07-08考研英語完形填空真題解析

2008年考研英語完形填空真題解析The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 is a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection。This group generally does well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs。1. A selectedBpreparedC obligedD pleased2. A uniqueBparticularC specialD rare3. A ofBwithC inD against4. A subsequentlyBpresentlyC previouslyD lately5. A OnlyB SoC EvenD Hence6. A thoughtBsightC costD risk7. A advisesBsuggestsC protestsD objects8. A progressBfactC needD question9. A attainingBcommonC meanD calculating10. A normalBcommonC meanD total11. A unconsciouslyBdisproportionatelyC indefinitelyD unaccountably12. A missionsBfortunesC interestsD careers13. A affirmBwitnessC observeD approve14. A moreoverBthereforeC howeverD meanwhile15. A given upBgot overC carried onD put down16. A assessingBsupervisingC administeringD valuing17. A developmentBoriginC consequenceDinstrument18. A linkedBintegratedC wovenD combined19. A limitedBsubjectedC convertedD directed20. A paradoxicalBincompatibleC inevitableD continuous文章背景這是一篇介紹個人學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)的說明文，文章內(nèi)容主要圍繞一部分人是否比另外一部分人聰明這個主題展開。該文原文刊登在2005年6月2日的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人雜志上，原文的標(biāo)題是The Evolution of Intelligence(智力的進(jìn)化)，命題專家對原文進(jìn)行了一定的簡化，但是意思沒有發(fā)生絲毫的變化。文章結(jié)構(gòu)文章采用了總分的敘述方式，文章第一段的前兩句話就是文章敘述的主題，全片文章圍繞這個主題展開。第一段：The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway。(總述)第二段：Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about。(分述)第三段：This group generally does well in IQ testThey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseasesHis argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs。(結(jié)論)答案詳解1.【解析】B 語義銜接題。本題目選擇動詞過去分詞形式，構(gòu)成beto 的結(jié)構(gòu)，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。 選項(xiàng)A. selected 選擇；B. prepared 準(zhǔn)備；C. obliged迫使，責(zé)成；D. pleased 高興。前邊相鄰句子The idea that some people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. “一些人比另一些人聰明，這一觀點(diǎn)一直是人們不敢明確提出來的假設(shè)之一。” 本題所在句子由But一詞引導(dǎo)，在句義上與前一句相反，即“打算或準(zhǔn)備說了”，故選B。2.【解析】D 語義銜接/詞匯辨析題。本題目選擇形容詞，在句子中充當(dāng)定語。選項(xiàng)A. unique 獨(dú)一無二的；B. particular 特殊的，特別的；C. special 特殊的；D. rare 珍惜的，罕見的，珍貴的。rare birds意為“稀世珍品，曠世奇才，罕見人(物)”， Gregory Cochran打破常規(guī)，準(zhǔn)備說了，因此像是“出頭鳥”。3.【解析】A 慣用銜接題。independent其后應(yīng)搭配of，意為“獨(dú)立于，不依賴于”。還應(yīng)注意dependent后面還可搭配on，但意為“依賴于， 依靠于”。He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independentlyany institution. “他就是那個稀有之人，是一位不依賴于任何機(jī)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立的科學(xué)家”。4.【解析】C 語義銜接題。本題目選擇副詞，在句子中充當(dāng)狀語。句子敘述到He helped popularize the idea that some diseases notthought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. “他普及了這種觀點(diǎn)，即某些以前人們認(rèn)為不是由細(xì)菌引起的疾病實(shí)際上是傳染病，這一觀點(diǎn)一經(jīng)提出就引起了極大爭議?！?