2020屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習【專題九】名詞性從句精品教學(xué)案VIP

【專題九】名詞性從句【考情分析】1what，that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別；2whether，if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別；3名詞性從句與定語從句、狀語從句的區(qū)別；4it作形式主語、形式賓語的情況；5名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣?！局R歸納】考點一：名詞性從句分類名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。（一）主語從句1、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。e.g. It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.注意：that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（二）表語從句1、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。e.g. The question was who could go there.注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.（三）賓語從句1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2、介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或 whether。e.g. Im interested in whether youve finished the work.Im interested in what youve said.注意1：whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。賓語從句是否定句時，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 會引起誤解，就要用whether。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當成條件句理解）賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.注意2以下情況只能用whether介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)whether 可與不定式連用whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，讓步狀語從句，以上從句中均不能換成if賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.They dont know whether to go there.（四）同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.1.同位語從句的功能同位語從句對名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.國王作出的這名囚犯釋放的決定讓人們大吃一驚。2.同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他從瑪麗那里得知運動會要延期舉行。3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）考點二 名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞分類：1 從屬連詞：that, whether, if, as if注意：that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義，在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略；if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔任成分。Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表語從句）Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（賓語從句）That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主語從句）需要注意的是：引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句的情況，that是不可以省略的2 連接代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whicheverEg:Who will take his place is unknown.That is what he is worried about.I have no idea which team will win.注意：連接代詞有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。3 連接副詞：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, howeverEg:Where she has gone s not known yet.Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.This is why he is late.You have no idea how worried I was.注意：連接副詞有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，作狀語?？偨Y(jié)：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式，而應(yīng)用陳述語序。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時，才用that作連接詞（that本身無任何含義）?？键c三 that 和what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但that是連接詞，本身無詞義，僅起連接作用，不在從句中擔任任何成分；what是連接代詞，不僅引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而且在從句中充當一定的成分，如主語、賓語或表語。如：That he stole a bike was true.他真的偷了一輛自行車。The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.重要的是你做什么，而不是說什么?？键c四 if和whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句，常可互換。但從句中有or not時或介詞賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其他名詞性從句，如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether連接，不用if。如：I dont care about whether you have money or not.我并不在意你是否有錢。介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。如：I could say nothing but that I was angry.我無話可說，只是感到生氣?？键c五 “疑問詞”及“疑問詞ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句1如何選擇這些引導(dǎo)詞呢？根據(jù)它們的意思和從句所缺的成分進行選擇(1)who意為“誰”，在從句中可以用作主語、表語或賓語。(2)whom意為“誰”，在從句中用作賓語，一般可以用who來取代，但在介詞后面時只能用whom。(3)whose意為“誰的”，在從句中用作定語。(4)which意為“哪一個”，在從句中用作定語。(5)when意為“什么時候”，在從句中用作時間狀語；where意為“哪里”，在從句中用作地點狀語；how意為“怎樣，多么”，在從句中用作狀語；why意為“為什么”，在從句中用作原因狀語。2連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當于anyone who, anything that等。他們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter who/ what/ which。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何違法的人都要受到懲罰。3who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別一般說來，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無論什么/無論誰”，相當于anything that./anyone who.。 如：Whoever wants to go may go.無論誰想去都可以去。Do you know who can repair a bike?你知道誰會修自行車嗎？You can have whatever food you want.你想吃什么都可以。He can do what he wants to.他可以(能夠)想做什么就做什么。【提醒】(1)介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides, in等之后才用。(2)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞that一般可以省略，但如果有二個或二個以上的賓語從句時，最后一個that不可以省略。(3)如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則必須用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置，并且that不能省略。(4)doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/ if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/ if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。(5)連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。1. 在主語從句中, 下面的幾種情況謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”,should可省略。 “It is+形容詞+that . ”句型。常見的形容詞有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等。I was surprised/shocked that the boy should shout at his head teacher. 這位男生竟然對班主任大聲嚷嚷,我感到很吃驚。 It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位貧窮老人竟然被邀請參加他的婚禮,真是奇怪。 “It is +名詞+that .”句型。常見的名詞有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提議,建議),requirement, request, desire, order等。Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board should have been saved while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York. “It is+動詞的過去分詞+ that . ”句型。常見的動詞有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。