模擬演練10-2019屆江蘇高考英語3500詞匯復(fù)習(xí)與檢測(解析版)

一、單項填空(從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項)1.If you love someone, why must you chain him to your side, control his emotion, and even make him _ you?A. calculate on B. concentrate on C. center on D. catch on【答案】A【解析】calculate on期待，指望；concentrate on集中注意力于；center on以為中心；catch on變得流行，理解。句意：如果你愛一個人，為什么你就得把他拴在你的身邊而不放，控制他的情緒甚至讓他以你為中心呢？2.Its difficult to _ all tastes. One mans meat is another mans poison.A. carry out B. cater to C. carry off D. adjust to【答案】B【解析】carry out進行，實施，完成，實現(xiàn)；cater to迎合，滿足要求；carry off贏得，獲得；adjust to調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)。從句意可知taste是指人的口味，品味，從搭配上判斷B選項正確。句意：很難迎合各種口味的需求。俗話說，蘿卜青菜各有所愛。3.The Japanese people keep up _ spirits to convince the world that they can get over the crisis caused by the terrible tsunami.A. carefulB. casual C. cheerfulD. cautious 【答案】C4.Welfare payments_as soon as an individual starts a job.A. charge B. cease C. change D. calculate【答案】B【解析】cease“停止，終止，結(jié)束”，符合語境。charge收費，要價；change改變，變化；calculate計算。句意：一旦就業(yè)，即停發(fā)福利救濟。5.Histempers been _thisweek,sodontannoyhim.A. chargeable B. casualC. changeable D. calm【答案】C【解析】chargeable可以控訴的，可記在某項賬目上的，可充電的casual隨便的，非正式的，漫不經(jīng)心的；changeable多變的，喜怒無常的；calm鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的。句意：這星期他脾氣喜怒無常，所以不要惹他生氣。6.Hisstudyis _; ittakeslongtimeto puthispapersinorder.A. in cash B. in chains C. in case D. inchaos 【答案】D【解析】in chaos“混亂，一片狼藉”與in order “井然有序”意義相對。句意：他的書房一片狼藉，整理好他的文件要花好長時間。7.Itis_ofhimtogotoworkbeforebreakfast.A. characteristicB. cautiousC. cheerfulD. capable 【答案】A【解析】characteristic“特有的，獨特的，顯示的特征的”，符合語境。句意：還未吃早飯就去工作，這正是他的特點，8.Goldstone_theideaput forward at the yesterdays meeting further beforemakingadecision.A. cast aboutB. checked inC. chewedover D. cashed in on 【答案】C【解析】chew over“考慮”，符合語境。句意：戈德斯通在下決定前，進一步考慮了有人在昨天的會議上所提出的這個想法。9.The teacher suggested we do the exercises with great _ though they were easy.A. checkB. cautionC. capabilityD. challenge 【答案】B【解析】check檢查，核對；caution小心，謹慎；capability能力；challenge挑戰(zhàn)。句意：盡管他們很簡單，老師建議我們小心的做這些練習(xí)題。10.The _ of surfing the Internet is how you can tell whether the information is true or not.A. capabilityB. competitionC. challengeD. champion【答案】C11.The news came as a surprise to us all that Mr. Smith was _ by the judge with an attempted crime.A. accused B. chargedC. blamed D. caught【答案】B【解析】注意后面的介詞with，構(gòu)成be charged with(被指控)的常用短語；句意：史密斯先生被法官指控犯罪未遂的消息讓我們都很驚訝。12.Recent research has _ the causes of the mysterious disease that has claimed thousands of lives.A. cast light onB. caught hold ofC. broken away fromD. cast a shadow on【答案】A【解析】cast light on“使(問題等)較容易理解”，符合語境。句意：最近的研究可以使人了解這種奪取成千上萬人的神秘疾病的原因。13.Lets hold a party to _ your birthday and at the same time _ you on your passing the driving test.A. congratulate, celebrateB. celebrate, celebrateC. celebrate, congratulate D. congratulate, congratulate【答案】C【解析】celebrate sth.慶祝某事；congratulate sb. on.祝賀某人。句意：讓我們舉辦一個聚會慶祝你的生日，同時祝賀你通過了駕照考試。學(xué)科&網(wǎng)14.Firstly, they must _that their pension needs are adequately catered for.A. check out B. take chancesC. makecertain D. have shaped【答案】C【解析】check out清點，檢查；take chances冒險，碰運氣make certain弄清楚，確保；catch on變得流行，理解。句意：首先，他們得確保他們能獲得足夠的養(yǎng)老金。15.Teenagers should be _ about the content on social networking sites, for their tastes and preferences are shaped by what they see in the media.A. anxious B. curious C. conscious D. cautious【答案】D16.To be honest, I dont want to get a job where Im _ to a desk all day. It will bore me to death.A. calculatedB. changed C. chainedD. challenged【答案】C【解析】be chained to“受縛于”，符合語境。be calculated to do sth.打算或計劃做某事。句意：老實說，我不想找一份整天坐在辦公桌前的工作我不想要那份工作。那樣的會讓我無聊得要死。