智能家居技術(shù)外文翻譯

外文翻譯原文及譯文學(xué) 院計算機學(xué)院專 業(yè)計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)班 級 學(xué) 號 姓 名指導(dǎo)教師 負(fù)責(zé)教師 2012年6月 Smart Home TechnologyLink your homes lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology. Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. The terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such device.There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the residents life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to enhance the residents convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) or personal digital assistant (PDA).Especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident. That is, if the smart home can recognize the residents pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the residents needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the residents condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the residents location in the smart home or smart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods 8. The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar, which uses a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sensors.Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recognize the residents location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the residents location if he or she is not carrying the device. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the residents location without such devices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade the residents privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance. Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Todays smart home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise! New technologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems. How it Works There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home. Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. Its ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home. Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs. Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones. Power-line networks use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data. They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer. Phone-line networks use a homes telephone lines to carry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont interfere with one another. Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in. While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting. The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your homes capabilities. A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your homes various electronic systems. These include: Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friends home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. But why not take this experience further? Using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a movie button on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network. It would be equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo system, to play music every time you enter a room in your home - something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study - the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV. You could even monitor your childrens television and video-game habits, when youre not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or inappropriate programming. Or you can simply program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time. Security: Using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when youre away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened. And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend. To protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder. In the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the house. Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit rooms. Todays new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine IR temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial communications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control. When you leave for work in the morning, your house could check for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak. Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events. You can even imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall. The key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps: Plan: Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. Take into consideration your homes layout in terms of traffic and furniture. Consult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didnt, what do they wish they had done differently? Decide: What do you definitely want to be able to do? What is optional? Will you install the network yourself or leave it to a professional? What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs? Home automation, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. With some careful planning and a little help, you too can enjoy the benefits of a smart homeIntelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) encompasses an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings, including energy management systems and building controls. The function of Building Management Systems is central to Intelligent Buildings concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff movement and availability). The potential within these concepts and the surrounding technology is vast, and our lives are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments. The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is also potentially immense. Smart home example At 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the background; the lights in your bedroom switch on; fading up to allow you to wake up in your own time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you havent even got up yet.5 智能家居技術(shù)鏈接您家的燈光，娛樂和安全系統(tǒng)的新的自動化家用技術(shù)。