際工程項目提供了爭議或非爭議法律服務(wù)，尤其在國際工程仲裁與爭議解決方面，為中國多家承包商在海外項目發(fā)生的包括ICC仲裁、UNCITRAL仲裁以及當(dāng)?shù)卦V訟在內(nèi)的爭議提供過法律服務(wù)，是我國能夠在國際工程仲裁和爭議解決領(lǐng)域提供法律服務(wù)的領(lǐng)先中國本土律師之一。參與撰寫了中國對外承包工程商會主持編寫的國際工程總承包項目管理規(guī)范中“爭議解決”篇；應(yīng)國際工程與勞務(wù)雜志邀請，發(fā)表多篇有關(guān)國際工程管理、合約和法律方面的居于實踐前沿的文章。為多家國內(nèi)大學(xué)、協(xié)會組織、工程公司講授國際工程法律、合約和管理方面的課程。受維也納大學(xué)邀請，為其國際工程法法學(xué)碩士研究生講授國際工程法課程，他是唯一一位受到該邀請的中國律師。,趙東峰ZhaoDongfeng,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,3,中國承包商似乎給當(dāng)?shù)貛硪还尚迈r空氣，他們只關(guān)心工程本身，缺乏合同、工程法律知識，合同觀念淡漠，可能附加成本巨大，卻又不進行有力的索賠，同時確實具有實施任何一個項目的財力和實力，這對雇主確實是最佳選擇。摘自英國某咨詢工程師向其雇主提供的竣工報告標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建筑合同比較研究以中英為視角歐海燕2010,開場白,3,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,4,今天的話題,一個關(guān)于“TOP10”的趣味游戲仁者見仁智者見智：國際工程合同十大法律風(fēng)險討論與分享：您心中的“TOP10”總結(jié)與建議Q&A,4,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,5,AninterestinggameTOP10,Subject:WhataretheTOP10legalrisksyouthinkwhenreviewinganinternationalconstructioncontract(nottakingaccountoftheparticularityofacertainproject)?列舉出您認為的國際工程合同審查時的十大法律風(fēng)險Organizer:ZhaoDongfengParticipants:JohnBishop,HewKianHeong,ShouravLahiriGameRules:Participantssendtheirownopinionsbyconfidentialemailandnooneknowstheanswerofothers.,5,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,6,YourTOP10？(2012.10.27),請大家在10-15分鐘左右的時間內(nèi)，列出您各自心目中的“TOP10”不限于合同和法律風(fēng)險,6,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,7,JohnBishopsTOP10,1.Applicablelaw/適用法律2.Disputeprocess/爭議解決3.EOTprovisions/工期延長條款4.LDs(DelayandPerformance)/延誤和性能違約金5.Capsonandexclusionsfromliability/責(zé)任限額和除外情形6.Cashrisk/資金風(fēng)險7.Unrecogniseddesignrisk/EmployerData/未識別設(shè)計風(fēng)險和業(yè)主資料8.ConditionsPrecedenttoentitlement/前提條件9.PerformanceSecurity/履約擔(dān)保10.Groundsfortermination/合同解除理由,7,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,8,HewKianHeongsTOP10,1.Paymentrisk/支付風(fēng)險2.Designresponsibility/設(shè)計責(zé)任3.AbuseofEmployer/Engineersrighttoapprovedesign/業(yè)主或工程師濫用設(shè)計審批權(quán)4.LimitedrightofContractortoclaimadjustmentofContractPrice承包商要求調(diào)整合同價格權(quán)利的限制5.AbusebyEmployerofperformancesecurity/業(yè)主惡意索賠保函6.OnerousprocedurestoclaimEOTandadditionalpayment/索賠工期和費用程序繁瑣7.Employersverybroadpowertoordervariations/業(yè)主指令變更權(quán)利過大8.LimitsofliabilityonLDs/違約金責(zé)任限額9.IncompatibilityofChinesestandardsandlocal/internationalstandard/中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與當(dāng)?shù)鼗驀H標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不兼容10.Ineffectivenessofdisputeresolutioninpractice/爭議解決程序無效,8,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,9,ShouravLahirisTOP10,1.Multiplecurrencies/多種支付貨幣2.Definitionofforcemajeure/不可抗力定義3.PerformanceBonds/履約保函4.Applicablestandardsandcodes/適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5.Partiestothecontract/合同當(dāng)事人6.Notificationofdelayevents/claims/索賠通知7.Insurance/保險8.Termination/解除9.Suspension/暫停10.Governinglawanddisputeresolutionprocess/準(zhǔn)據(jù)法與爭議解決過程,9,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,10,MyTOP10,1.稅(Tax)2.匯率(ExchangeRate)3.法律變換和價格波動(ChangeoflegislationandPriceEscalation)4.許可(Permits)5.技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(TechnicalStandards)6.設(shè)計責(zé)任(DesignResponsibility)7.損害賠償金與責(zé)任限制(LDs&LimitationofLiability)8.合同解除(TerminationofContract)9.適用法律(ApplicableLaw)10.索賠與爭議解決(ClaimandDisputeResolution),10,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,11,11,Bycomparisonall4one,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,12,12,Bycomparison,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,13,13,Bycomparison,Pleasenotethattherearenostandardanswersatall.