17.If we go on using energy so wastefully, _ are that our oil wells will be dried up before new energy sources can be found to replace oil.A. opportunities B. chancesC. conditions D. challenges【答案】B【解析】opportunities機會；chances機會，可能性；conditions條件；challenge挑戰(zhàn)。句意：如果我們繼續(xù)使用能源時那樣浪費，在發(fā)現(xiàn)新的能源替代之前，我們的油井可能會干涸。18.Are you still hoping and waiting for someone somewhere to come to your rescue, wave a magic stick and immediately _ your life for the better?A. arrange B. care C. apply D. change【答案】D【解析】change.for用去換。句意：你還在希望并等待著會有來自某個地方的人前來解救你，一揮魔杖，你的生活立即就變的更好嗎？19.At the end of the historic area, Wilmington displayed its _ as a working port city: large ware-house and a few other dated office buildings.A. center B. category C. character D. certificate【答案】C【解析】center場所，中心；category種類，類別，范疇；character性格，角色，特點；certificate證明。句意：在這片歷史地域的盡頭，威明頓市曾經(jīng)扮演了一個港口城市的角色：到處是大型的倉庫和其它一些陳舊的辦公樓。20.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when local 5-star hotels _ 6,000 yuan for one night.A. cast B. chased C. caused D. charged【答案】D【解析】charge“收費”，符合語境。句意：由于金融危機，當?shù)匚逍羌壘频暌煌硎召M6000 元的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。21.He _ at once when I promised to help him.A. cheered up B. called up C. caught up D. broke up【答案】A【解析】cheered up(使)高興起來；call up(給)打電話，喚醒，叫醒；catch up趕上，追上；break up分手，破裂。句意：當我答應(yīng)幫他的時候，他立刻高興起來。22.We need a room for tonight, and Id like to take a chance to _ without reservation.Dont you know about the jammed hotels in this season? Better play it safe.A. check out B. check inC. cash in D. call in【答案】B23.Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies. A. chased B. chanted C. checked D. compensated 【答案】A【解析】chase“追求，追尋”，符合語境。句意：頂尖的高校畢業(yè)生受到了許多大公司的追捧(青睞)。24.Thecompanyengagedinadeliberateeffortto _ themoutoftheirpensionsA. catch B. ceaseC. challenge D. cheat【答案】D【解析】cheat“欺騙，騙取”，符合語境。句意：公司涉嫌蓄意騙取他們的養(yǎng)老金。25.Now the Internet is a popular _ through which the public voice their opinions and show their strength.A. chapter B. caption C. channel D. category【答案】C【解析】channel“航道，水渠，渠道”，符合語境。句中“through which=and through the channel”通過這個渠道。句意：現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種流行的渠道，通過這個渠道，公眾提出他們的建議并展示他們的力量。26.Children exposed to different difficult situations are better at handling those _ tasks.A. challenged B. cautiousC. challenging D. absorbing【答案】C【解析】challenging“有挑戰(zhàn)性的”，符合語境。句意：接觸不同困難處境的孩子更善于處理具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。27.He _ desperately in vain for something to say to break the silence.A. cared aboutB. cast aboutC. carried outD. carried through【答案】B【解析】cast about“想法設(shè)法”，符合語境。句意：他拼命地(枉費心機)想找到某些話題來打破沉默。28.Hello. Id like to have a talk with Mr. Smith staying in your hotel.Im sorry, but he isnt here. He _ this morning.A. checked inB. called inC. checked outD. camped out【答案】C29.It was in the lab which _ Professor Zhang that they did the experiment .A. was taken the charge of B. in the charge ofC. in charge of byD. was taken charge of by【答案】D【解析】in the charge of和in charge of都是介詞短語，不可以用來作謂語。was taken charge of by=took the charge of sb.被(由)某人負責。句意：他們做的那次實驗就是在張教授負責的實驗室里做的。30.The fine for speeding is so heavy that few drivers would _.A. cast about B. cash in C. take chances D. cast down【答案】C【解析】take chances“冒險，碰運氣”，符合語境。句意：超速的罰款如此之重以致于很少有司機會去冒險。根據(jù)語境可知選C項。