模具制造網(wǎng)格資源服務(wù)平臺及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究畢業(yè)課程設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

模具制造網(wǎng)格資源服務(wù)平臺及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究摘要網(wǎng)格的本質(zhì)特征是資源的共享和協(xié)作。本文提出了模具制造網(wǎng)格服務(wù)平臺的體系結(jié)構(gòu)，提出由資源層、資源表示層和接口層表示的模具制造資源層次模型，對模具企業(yè)里的各種與模具全生命周期有關(guān)的資源進(jìn)行了分類，闡述r如何對模具制造資源進(jìn)行聚類、描述和封裝。為模具企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)信息化和網(wǎng)格化制造提供理論支撐。關(guān)鍵詞：制造網(wǎng)格，資源封裝，網(wǎng)格服務(wù)，模具制造1 簡介網(wǎng)格技術(shù)是新型網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上所有資源，包括計(jì)算資源、存儲資源、通信資源、軟件資源、硬件資源、信息資源、知識資源等的全面連通，并消除資源孤島。每種資源作為網(wǎng)格的一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，具有一定的屬性，實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的功能，在網(wǎng)格平臺上，用戶只需向網(wǎng)格提交“任務(wù)”，網(wǎng)格會自動(dòng)分配相應(yīng)的資源來完成工作，并將結(jié)果反饋給用戶1。美國Argonne國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室Globus項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人Ian Foster將網(wǎng)格描述為“在動(dòng)態(tài)變化的多個(gè)虛擬機(jī)構(gòu)間共享資源和協(xié)同解決問題”。網(wǎng)格技術(shù)與其它技術(shù)相比，例如Internet、分布式計(jì)算(DCE)、對等計(jì)算P2P技術(shù)，其明顯區(qū)別就是資源被網(wǎng)格化封裝，對資源的共享不再是初始層次的文件交換，而是指能夠以服務(wù)的方式直接地訪問計(jì)算機(jī)、軟件、數(shù)據(jù)以及其它資源2。網(wǎng)格具有資源共享、協(xié)同工作和動(dòng)態(tài)組成虛擬組織這3個(gè)特點(diǎn)。目前，國內(nèi)外許多公司和研究機(jī)構(gòu)都對網(wǎng)格技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)。在工程領(lǐng)域，BOEING，F(xiàn)ORD和BMW等大公司都在嘗試使用網(wǎng)格計(jì)算進(jìn)行復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)與仿真，重點(diǎn)解決飛機(jī)、汽車等復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品的海量計(jì)算問題。福特使用網(wǎng)格技術(shù)構(gòu)造了一個(gè)網(wǎng)上集市，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接到它的3萬多個(gè)供貨商，從而能夠節(jié)省大約80億美元的采購成本。如何將網(wǎng)格技術(shù)應(yīng)用在制造領(lǐng)域，解決制造資源共享問題，引起了國內(nèi)外研究機(jī)構(gòu)的興趣3。模具是制造業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備，是技術(shù)、勞動(dòng)、資金密集型的高附加值產(chǎn)品。許多模具企業(yè)在資金、設(shè)備、人力以及技術(shù)方面的力量相對薄弱，資源不足，缺乏市場競爭力。制造資源利用效率低，共享性差，導(dǎo)致重復(fù)投資。信息化資源分散、異構(gòu)、復(fù)雜，缺乏跨區(qū)域及部門協(xié)作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)4。網(wǎng)格技術(shù)為如何整合模具企業(yè)制造資源提供了有效的解決途徑?；诰W(wǎng)格和相關(guān)的信息技術(shù)，借助于網(wǎng)絡(luò)將分散在不同類型的模具企業(yè)和社會群體中的模具相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、管理、信息、技術(shù)、智力和軟件資源，通過封裝和集成，屏蔽資源的異構(gòu)性和分布性，以透明的方式為用戶提供各類制造服務(wù)。模具制造網(wǎng)格使企業(yè)能夠以請求服務(wù)的方式方便地獲得所有與制造相關(guān)的服務(wù)，能夠像使用本地資源一樣方便地使用封裝在制造網(wǎng)格中所有的資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)各類資源的集成和優(yōu)化運(yùn)行，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)模具企業(yè)間的商務(wù)協(xié)同、設(shè)計(jì)協(xié)同、制造協(xié)同和供應(yīng)鏈協(xié)同。2 服務(wù)平臺結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格技術(shù)在制造業(yè)的應(yīng)用，可以為制造業(yè)提供一個(gè)公共的制造網(wǎng)格平臺，可實(shí)現(xiàn)資源共享、協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)和協(xié)同制造，達(dá)到降低制造成本、提高資源利用率和加快產(chǎn)品上市時(shí)間的目的5咱?，F(xiàn)有的制造資源共享方案，例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，B2B，ASP，Java，CORBA等，在共享配置的靈活性或在共享資源種類上不能完全滿足虛擬組織的需要。網(wǎng)格最主要的特點(diǎn)是資源的協(xié)同共享，即能提供網(wǎng)格服務(wù)(Grid Enabled Service)，其優(yōu)勢就是能解決動(dòng)態(tài)多機(jī)構(gòu)虛擬組織中的資源共享和協(xié)同問題。