仁者見仁，智者見智,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,14,適用法律與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ApplicableLawandStandards,14,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,15,LocalLaw/LawClause/ChangeofLawWhatlawistoapply?Lookatthelocallawsapplicabletothecontractandtenderingprocessestochecktheenforceabilityofthecontractgenerallyandofparticulartermssuchasthelanguageandlawclausesetc.DoestheEmployertaketheriskofachangeoflaw?,15,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,16,IncompatibilityofChinesestandardsandlocalorinternationalstandards,16,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,17,makeexpressmentionofagoverninglaw(anylaw,butmentionit)makecleariflocalstandards,British/AmericanstandardsorChinesestandardstobeusedforassessingperformanceofwork.Forprocessplants,theremightbeamixofstandards(civilworkstolocalstandards,processtoChinesestandards).Inthatcase,considerclearseparationand,incaseofconflict,apriorityprovision.,17,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,18,爭議解決DisputeResolution,18,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,19,ReviewtheDisputesProcesstoseewhetheritoffersaspeedyinterimdisputesprocess(e.g.DAB),andanoperablefinaldisputesprocessi.e.arbitrationresultinginanenforceable,19,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,20,IneffectivenessofdisputeresolutioninpracticetoallowContractortoproperlyenforcehisrights:norighttoarbitratebeforeprojectcompletionlocalarbitrationorcourtdelayindisputeresolutionprocessdifficultyinenforcement,20,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,21,ifchoosingarbitration,identifytheproperarbitralinstitutionatleastasthatwillatleasttakecareofanyomissionsinnecessaryinformation.Chooseaseat,languageandnumberofarbitratorsifyoucan.,21,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,22,履約擔(dān)保PerformanceSecurity,22,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,23,WhataretheContractorsbondingobligations?Aretheyondemand?Istherenoticebeforeacall?Isthereaprovisiondealingwithrepaymentfollowingawrongfulcall?,23,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,24,AbusebyEmployerofperformancesecurity.,24,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,25,forChinesecontractors,ifpossible,shouldtryandgettheOwnertoacceptabondfromaChinesebankpreferablyabranchoftheBankinChina,notthelocalbranchoftheChinesebank.Mayallowforeasierinjunctiverelief.,25,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,26,支付與幣種Payment&Currency,26,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,27,CashriskIspaymentsecured?Howlongistheperiodbetweenthetimewhencostisincurredandtermination/suspensionfornonpaymentispossible?Isthereretentionmoneyandcanitbeexchangedforabond?Howgreatisthecashconsequenceofanimproperbondcall,27,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,28,therightoftheContractortobepaidontimepaymentmechanismpaymentmethodlinkagewithcashflowandprogressofworktheprotectionaffordedtotheContractorifhedoesnotgetpaidontimerighttoaskforevidenceoffinancingpaymentsecurityrighttosuspendorterminaterighttogotodisputeresolution.,28,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,29,MultiplecurrenciesIfcontractpriceisstipulatedinonecurrencybutisbeingpaidintwoormorecurrencies,butthecontractorscostsarenotinthesamecurrenciesorinthesamecurrenciesbutnotinthesameproportionsasthepaymentsplit,thenneedeitheraprovisionthatallowsforadjustmentuponchangesinexchangeratesbetweenthecurrenciesorthecontractorneedstoconsiderhedging.,29,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,30,Suspensionsomecountrieslawsmayallowthecontractorastatutoryrighttosuspendperformanceoftheworkfornon-paymentofinterimcertificates,eventhoughthereisnocontractualprovisionallowingit.Justensurethereisnocontractualprovisionexpresslyremovingthecontractorsrighttososuspendifthecontractissilentonthispoint,itsbetter.,30,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,31,前提條件ConditionsPrecedent,31,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,32,ConditionsPrecedenttoentitlementWhatmusttheContractordotoobtainentitlements?Whatistheconsequenceoffailingtomeettheconditionsprecedent?,32,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,33,OnerousprocedurestoclaimEOTandadditionalpaymentnoticerequirementslevelofproof,33,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,34,Notificationofdelayevents/claimscheckiftheyarestatedtobe(a)conditionprecedentsbarringentitlementor(b)requirements,thefailuretocomplywithwhichmayprejudiceextentofrecovery.Tryandavoid(a)typeofclausesifpossible.Butinadministeringthecontract,putinplacepropernotificationproceduresanywayassomecountrieslawswillupholdConditionsPrecedentclausesstrictly.,34,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,35,工期延長與費用索賠ExtensionofTime(EOT)andCostClaims,35,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,36,EOTprovisionsWhenistheContractorentitledtoanEOT?IfadvisinganEmployer,isthereatimeatlargerisk?,36,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,37,LimitedrightofContractortoclaimadjustmentofContractPricei.e.materialcostescalationchangeoflawunforeseengroundconditionscurrencyfluctuationrisketc.,37,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,38,違約金與責(zé)任限額LDsandLimitationofLiability,38,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,39,LiquidatedDamages(LDs,forDelayandPerformance)Whatisthelevel?Aretheycappedandifsoatwhatlevel?Isitanexclusiveremedy?Aretheycapableofattackunderthelocallaw?,39,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,40,CapsonandexclusionsfromliabilityandgroundsforbreachingcapIsthereacap?Whatliabilitiesareexcluded(e.g.consequentiallosses)?Arethecapandexclusionsenforceableunderthelocallaw?Whencanthecapsbebreached?,40,JohnBishop/莊本信(Contd),國際工程法律風(fēng)險,41,WhetherthecontracthaslimitsofliabilityonLDs(delayand/orperformance)andoveralllimitonliability.,41,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,42,設(shè)計責(zé)任DesignResponsibility,42,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,43,Unrecogniseddesignrisk/EmployerDataIftheContractorhasadesignrisk,isitwhatheexpected?Doeshehaveahiddendesignrisk(heselectionofplantandmaterials)?Ishetakingadesignriskbecausesubcontractorshaveone?Ifsohowisitsecured?Ifheneedsdesignapproval,whatistheprocessandisitcapableofbeingabused?(e.g.mustallcommentsbegivenatthefirstopportunity?)Isthereaco-ordination/interfacerisk?IstheEmployeracceptinganyrisk(hesiteorotherconditionsandintheinformationheprovidestothecontractor),43,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,44,DesignresponsibilitywhatmustContractordesignfreedomofchoiceliabilityfordesignfailure.AbuseofEmployer/Engineersrighttoapprovedesign.,44,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,45,解除Termination,45,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,46,GroundsforterminationWhatarethegroundsfortermination?Aretheyreasonable?Isthereacureperiod?,46,JohnBishop/莊本信,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,47,Terminationforconveniencesomecountrieslawsdonotallowforacontractualrighttoterminateforconvenience.Iftheownerseekstoexercisethisprovision,thecontractormaybeabletoresistit(tostrengthenhisbargainingpositionindiscussionsofpostterminationdamagespayment).,47,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,48,變更Variation,48,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,49,EmployersverybroadpowertoordervariationsandtorequireCtoperformfirst,claimlater.,49,HewKianHeong/丘健雄,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,50,不可抗力ForceMajure,50,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,51,Definitionofforcemajeureincontractswhichhaveanoffshoreelementinadditiontoanonshoreelementshouldensurethatwar,insurrectionetcintheoffshorecountryalsoqualifyasforcemajeureevents.,51,ShouravLahiri/肖瑞夫,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,52,合同當(dāng)事人PartiestotheContract,52,國際工程法律風(fēng)險,53,makesurethattheentitysigningthecontracthastheappropriateauthoritytodosoifagovernmentalentity,alsothattheyhavethecorrectapprovalssomeassetsincasen