分析本句結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出：that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，說明idea的內(nèi)容，從句中some diseases notthought to have a bacterial cause是主語部分， 謂語是were actually infections，而后面which 引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句是修飾the idea這個名詞的。解本題的關(guān)鍵詞是actually “實(shí)際上”，隱含轉(zhuǎn)折之意，即過去的看法和實(shí)際情況不同。選項(xiàng)A. subsequently 隨后；B. presently 當(dāng)前；C. previously 先前；D. lately近來，最近。為了與本句子中的“actually，實(shí)際上”相互呼應(yīng)，要體現(xiàn)時間上的先后交替關(guān)系。因此，正確答案為C。5.【解析】C 邏輯關(guān)系/ 語義銜接題。由本句中的however可知，“雖然如此， 一想到他即將要做的，他本人也會有點(diǎn)戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢”，even符合邏輯關(guān)系， so和hence表示因果關(guān)系，與前文所述無內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。6.【解析】A 語義銜接/固定搭配題。at和四個選項(xiàng)中的名詞都可搭配， 但意思相去甚遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)A. at the thought of 一想到；B. at the sight of 一看到；C. at the cost of 以為代價；D. at the risk of 冒的風(fēng)險。根據(jù)句意，正確答案為A。7.【解析】B 詞匯辨析題。本題目選擇動詞，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。選項(xiàng)A. advise 建議；B. suggest 提出；暗示，建議；C. protest 對提出異議；D. object 反對。Gregory Cochran“不但，而且解釋了出現(xiàn)這種情況的過程”，從本題所在的句意可以看出，B正確。 另注意：suggest有兩個基本意義，一為“建議”，其后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣；二為“提出，暗示”，其后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。8.【解析】D 語義銜接/固定搭配題。本題目選擇介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)定語，修飾前面的the group。選項(xiàng)A. in progress 在的進(jìn)程中；B. in fact 事實(shí)上；C. in need 在危難(急)中；D. in question 討論中的； 考慮中的。前句提到人類某些人的平均智商要高一些，詞句銜接上一句，由此可知空格處要表達(dá)的是“正在被討論的這個群體”。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。9.【解析】B 詞匯辨析/ 慣用搭配題。本題目選擇動詞，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。選項(xiàng)A. attaining 獲得(經(jīng)過長期努力)； B. scoring 得分；C. reaching 達(dá)到；D. calculating 通過計算得出。句子中的賓語是分?jǐn)?shù)，因此要選擇得分。因此，正確答案為B。10.【解析】C 詞匯辨析題。本題目選擇形容詞，在句子中充當(dāng)定語，修飾后面的名詞。scoring 1215 points above thevalue of 100, “這個群體在智商測試中成績最好，比100分的分多得12分到15分?！边x項(xiàng)A. normal 正常的；B. common 普通的；共同的；C. mean平均的；D. total 總共的。一般來說， average表示“平均的”較常用，mean表達(dá)這個意義時比較正式。 100分是個參照值，這個數(shù)字是大多數(shù)人的基本智商數(shù)值。因此，正確答案為C。11.【解析】B 語義銜接題。本題目選擇副詞，在句子中充當(dāng)狀語。This group generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 1215 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributedto the intellectual and cultural life of the West, “這個群體在智商測試中成績很好，比100分的平均分多得12分到15分。這個群體為西方的學(xué)術(shù)和文化做出的貢獻(xiàn)是”， 選項(xiàng)B“不成比例地；不相稱地，比例太大(或太小地)”，與題意相符合。選項(xiàng)A. unconsciously 無意識地；C. indefinitely 不確定地；D. unaccountably 不能說明的； 不可理解的。這三項(xiàng)都不符合題意。12.【解析】D 語義銜接題。本題目選擇名詞，在as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，意為“正如他們的精英包括一些世界知名的科學(xué)家從事的職業(yè)所證實(shí)的”。選項(xiàng)A. missions 使命， 任務(wù)；B. fortunes 財富， 運(yùn)氣；C. interests 利益；興趣；D. careers 生涯，事業(yè)。因此，正確答案為D。13.