初中英語連詞歸納.ppt

連詞,連詞的功能用來連接詞，短語，從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)使用。連詞可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。,并列連詞并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語或句子。常見的并列連詞有：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor等。(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or,eitheror等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,while等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for,so等。,從屬連詞從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句。常見的從屬連詞有：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if,unless等。(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because,as,since等。(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though,although,evenif等。(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的sothat,sothat,suchthat等。(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than,asas等。(8)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that,if,whether等。,常用連詞的用法辨析（1）while,when,as,這三個(gè)連詞都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。1)當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用來引導(dǎo)表示“背景”的時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetInoticedapolicecar.2)當(dāng)兩個(gè)長動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，最常用的是while。例如：Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.3)當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時(shí)，最常用的是as。例如：Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem.,4)當(dāng)兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，或表示“一邊一邊”時(shí)，最常用as。例如：Justashecaughtthefly,hegavealoudcry.Shelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent5)當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用when。例如：Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest.6)當(dāng)從句是瞬間動(dòng)作，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用when。例如：WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch.,（2）as,because,since,for,這四個(gè)詞都可表原因，但用法有區(qū)別。1)如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。例如：Istayedathomebecauseitrained.-Whyarentyougoing?-BecauseIdontwantto.,2)如果原因已被人們所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一點(diǎn)。As和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：Ashewasntready,weleftwithouthim.SinceIhavenomoney,Icantbuyanyfood.3)for用來補(bǔ)充說明一種理由，因此，for引導(dǎo)的從句幾乎可以放在括號(hào)里。For引導(dǎo)的句子不放在句子的開頭。例如：Idecidedtostopandhavelunch-forIwasfeelingquitehungry.,（3）if,whetherif和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓與從句一時(shí)般可互換。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.Idontknowwhether(if)helikesthatfilm.在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：1)引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)。例如：Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown.2)引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)。例如：ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam.3)在不定式前。例如：Ihaventmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.,（4）sothat,such.that1)sothat中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞，而such.that中的such是個(gè)形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語。例如：ImsotiredthatIcantwalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名詞之前有many,much,little,few時(shí)，用so,不用such。例如：Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.,（5）eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso這三個(gè)連詞詞組都可連接兩個(gè)并列成分。當(dāng)它們連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要隨相鄰的主語變化。（就近原則）例如：Eitheryouorheiswrong.Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook.,（6）although,but這兩個(gè)連詞不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如：我們不能說“Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.”這個(gè)句子應(yīng)改為：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.,（7）because,so這兩個(gè)連詞同樣不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如：我們不能說“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”這個(gè)句子應(yīng)改為BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.或Johnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.,【實(shí)例解析】,3.(2004年吉林省中考試題)-Ilikeridingfast.Itsveryexciting.-Oh!Youmustntdoitlikethat,_itmayhaveanaccident.A.andB.orC.soD.but,答案：B。該題考查的是并列連詞的用法。答語的意思是“你不要那樣做，否則會(huì)發(fā)生事故的?！痹谶@四個(gè)并列連詞中，只有or含有這樣的意思，所以應(yīng)選B。,4.(2004年天津市中考試題)Johnfellasleep_hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas,答案：C。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的常用從屬連詞的用法。本句的含義是“約翰在聽音樂的時(shí)候睡著了?！北硎驹诟赡呈聲r(shí)發(fā)生了某個(gè)事情”通常用while。因此應(yīng)選C。,【中考演練】,1.-WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008?-Idontthinkso.Now_theyoung_theoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.A.eitherorB.notonlybutalsoC.neithernorD.bothor2.Wedidntcatchthetrain_weleftlate.A.soB.becauseC.butD.though3.Tomfailedintheexamagain_hewantedtopassitverymuch.A.ifB.soC.thoughD.as,4.Iwontbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords_Ihavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until5.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours_herealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before6.-Thisdresswaslastyearsstyle.-Ithinkitstilllooksperfect_ithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince,7.Hurryup,_youwillmissthetrain.A.andB.soC.howeverD.or8.Themountainwas_steep_fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.soasB.sothatC.asasD.tooto,9.-Doyourememberourpleasantjourne