智能家居，是一種可以通過識別具有不同生活習(xí)慣和感覺的住戶來提供各種不同的智能服務(wù)。而實現(xiàn)這樣的功能其中最關(guān)鍵的問題之一就是如何確定住戶的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于兩種方法：終端方式和非終端方式。終端方式需要一種住戶隨身攜帶的設(shè)備，而非終端方式則不需要這樣的設(shè)備?，F(xiàn)在由于人人都想有一個方便，舒適，安全的居住環(huán)境，因此大家對于智能家居表現(xiàn)的越來越感興趣。一般來說，智能家居旨在提供合適的智能服務(wù)來積極促進(jìn)住戶更好的生活，比如家務(wù)勞動，娛樂，休息和睡眠。因此，為了提高住戶的便捷和安全，像家用電器，多媒體設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備應(yīng)通過家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)連接在一起。并且它們應(yīng)通過電視或個人數(shù)字助理（PDA）來控制或遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。尤其要注意的是，作為一種提供高質(zhì)量的智能服務(wù)，目標(biāo)應(yīng)集中于定位服務(wù)，同時考慮人為因素，比如住戶的生活方式，健康狀況和居住感受。也就是說，如果智能家居能識別住戶的生活方式或健康狀況，那么家用電器應(yīng)該能預(yù)見住戶的需要，并能更主動的提供適合的智能服務(wù)。例如，在一個被動的服務(wù)環(huán)境下，需要住戶控制供熱通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)（供暖，通風(fēng)和空調(diào)），而智能家居將根據(jù)住戶情況自動調(diào)節(jié)房間的溫濕度。智能家居或智能辦公室的各種室內(nèi)感應(yīng)定位系統(tǒng)的已經(jīng)研發(fā)到能夠識別住戶的位置。一般來說，室內(nèi)定位感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)測量技術(shù)分為三種類型：三角測量，場景分析和接近方法。三角測量法是通過多個已知點來計算位置距離。運用三角測量法的例子包括Active Badges，Active Bats和Easy Living，它們分別運用了紅外傳感器，超聲波傳感器和視覺傳感器來實現(xiàn)的。場景解析法是檢測一個場景內(nèi)的特定著眼點。場景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟蹤器的MotiveStar，和使用無線局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)LAN標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEEE 802,11的RADAR。接近法則是以一組已知點中最接近的點近似作為定位點。接近法的例子有使用壓力傳感器的Smart Floor。另外，室內(nèi)感應(yīng)定位系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)是否需要住戶隨身攜帶一種設(shè)備來分類。終端方式，例如Active Bats，不需要直接找到住戶位置，但是可以感應(yīng)到住戶隨身攜帶的設(shè)備位置，例如紅外收發(fā)器或者射頻識別技術(shù)（RFID）標(biāo)簽。因此，如果住戶沒有隨聲攜帶終端設(shè)備，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非終端方式如Easy Living和Smart Floor則不需要這種設(shè)備就能找到住戶位置。然而，人們認(rèn)為Easy Living侵犯了住戶隱私，Smart Floor則是擴展和維護(hù)都比較困難。家庭自動化已經(jīng)從掛接到客廳燈的手動計時很長的路要走。 Todays smart home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!今天的“智能”家庭自動調(diào)節(jié)熱量，空氣，光線，音頻和視頻房子周圍分布，控制訪問您的家庭，甚至可以提醒你鍛煉。 新技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)步使家居更負(fù)擔(dān)得起的技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，并比以往任何時候都納入主流家用系統(tǒng)集成。 According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the US are now using structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.根據(jù)2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消費電子協(xié)會，幾乎所有的新家園一半?yún)f(xié)會的一項研究正在興建中的美國正在利用結(jié)構(gòu)銅“聰明”接線，使安裝技術(shù)的新家園系統(tǒng)。 How it Works它是如何工作 There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology.主要有四種類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以在家里安裝，以支持現(xiàn)有的新技術(shù)。 Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home.各有其優(yōu)勢和根據(jù)您是否是一個新的家庭布線或升級現(xiàn)有的家庭缺點。 Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home.結(jié)構(gòu)化布線涉及專門高性能運行在您的整個家庭布線。 It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components.它提供了一個高度可靠和安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，分銷，產(chǎn)品用于手機的數(shù)據(jù)信號，電腦，電視和音頻組件。 Its ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home.這對新建筑的理想，但并不總是很容易安裝在現(xiàn)有的家。 Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.此外，網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅限于電纜范圍，插座和插頭。 Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners.無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供的靈活性和流動性，幾乎消除了通常由現(xiàn)有的布線房主面臨困境的優(yōu)勢。 However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones.然而，無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往是如嬰兒監(jiān)視器，無繩電話不可靠和其他裝置受到干擾。 Power-line networks use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data.電力線網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用的家庭已有的電力線來傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。 They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer.它們是比較容易的設(shè)置和執(zhí)行，但執(zhí)行的權(quán)力風(fēng)險激增，以及一個未加密的家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以訪問鄰國分享同樣的變壓器。 Phone-line networks use a homes telephone lines to carry multiple services.電話線的網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用家里的電話線，以開展多種服務(wù)。 Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont interfere with one another.通常，每個服務(wù)指定一個獨特的頻譜，以便他們不會互相干擾。 Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in.智能家居技術(shù)也可能使您撥打一個電話線，通過具體的家庭作業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)和/或預(yù)先設(shè)定為撥號到監(jiān)控服務(wù)在一旦發(fā)生火警或破裂情況的研究。 而家庭自動化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面對的選擇一般的房主可能似乎令人望而生畏。 The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your homes capabilities.好消息是，你不必成為技術(shù)專家，以提高您的家庭的能力。 A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your homes various electronic systems.一個家庭技術(shù)集成商能夠設(shè)計，實施和您的家庭聯(lián)系在一起的各種電子系統(tǒng)。 These include:這些措施包括： Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friends home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. 娛樂：您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安裝有一天晚上，當(dāng)他們突然出現(xiàn)在他們的電影和DVD播放機給你大屏幕，環(huán)繞聲體驗。 But why not take this experience further?但是，為什么不利用這個經(jīng)驗的事呢？ Using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a movie button on a touch pad in your family room.使用相當(dāng)簡單的自動化技術(shù)，你可以推“電影”一個觸摸板按鈕在您的家庭娛樂室。 Th