【解析】A 語義銜接/詞義辨析題。本題目選擇動詞，在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)謂語。選項(xiàng)A. affirm 證實(shí)，確定；B. witness 目擊，證明；C. observe 觀察；遵守；D. approve 贊成，批準(zhǔn)。選項(xiàng)B常用作及物動詞；選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)D一般以人作主語。因此，正確答案為A。14.【解析】C 邏輯銜接題。本題目選擇邏輯關(guān)系詞，體現(xiàn)前后兩個句子的邏輯關(guān)系。They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, have previously been thought unrelated. “此外，與多數(shù)人相比，他們更容易患一些惡性的遺傳病，例如乳腺癌。人們以前認(rèn)為這些情況是沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的。”選項(xiàng)A. moreover 此外，而且；B. therefore 因此；C. however 然而，但是；D. meanwhile 同時。前后兩個句子表現(xiàn)出轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此，正確答案為C。15.【解析】D 詞匯辨析/語義銜接題。本題目選擇動詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。選項(xiàng)A. be given up to 讓與；B. get over 克服(不與to 連用)；C. carry on 繼續(xù)(不與to 連用)；D. be put down to 歸因于。選項(xiàng)D. be put down to 歸因于，句意為“智商歸因于社會影響”，符合句子含義。因此，正確答案為D。16.【解析】D 詞匯辨析題。本題目選擇動名詞形式。選項(xiàng)A. assessing 評估，評價；B. supervising 監(jiān)督；C. administering 管理，掌管；D. valuing 重視。assessing通常表示“估計”出某物的價值，以更有效地利用它。 此句要表達(dá)的意思是“高度重視教育”，因此選D項(xiàng)。17.【解析】C 語義銜接題。本題目選擇名詞，構(gòu)成asof的結(jié)構(gòu)。The latter was seen as a of genetic isolation. “后者被視為遺傳隔離的?！边x項(xiàng)A. development 發(fā)展；B. origin 起源；C. consequence 結(jié)果； D. instrument 工具，器皿。此處與第15題形成“對應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)”，前后呼應(yīng)，“前者歸因于社會影響，例如重視教育的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)?！?“后者被認(rèn)為是遺傳隔離的結(jié)果”。因此，正確答案為C。18.【解析】A 詞匯辨析題。本題目選擇動詞，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。選項(xiàng)A. linked 兩者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)或聯(lián)系；B. integrated 兩者結(jié)合為一個整體；C. woven (原形 weave；過去式wove) 搖擺；D. combined 兩者結(jié)合，連接。句子表達(dá)的含義為“智力和疾病是緊密相關(guān)的”。因此，正確答案為A。integrate隱含“部分是整體不可缺少的”，而intelligence和disease 是兩類不同屬性的事物；weave通常表示“編入”，意為“相互交織的”。19.【解析】B 語義銜接/固定搭配題。本題目選擇動詞，在句子中構(gòu)成固定搭配，充當(dāng)謂語。His argument is that the unusual history of these people hasthem to unique evolutionary pressures “他的觀點(diǎn)是，這些人非同尋常的經(jīng)歷使其更容易遭受獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力”。選項(xiàng)A. limited to 局限于， 限制(只能構(gòu)成be limited to短語，被限制在)；B. subjected to 使遭受(經(jīng)受)，屈服(subjectto使屈服于)；C. converted to 轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?，改變；D. directed to 指向，導(dǎo)向。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。20.【解析】A 詞匯辨析/語義銜接題。His argument is that the unusual history of these people hasthem to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in thisstate of affairs?！八挠^點(diǎn)是，這些人非同尋常的經(jīng)歷使其更容易遭受獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力，而這些壓力導(dǎo)致了這種似乎矛盾的狀況”。本文一方面說，這類人貢獻(xiàn)很大；但另一方面他們經(jīng)受的獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力使他們更容易患上惡性疾病，看似矛盾，令人困惑，故A項(xiàng)正確。參考譯文有關(guān)某些群體比其他群體更為聰明的觀點(diǎn)是一個無人敢于說出來的假想。