由于制造涉及到的資源非常多，因此構(gòu)建面向所有制造業(yè)產(chǎn)品的制造網(wǎng)格是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，而由于行業(yè)企業(yè)之間的緊密協(xié)作通常對網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的資源共享具有很大的需求空間，因此構(gòu)建面向行業(yè)的制造網(wǎng)格是網(wǎng)格技術(shù)在制造業(yè)快速應(yīng)用的前提。鑒于此，并且由于前期在模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造行業(yè)積累的設(shè)計(jì)、分析和制造經(jīng)驗(yàn)，本文通過與相關(guān)企業(yè)和協(xié)會合作，逐步建立基于模具制造資源網(wǎng)格的模具協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)與制造服務(wù)平臺。利用模具制造網(wǎng)格提供的資源搜索功能和信息服務(wù)，能夠針對應(yīng)用要求，快速構(gòu)建模具制造虛擬組織，提高虛擬組織的響應(yīng)速度；其次，網(wǎng)格是開放的，建構(gòu)于網(wǎng)格技術(shù)之上的模具虛擬組織能夠支持成員的動(dòng)態(tài)加入和退出，以及模具制造資源動(dòng)態(tài)增加和減少，從而能在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)需求發(fā)生變化的條件下，及時(shí)調(diào)整模具虛擬組織的結(jié)構(gòu)，改變模具制造資源的組成，快速適應(yīng)需求的變化，增強(qiáng)模具虛擬組織敏捷制造的能力；最后，將網(wǎng)格技術(shù)應(yīng)用于模具虛擬組織制造資源調(diào)度，有利于加強(qiáng)對模具虛擬組織制造資源信息和狀態(tài)的監(jiān)控?；诰W(wǎng)格的模具制造資源服務(wù)平臺結(jié)構(gòu)如圖l所示，共包含4層結(jié)構(gòu)：最底層是模具制造網(wǎng)格服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)造層，實(shí)現(xiàn)制造資源的封裝；第2層是核心中間件層，采用GT40(Globus Toolkit 4o)作為網(wǎng)格平臺；第3層為用戶件層，包括模具制造具體應(yīng)用所需工具包，如全局制造資源管理器、可靠性評測和協(xié)同工作環(huán)境工具等；最上層是應(yīng)用層，面向模具制造業(yè)的各個(gè)應(yīng)用行業(yè)。通過網(wǎng)格門戶，可以提交任務(wù)，使用平臺中的各種服務(wù)。模具協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)與分析 應(yīng) 用層故障診斷電子商務(wù)遠(yuǎn)程操作 用 戶 件 層可靠性等性能評測網(wǎng)格全局資源管理器協(xié)同工作環(huán)境工具模具制造網(wǎng)格工具包基于GT4.0的模具網(wǎng)格平臺安全管理數(shù)據(jù)管理信息服務(wù)質(zhì)量管理 核心中間件層 節(jié)點(diǎn)層 模具制造網(wǎng)格服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)模具人才資源知識技術(shù)資源信息服務(wù)資源加工設(shè)備資源設(shè)計(jì)分析資源圖1 基于網(wǎng)格的模具制造資源服務(wù)平臺結(jié)構(gòu)3 平臺建立關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究3.1 模具制造資源的分類和聚類制造資源是指涉及到企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的活動(dòng)和產(chǎn)品全生命周期制造中的所有資源的總稱，是企業(yè)的設(shè)備、材料、人員與產(chǎn)品生命周期所涉及的硬件和軟件的總和7。為便于對制造資源進(jìn)行分類建模，根據(jù)模具設(shè)計(jì)和制造過程的特點(diǎn)，本文將模具制造資源分為模具設(shè)計(jì)與分析資源、模具加工資源、模具信息與服務(wù)資源、模具知識與技術(shù)資源、模具人才資源等。其中，設(shè)計(jì)與分析資源包括模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造過程中需要的CADCAECAPPCAM軟件；加工資源包括各種加工設(shè)備及裝備等；信息與服務(wù)資源包括市場、客戶、管理、售后及服務(wù)信息等；知識與技術(shù)資源包括知識庫、實(shí)例庫、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、設(shè)備和軟件的使用能力等級等；人才資源是指專家及雇員的水平、經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及各方面的能力。由于現(xiàn)實(shí)中對制造資源稱呼的不一致以及資源信息的多參數(shù)表示，帶來了網(wǎng)格中制造資源的模糊性，如某兩臺加工設(shè)備的加工精度可能差別不大，但加工尺寸相差很多。因此，采用模糊數(shù)學(xué)的語言和方法進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格制造資源的動(dòng)態(tài)聚類分析。通常情況下描述模具制造資源信息和任務(wù)信息的各參數(shù)的量綱是不同的，所以動(dòng)態(tài)聚類的第1步是把量綱的影響消除，將數(shù)據(jù)做歸一化處理；第2步可用歐氏距離法確定各個(gè)制造資源之間的相似系數(shù)(即相似程度)；最后一步是根據(jù)聚類需要細(xì)分還是粗分的要求，進(jìn)行運(yùn)算矩陣的取舍，可得到不同的制造網(wǎng)格資源聚類結(jié)果。對制造網(wǎng)格中的模具制造資源進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)聚類的目的，是除將具有相似語義的資源信息歸類外，更重要的是對相同類型的資源進(jìn)行更為細(xì)致的分類，為下一步的資源檢索提供前提和保障。將資源進(jìn)行聚類分析之后，只需檢索與任務(wù)請求信息最為接近的聚類單元中的資源，這樣可以節(jié)約大量的時(shí)間和計(jì)算機(jī)性能開銷1。3.2 模具制造資源網(wǎng)格的描述及封裝網(wǎng)格服務(wù)(Grid Services)可以簡單地表示為“網(wǎng)格服務(wù)=接口行為+服務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)”，網(wǎng)格服務(wù)通過定義接口來完成不同的功能，服務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)是關(guān)于網(wǎng)格服務(wù)實(shí)例的信息。以GT40為開發(fā)工具，綜合應(yīng)用J2EE，NET及Web Service等技術(shù)，提出了模具制造網(wǎng)格資源服務(wù)平臺模型。