二、完形填空(從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項)Just several days ago, a violent storm hit our community. I looked out of the window and witnessed a tree being _1_ by the fierce winds. The branches bent, and swayed back and forth, thanks to their _2_ to avoid breaking. The leaves desperately stuck to the branches because their life _3_ the tree. The powerful trunk that _4_ the tree upright bent slightly backwards from the force in a battle to _5_ its position.After the storm had passed, the tree gracefully returned to its _6_ position standing tall among the chaos. It managed to _7_ the storm. It didnt look the same as leaves had shed from its branches and the soil had loosened a bit, but what _8_ is that the tree won the fight for its life.For a long time I couldnt understand why this tree _9_ my attention the way it did. As time passed, it became _10_ that it wasnt just about the tree but about the roots, which, although unseen, dig deep into the soil providing _11_ and nutrition. The roots allow the tree to be able to take a _12_ because they are there to support them.I couldnt but ask myself how deep the roots are in my life. _13_, the next time you catch your kids_14_, when the job is driving you crazy, when you are underpaid and the _15_ is tight, and when the storms of life are raging, go back to your roots. Life is full of _16_. They will make you sway, make you _17_, make you lose some leaves but the deeper your roots the stronger you stand.Faced with _18_ you might bend but dont break. No matter how hard the wind blows dont let ife_19_ you into an uncomfortable position. Your _20_ lies in your roots.語篇解讀：文章講述了作者看到大樹遭遇強風(fēng)暴時，雖然樹枝搖擺彎曲，樹葉飄落，甚至根部的泥土都有些松動，但是泥土深處的強勁根部，不僅給大樹輸送營養(yǎng)，還保障了大樹的穩(wěn)固性，使其在狂風(fēng)肆虐之下得以生存。作者由此聯(lián)想到人生，當我們遇到殘酷的挑戰(zhàn)時，應(yīng)該像大樹那樣，從根部樹立堅定的信念，和勇往直前的勇氣，堅忍不拔，不被困難打倒。 1.A. chained B. abused C. broken D. ceased【答案】B2.A. height B. thickness C. flexibility D. outline【答案】C【解析】height高度；thickness厚度；flexibility柔韌性；outline輪廓。根據(jù)空前的句子The branches bent, and swayed back and forth可知描述的是樹的韌性，因此C項正確。句意：樹枝彎曲，來回擺動，多虧了它們的柔韌性，才得以避免被折斷。3.A. answered for B. calculated on C. catered for D. chased after 【答案】B 【解析】answer for對負責；cater for迎合；chase after追求；calculate on “依賴于”，符合句意，因此B項正確。句意：樹葉緊緊附在樹枝上，因為它們的生命依賴于樹。 4.A. held B. tied C. pulled D. raised 【答案】A 【解析】tie打結(jié)，系??；pull拉；raise提升，養(yǎng)育。held是hold的過去式，在這里意為支撐，故A項正確。句意：強大的樹干支撐著樹，使得它在保持自己位置的戰(zhàn)斗中，只是向后彎曲。5.A. achieve B. reach C. establish D. maintain 【答案】D6.A. current B. final C. original D. comfortable【答案】C【解析】current現(xiàn)在的；final最終的；original最初的，原來的；comfortable舒適的。本句中用returned(回到)，結(jié)合文章大意，大樹應(yīng)該是沒被風(fēng)吹到，又回到了它原來的位置，因此C項正確。句意：風(fēng)暴過后，這棵樹又優(yōu)雅地回到了原來的位置，高高聳立在一片狼藉中。7.A. explore B. avoid C. cast D. survive【答案】D【解析】explore探索；avoid避免；cast投，扔，拋，撒；survive幸存，存活，根據(jù)句意，D項正確。句意：它努力在風(fēng)暴中幸存下來。8.A. counts B. differs C. concerns D. reveals【答案】A【解析】A項count在此為不及物動詞，意為重要，differ不同；concern關(guān)心；reveal顯露，故A項正確。句意：重要的是，這棵樹贏得了這場生存之戰(zhàn)。9.A. fixed B. transferred C. escaped D. caught【答案】D【解析】catch ones attention為固定搭配，意為引起某人的注意，故D 項正確。句意：很長一段時間我都不明白，為什么這棵樹會以這種方式引起我的注意。學(xué)科&網(wǎng)10.A. strange B. obvious C. possible D. reasonable 【答案】B【解析】strange奇怪的，陌生的，possible可能的；reasonable合理的。而B項obvious明顯的，符合語境，故B 項正確。句意：隨著時間的推移，原因變得很明顯了，引起我注意的不僅僅是樹本身，還包括它的根，雖然看不見，卻深深地扎根于地下，給樹提供穩(wěn)定性(使樹牢固地站立)和營養(yǎng)。11.A. surroundings B. resources C. probability D. stability【答案】B12.A. beating B. stand C. chance D. turning【答案】A【解析】take a beating固定搭配，受打擊，經(jīng)受挫折，因此A項正確。take a chance冒險，碰運氣。句意：樹根允許樹能夠經(jīng)受挫折，因為有它們在支持它。13.A. However B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Besides 【答案】B 【解析】however表轉(zhuǎn)折，therefore表因果，nevertheless表轉(zhuǎn)折，besides表并列，因此 B項正確。空格前一句句意為：我不禁問自己，我生命中的根在有多深。后一句句意：下一次當你發(fā)現(xiàn)你的孩子行為不端時，當你的工作快把你逼瘋時，當你的工資過低，你的錢又很緊張時，當生命的風(fēng)暴肆虐時，回到你的根部?？芍昂髢删鋵儆谝蚬P(guān)系，思考過自己的根有多深，因此可以在風(fēng)暴肆虐時回到根部。14.A. misbehaving B. struggling C. withdrawing D. misunderstanding 【答案】A【解析】A項misbehaving意為行為不禮貌。struggling斗爭；withdrawing撤回，撤銷；misunderstanding誤解，因此A項正確。句意：當你發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子行為不端時。15.A. security B. deadline C. money D. community【答案】C【解析】security安全；deadline最后期限；money錢；community社區(qū)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，money與前面的單詞underpaid相對應(yīng)，即當你感覺報酬不足，用錢緊張時，因此C項正確。