然而，格雷戈里科克倫已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好將之公之于眾。這人世間少見，是一個不隸屬于任何機(jī)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立科學(xué)家。正是他推廣了這一觀點(diǎn)，即某些最初并不認(rèn)為是細(xì)菌性的疾病其實(shí)是傳染性的，這種觀點(diǎn)剛一提出就引起了很大的爭論。然而，即使是他，有時候也為他將要做的事情感到不寒而栗。他與另外兩位科學(xué)家一起發(fā)表了一篇論文，不僅聲稱一個群體的人比其他人更為聰明，而且還解釋了這種現(xiàn)象的形成過程。其所談?wù)摰母勇斆鞯娜后w來自于中歐的一個特殊民族。 這個過程是自然選擇。這個群體通常在智商測試中表現(xiàn)良好，得分比100分的平均分高出12到15分，并且在西方的知識和文化領(lǐng)域做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。正如他們中的精英人物(包括幾位知名的科學(xué)家在內(nèi))的一生所證實(shí)的那樣。他們也更為經(jīng)常地受到一些諸如乳腺癌等遺傳疾病的影響。但是，以前人們并不認(rèn)為這些事實(shí)具有相關(guān)性。前者歸因于社會影響，例如重視教育的傳統(tǒng)。后者則被看作是基因隔離的結(jié)果。Cochran博士認(rèn)為智商與疾病是密切相關(guān)的。他認(rèn)為這些人群不同尋常的歷史使得他們承受了獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力，從而導(dǎo)致了這種矛盾的狀態(tài)。2007年考研英語完形填空真題解析By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws。On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces。The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy。1. A nativesB inhabitantsC peoplesD individuals2. A confusedlyB cheerfullyC worriedlyD hopefully3. A sharedB forgotC attainedD rejected4. A relatedB closeC openD devoted5. A accessB succession C rightD return6. A Presumable B IncidentallyC ObviouslyD Generally7. A uniqueB commonC particularD typical8. A freedomB originC impactD reform9. A thereforeB howeverC indeedD moreover10. A withB aboutC amongD by11. A allowedB preachedC grantedD funded12. A SinceB IfC UnlessD While13. A asB forC underD against14. A spreadB interferenceC exclusionD influence15. A supportB cryC pleaD wish16. A urgedB intendedC expectedD promised17. A controllingB formerC remainingD original18. A slowerB fasterC easierD tougher19. A createdB producedC contributedD preferred20. A puzzled byB hostile toC pessimistic aboutD unprepared for文章背景本文主要介紹了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地在獲得獨(dú)立后在政治宗教以及信念各個方面對未來的展望。雖然他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擁有共同的信念，即建立一個獨(dú)立自主的國家，同時在經(jīng)濟(jì)上能夠養(yǎng)活自己的國民，但在宗教自由以及教會的地位問題上，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層之間的意見就不那么一致了。文章結(jié)構(gòu)第一段：主要從政治方面進(jìn)行敘述By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations loved 2 to the future. (總述)many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals(分述)6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states(分述)第二段：主要從宗教方面進(jìn)行敘述On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less第二段：主要從殖民地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的理想方面敘述On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less答案詳解1. 【解析】B 詞匯辨析題。獨(dú)立后的國家居民由原住民和移民共同構(gòu)成，因此，強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)A可排除。而居民既包括原住民也包括移民，故選B。2. 【解析】D 語義銜接題。前一句指出各殖民地已經(jīng)獨(dú)立，所以人們對未來的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是積極的，而“充滿希望地”與“對未來的展望”應(yīng)該是最恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?. 