GT40是一個(gè)開放源碼的網(wǎng)格基礎(chǔ)平臺，基于開放網(wǎng)格服務(wù)體系(Open Grid Service Architecture，OGSA)，支持網(wǎng)格和網(wǎng)格應(yīng)用，能為構(gòu)建網(wǎng)格應(yīng)用提供中間件服務(wù)和程序庫。GT40通過將資源包裝為Web Service，以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的WSDL接口來屏蔽資源間的異構(gòu)4。模具制造資源網(wǎng)格節(jié)點(diǎn)模型應(yīng)遵從Web服務(wù)資源框架(Web Service Resource Framework，WSRF)的架構(gòu)，支持模具制造資源服務(wù)的統(tǒng)一描述、發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)制，支持網(wǎng)格環(huán)境下服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的互操作。該模型在全面包含資源信息的條件下，向服務(wù)訪問者提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的操作訪問機(jī)制。自下而上分別是模具制造資源層、模具制造資源表示層和模具制造資源接口層。將模具制造資源封裝成為獨(dú)立的網(wǎng)格服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，需明確定義相應(yīng)的接口，讓用戶可以得到足夠的信息來調(diào)用這個(gè)網(wǎng)格服務(wù)，并借助L(eX-tensible Markup Language)來實(shí)現(xiàn)這些服務(wù)的描述、封裝等功能。同時(shí)，資源服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)也可以作為資源請求者向其它資源服務(wù)提供者請求資源服務(wù)，資源服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間P2P(Peer to Peer)的對等關(guān)系。Study On Key Technologies Of Mold Manufacturing Grid Service PlatformABSTRACT：The essentially feature of grid is the share and coopermion of the resourcesThe structure of mold manufacturing grid service platform consist of the node layer，the core middleware layer，the user case layer and application layer is proposedManufacturing resources associated with the total iifecycle of mold are classified and integratedit presents the key technologies such as dynamic clustering by fuzzy mathematics， describing and encapsulating by Web Services Description Language(WSDL)on mold manufacturing gridThis research provides the theoreticaI basis to realize information engineering and network manufacturing for the die and mold enterprisesthe new model wilI play an important role on increasing efficiency of computation and design and manufacturing facilities，and quickening process of mold developmentKEYWORDS：Manufacturing Grid，Resource Encapsulation，Grid Service，Mold manufacture1 IntroductionGrid technology is a new type ofnetwork structureIt is applied to connect all the resources in intemet，which contain computing，storage commui-cations，software and hardwareEvery kind of resources，as a node of grid，has its special attribute，and can realize a certain functionOn the grid platform，customers only need to submit to assignment to gddTheGrid will distribute corresponding resource automatically to finish the assignment and feedback results to customers 1 .Ian Foster，from Argonne National Cab of the USA，describes grid as “sharing resources and cooperating with each other to solve problems among several virtual dynamic union”The obvious difference between grid technology and other technology，such as technology of Intemet，Distributed Computing，PeertoPeer computing，is that resources are encapsulated with gridBesides，the sharing of sources is not file exchange oforiginal levels but directly visit to computer，software，data and other resources by sevice2Grid has three features of sharing resource，working in cooperation and forming virtual dynamic unionAt present，many corporations and research institutes in and abroad has made deeply study and made experiments on grid technologyIn