如: It was ordered that no parking allowed in front of the building.2. 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提議), requirement, suggestion等名詞的表語從句、同位語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。如: Its his suggestion made yesterday that we delay buying a flat.3. 在下列動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。這類動詞有:insist(堅持), urge(催促), order(命令),command(命令), request(請求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建議),advise(建議),propose(建議) , recommend(建議, 推薦) 等。如:1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.4. 用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時，或would, could, might+現(xiàn)在完成時。例：I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了)He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去)We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事實上他并沒同我們講)I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事實上已遲了).【考點例析】1. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. 【2020陜西卷】A whateverB. whichever C. wheneverD. wherever1.B 考查名詞性從句。句意：由于提供了五個課程，因此你可以自由選擇最適合你的那一個。所填詞引導(dǎo)的從句做動詞choose的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語，故正確答案為B。2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. 【2020北京卷】A. why B. how C. that D. whether2 C。本題考查名詞性從句。賓語從句不缺少成分用that引導(dǎo)。故正確答案為C。3It suddenly occurred to him _he had left his keys in the office. 【2020江西卷】AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat3.D考點：考察名詞性從句當中的主語從句。it作形式主語，真正的主語為that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中無意義，并不充當任何成分。故正確答案為D。4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. 2020湖南高考真題A. why B. how C. whether D. when 4.C 本題考查名詞性從句引導(dǎo)的用法。根據(jù)空后的or可知為whether or短語。故正確答案為C。5. Evidence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2020重慶卷】A. why B. how C. whether D. that4. D考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處后面為句子主語“Evidence”的同位語從句，在這一從句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，應(yīng)該使用“that”作為引導(dǎo)詞。因此，正確答案為D選項。5.The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 【2020安徽卷】A. where B. whether C. that D. why5.B 考查名詞性從句。首先把插入語generally speaking刪掉， but whether he reaches these limits作為句子主語，也就是說本題應(yīng)為whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句，故正確答案為B。6. It is by no means clear _the president can do to end the strike. 【2020全國新課程】A. how B. which C. that D. what6. D 本題考查主語從句。句意：總統(tǒng)采取什么行動結(jié)束這次罷工一點也不清楚。此處it是形式主語，what引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，作真正的主語。What作do的賓語。故空格處應(yīng)使用兼語詞what, 故正確答案D。7. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 【2020山東卷】A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why7 B 本題考查主語從句。句意：在這個商店中用現(xiàn)金或信用卡支付都可以。此處it是形式主語，后面whether.or引導(dǎo)的主語從句是真正的主語，whether.or意為：是還是都行。8. We promise _attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 【2020福建卷】A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever8.C 本題考查名詞性從句。首先本句考查的關(guān)鍵短語是promise sb sth“向某人承諾某事“本句指的是向參加聚會的人提供一個和電影明星合影的機會，不定式做chance的定語，然后就是參加聚會的任何人whoever=anyone who，故正確答案為C。9.It doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossing -both roads lead to the park. (2020天津卷)A. whetherB. howC. if D. when9.A考查名詞性從句。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐還是向左拐都沒有關(guān)系兩條路都到公園。whether引導(dǎo)主語從句。it做形式主語。因為從句的部分是選擇性的一般疑問句，所以選擇whether。10.Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?No, _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.【2020上海卷】A. who B. that C. what D. which10.C考查名詞性從句。句意：我們只是弄到了這只小的書架，行嗎？不行。我所要找的是比它更大更堅實的書架。既要引導(dǎo)主語從句又要在主語從句中作賓語，只有what具備這樣的雙重功能。故正確答案為C【方法技巧】我個人認為在師生備考復(fù)習的過程中應(yīng)該：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1從結(jié)構(gòu)和句意兩方面分析定語從句和名詞性從句，尤其是定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別。2從結(jié)構(gòu)入手，分析名詞性從句和狀語從句之間的關(guān)系及區(qū)別。3加強名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞各自意義，用法，特點的辨析。4加強長、難句的分析和理解練習?？傊?，在名詞性從句的測試中首先應(yīng)該把握住名詞性從句的定義：相當于一個名詞的句子；其次應(yīng)該記住名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞：that、what、whether、if、who、whom、whoever、which、whichever、whose、when、where、how、why等等；再就是應(yīng)該弄明白連接詞之間的區(qū)別和各自的功能，比如：that和what 、whether和if等等；最關(guān)鍵的應(yīng)該學(xué)會分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來找到解決問題的突破口：即問題的題眼?！緦ｎ}訓(xùn)練】1.Your skirt is really splendid, but _we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.A. that B. what C. whether D. how.2. _made me more surprised was _the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.A. What ;that B. That; that C. What; whether D. It; that3. What do you think of this suggestion that we _lunch at the new restaurant?A. will have B. are going to have C. would have C. have4. I dont know the reason _you were absent from the meeting, but Im sure that someone will tell me the reason _you havent told me.A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that5. _made his mother surprised was _Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.A. What; that B. What; because C. That; what D. That; because6. According to Bill Gates, the idea _we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear _it will be on sale and _it will cost.A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the peoples fear _they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.A. whether B. which C. when D. that8. Word has come _in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.A. that B. while C. when D. as9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders _will happen to her private life.A. it B. what C. which D. that.10. I think Mother would like to know _Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.A. which B. why C. what D. how11. Pointing to the house on_roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that w