【解析】A 語義銜接題。我們從the ideals of representative government, careersto talent, freedom of commerce and trade, theto private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society 這些字里行間看出這些ideas是現(xiàn)代制度和法律所支持的觀念，雖然這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出身于舊政體和伊比利亞殖民主義的危機(jī)之中，他們(選擇)分享這些觀念?？上扰懦穸ㄒ饬x的B、D項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)attain這個詞一般指的是通過不斷的努力獲得某種知識或達(dá)到某個目標(biāo)。因此，正確答案為A，許多獨(dú)立國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都認(rèn)同議會政府。4. 【解析】C 語義銜接/固定搭配題。本題目選擇形容詞，在句子中體現(xiàn)前、后名詞之間的關(guān)系。many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careersto talent, freedom of commerce and trade, “許多獨(dú)立國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都認(rèn)同議會政府，職業(yè)于人才，商業(yè)和貿(mào)易自由”選項(xiàng)A. related to 相關(guān)的；B. close to接近；C. open to 公開的；開著的；D. devoted to 奉獻(xiàn)的； 投入的。符合語境的只有C. careers open to talent “職位向有才能的人開放”。5. 【解析】C 語義銜接題。本題目選擇名詞，在句子中體現(xiàn)句子內(nèi)容的連貫性。many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, theto private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. “許多獨(dú)立國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都認(rèn)同議會政府，認(rèn)為職業(yè)應(yīng)該向人才開放，認(rèn)可商業(yè)貿(mào)易自由，認(rèn)可私有財產(chǎn)的，認(rèn)為個人是社會的基礎(chǔ)”。選項(xiàng)A. access to 接近；有權(quán)使用； B. succession to 繼承；C. right to的權(quán)利；D. return to 返回。從前面的“議會制政府”，“向人才開放的職業(yè)”，“商業(yè)和貿(mào)易自由”可以看出這里提到的是推動國家進(jìn)步和發(fā)展，充分調(diào)動人們積極性的另一個理念“人們對私有財產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)”，故此處選擇right。因此，正確答案為C。6. 【解析】D 語義銜接題。本題目選擇副詞，體現(xiàn)前、后兩個句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, “有一種的信念，新獨(dú)立的國家應(yīng)該是自治并且獨(dú)立的國家?！边x項(xiàng)A. presumably 大概；B. incidentally 偶然；C. obviously 顯然；D. generally 普遍。在上文中 many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. “許多獨(dú)立國家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都認(rèn)同議會政府，認(rèn)為職業(yè)應(yīng)該向人才開放，認(rèn)可商業(yè)貿(mào)易自由，認(rèn)可私有財產(chǎn)的，認(rèn)為個人是社會的基礎(chǔ)。” 該句與后面的句子沒有任何內(nèi)容相反或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號詞，可以判斷兩個句子是順接關(guān)系，后面承接上一句內(nèi)容而來，繼續(xù)介紹新的獨(dú)立國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都認(rèn)同的理念。因此，正確答案為D。7.【解析】B 語義銜接/詞義辨析題。本題目選擇形容詞，在句子中充當(dāng)定語。Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by aset of laws. “有一種普遍接受的信念，新獨(dú)立的國家應(yīng)該是自治并且獨(dú)立的國家， 要足夠大并且能夠在經(jīng)濟(jì)上運(yùn)行良好，通過一套的法律將各個新獨(dú)立的國家聯(lián)合”。選項(xiàng)A. unique唯一的；B. common普通的；C. particular特別的，獨(dú)有的；D. typical 典型的。想要“聯(lián)合各個國家”只有通過共同接受的法律才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。因此，正確答案為B。8.【解析】A 語義銜接題。本題目選擇名詞，在句子中做賓語。句子敘述到On the issue ofof religion and the position of the Church?！瓣P(guān)于宗教的和教會地位的問題。”選項(xiàng)A. freedom自由；B. origin 起源；C. impact 影響；D. reform 改革。