engineering field，some big corperations，for example，BOEING、FORD and BMW are trying to use grid computation to design and emulate complicated products，putting emphasis on settle mass calculation problems about airplanes and carsFORD constructed a network market by making use of grid technology，saving purchasing cost of 8 billion dollarsHow to apply grid technology to manufacturing field to settle problems of the resource sharing arouses interests from research institues in and abroad3Mold is the basic technology equipment of manufacturing industry，and it is the high value-added products of technology，labor capital -intensiveMost of mold enterprises are weak at capital，equipments，manpowers，and technology，short of resourcesThey lack capacity of competition in marketManufacturing resources are of low utilization ratio，poor sharing possibility，which lead to repeated investmentInformationize resources are dispersed， heterogeneous。they are deficient in standard of cooperation crossing areas and departments4It is grid technology that provide effective ways to settle problems for how to integrate manufacturing resources of mold enterprisesOn the basis of grid and other related technology，the design，manufacture，management ,information，technology，intelligence and software resources that related to mold which dispersed in different types of mold enterprises and social groups，can be encapsulated and integrated， can be shielded the heterogeneity and distribution of resources， can be offered kinds of manufacturing service for customers in transparent ways2 the Structure of Service PlatformThe application of grid technology in manufacturing industry call offer a public manufacturing grid platform and realize resource sharing，collaboration design and manufacturing to reduce manufacturing cost，raise utilization ratio of resources and quicken listed time of productsl5-6IThe present program of manufacturing resources sharingsuch as internet B2B，ASP，JAVA，CORBA，cannot fully meet the needs of virtual organization about flexibity of sharing disposal or vanity of sharing resourceThe most important feature of grid is coordination，sharing of resource，that is to say，it can offer grid service，its advantage can settle problem of resource sharing and coopermion in virtual dynamic unionAs there are so many resources referred to manufactureit is unrealistic to struct manufacturing grid facing all the manufacturing productsIn consideration of this，and because experience about design，analysis and manufacture from mold design and manufacturing business，these writers are establishing mold manufacturing grid service platform progressive by working together with some mold enterprises and associationsThe structure of mold manufacturing grid service platform based on grid is like fig1，there are 4 layersthe boRom layer is the node layer of mold manufacturing grid service，which Can realize encapsulation of manufacturing resources； the second layer is core middleware layer，GT4(Globus Toolkit40)is used as grid platform；the third layer is User case layer，it includes Mold manufacturing grid toolkit，such as collaborative work environment tool，grid global resource manager，performance evaluation；the top layer is application layer facing every applied trade of mold manufacturing industryAssignments Can be submitted through grid portal，and various kinds of service in the platform can be usedMold collaboration design and analysis Appication layer FaultdiagnosisE-CommerceRemote operation User Case layerMold manufacturing grid toolkitPerformance evaluation (reliability)Grid global resource managerCollaborative work environmentInformationserviceMold grid service platform based on GT4.0 Cormidd- leware layerData managementSecurity managementQuality managementMold manufacturing grid toolkitManufactu-ring equipment resourcesKnowledge and technology resourcesInformation services rsourcesTalents resources Node layerDesign and analysis resourcesFig.1 The structure of mold manufacturing grid service platform based on grid3 Key Technologies of Platform Establishment3.1 the classification and clusteringManufacturing resource is a general name，it means all resources which refer to productions and management activities of enterprise associated with the total lifecyclet71This paper，to classify and establish mold manufacturing resources conviently ，divides mold manufacturing resources into mold design and analysis resources，mold manufacturing equipment resources，mold information service resources，mold knowledge and technology resources and mold talent resources and SO on，according to the features during the mold design and manufacturing processAmong them，the design and analysis resources include CADCAECAPPCAM software；the manufacturing equipment resources include various kinds of machining equipment；the information service resources include markets，customers，management，service after sale；the knowledge and technology resources include utilization of knowledge library，living example library，stardard equipment and software；the talents resources is experts and employees level，experiment and other abilitiesBecause of the manufacturing resources name is differ and the resouces is multiparameter，it brings fuzzyness of grid manufacturing resourcesFor example，the machining precision of two machining equipments may not be obvious；but their machining size is quite differentTherefore，it is necessary to make dynamic clustering by fuzzy mathematics languages and methods on舒d manufacturing resourcesGenerally the dimension of every parameter which used to describe resource information and assignment information of mold manufacturing are differentConsequently，the first step of dynamic clustering is to eliminate the influence of dimension and normalize datas；the second step is to certain the similarity coefficient among manufacturing resources by euclidean distance method，the last step is to operate matrix according to requirements of clustering，then different clustering results of manufacturing grid will be obtainedAfter clustering analysis for resources，we only need to search resource which is nearest to the clustering unit of assignment request informationThus，much time and computer function expense can be saved13.2 Description and encapsulation of mold manufacturing resources gridGrid services can be easily indicated as an equation that “grid services = interfaceconduct+service data”Grid services finish different function through defining interfaceService data is the