句意：當你的工資過低，你的錢又很緊張時。16.A. surprises B. choices C. storms D. changes【答案】C17.A. smile B. bend C. hesitate D. advance【答案】B【解析】smile微笑；bend彎曲；hesitate猶豫；advance前進。前文提到樹干被大風(fēng)刮得有點彎曲，這里指人生遇到的風(fēng)暴也會讓人如同大樹一樣，有點彎曲，但是根系越深，人便站得越穩(wěn)，因此B項符合語境。句意：他們會使你搖擺，使你彎曲，使你失去一些葉子，但是你的根越深，你站得越穩(wěn)。18.A. chaos B. challenges C. tasks D. differences【答案】B【解析】chaos混亂，雜亂，紊亂；challenges挑戰(zhàn)；task任務(wù)；differences不同。challenges意為挑戰(zhàn)，與上一段提到的storms相對應(yīng)，即人生中遇到的各種困難，因此B項正確。句意：面對挑戰(zhàn)，你可能會彎曲，但是不要被折斷。19.A. cheat B. argue C. force D. admit【答案】C【解析】force sb into固定短語，意為“強迫某人”，因此 C項正確。句意：無論風(fēng)暴有多么強烈，都不要讓生活逼迫自己處于不舒服的境地。20.A. courage B. ambition C. value D. strength【答案】D【解析】courage勇氣；ambition野心，雄心；value價值；strength力量，力氣。上一段最后一句話中的the deeper your roots the stronger you stand是對本題答案的提示，即：根系越深站得越穩(wěn)，就是說你的力量來自于你堅實的根基，所以D項正確。句意：你的力量存在于你的根基上。三、任務(wù)型閱讀(請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一個最恰當?shù)脑~)“HELL is a city much like London,” said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers(居民)have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclearuntil now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging(機能性磁共振成像，簡稱fMRI)to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress.In Dr Meyer-Lindenbergs first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25-40%). To make the experience still more embarrassing, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.The city peoples general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen. However, their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas(杏仁核)and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex(前扣帶皮層，簡稱pACC).People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a persons childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now while the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. fMRI allows such connections to be measured.In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the connections were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these connections broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of order.Dr Meyer-Lindenberg and his team conducted several more experiments to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths testsand also tests in which they were mentally ups and downswhile investigators scolded them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given stress-free tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the pACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental effort.As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small and the result showed an association, rather than a definite, causal relationship. That association is, nevertheless, interesting. Living in cities brings many benefits, but Dr Meyer-Lindenbergs work suggests that Shelley and his fellow Romantics had at least half a point.Title: Do urban brains behave differently from rural ones?Purpose of the researchThe research was conducted to explain why city dwellers are more likely to 1_ serious disorders than countrymen.Process of the researchDesign of the researchThe researchers made the participants take difficult maths tests and provided negative feedback, which served as the source of 2_ for the participants.Meanwhile the researchers scanned their brains and got indications by a scanning technique called fMRI .Findings of the researchThe activity level in the amygdalas is highest in city dwellers, 3_ by those living in towns and the countryside. Besides, the amygdalas respond 4_.The activity level of a persons pACC, regulating the amygdalas, is 5_ by the place where he was raised, and the pACC works when a person is at a 6_ age.The association between the amygdalas and the pACC depends on a pers