四個選項(xiàng)在句子中似乎都合理，確定該題目為語義銜接題。由于前文敘述內(nèi)容未涉及宗教，所以信息在后文。瀏覽下面語句發(fā)現(xiàn)，羅馬天主教是西班牙國教，是西班牙王室唯一認(rèn)可的宗教。多數(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人致力于保留天主教為新國家的官方宗教；而另一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人致力于終結(jié)排斥其他宗教的狀況。顯然，是關(guān)于宗教信仰的自由問題產(chǎn)生分歧。因此，正確答案為A。9. 【解析】B 邏輯銜接題。本題目選擇邏輯關(guān)系詞，體現(xiàn)前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church,there was less agreement?！瓣P(guān)于宗教信仰自由和教會地位的問題，各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間存在分歧。”選項(xiàng)A. therefore 因此(表結(jié)果)；B. however 然而(表轉(zhuǎn)折)；C. indeed的確(表確定)；D. moreover而且(表遞進(jìn))。第一段中敘述到Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws. “有一種普遍接受的信念，新獨(dú)立的國家應(yīng)該是自治并且獨(dú)立的國家， 要足夠大并且能夠在經(jīng)濟(jì)上運(yùn)行良好，通過一套共同的法律將各個新獨(dú)立的國家聯(lián)合”，介紹了新成立的獨(dú)立國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間在治國理念方面的共識。而隨后的語句there was less agreementthe leadership，提到的是他們之間存在的分歧，顯然兩部分之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此，正確答案為B。10. 【解析】C 慣用銜接題。本題目選擇介詞，體現(xiàn)敘述內(nèi)容的范圍。On the issue of freedom of religion and the position of the Church, however, there was less agreementthe leadership。“關(guān)于宗教信仰自由和教會地位的問題，各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在主導(dǎo)地位方面存在分歧?！北揪浔砻鞲鲊I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間在宗教問題方面不那么有默契了，among表示“在之間”，這里among the leadership表范圍。其他幾個介詞與后面內(nèi)容搭配作狀語時，都不表示范圍。因此，正確答案為C。11.【解析】A 語義銜接題。本句話說：羅馬天主教一直是國教，是西班牙王室準(zhǔn)許的唯一宗教。與前一句“宗教自由”相對。由句中的only 可推斷，西班牙王室只承認(rèn)羅馬天主教。各個選項(xiàng)中只有allow 有“允許”之意，故為答案。C項(xiàng)grant 表示“準(zhǔn)予，給予”，為強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。但grant 所接的間接賓語應(yīng)當(dāng)是該動作發(fā)出者能力范圍或自身特點(diǎn)所擁有的東西。此句中，“天主教”并非源自皇室，皇室無法賦予他人某種宗教，故C不合適。12.【解析】D 邏輯銜接題。本題目選擇連詞，體現(xiàn)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism , some sought to end the “大多數(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人致力于保留天主教，一些人致力于結(jié)束?！标P(guān)于宗教信仰問題，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人分成兩個派別，即，多數(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人致力于保留天主教為新國家的官方宗教，而一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人致力于終結(jié)不能有其他宗教信仰的狀況。顯然，二者觀點(diǎn)相異。因此，正確答案為D。注意while表示讓步是常見考點(diǎn)。13.【解析】A 詞匯辨析題。本題目選擇介詞，將后面的名詞和前面句子的邏輯關(guān)系。while most leaders sought to maintain Catholicismthe official religion of the new states, “大多數(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人致力于保留天主教新的官方宗教?！?選項(xiàng)A. as 作為；B. for 為了；C. under 在之下；D. against 反對。顯然這里as the official religion of the new states是方式狀語，與maintain搭配使用，符合語義關(guān)系。因此，正確答案為A。14.【解析】C 語義銜接題。本題目選擇名詞，在句子中做賓語。句子敘述到some sought to end theof other faiths. “一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人致力于結(jié)束對于其他宗教信仰的?！?選項(xiàng)A. spread 傳播；B. interference干涉；C. exclusion 排除；D. influence 影響。“長久以來西班牙王室只允許人們信奉羅馬天主教，一些領(lǐng)袖打算依然把天主教定為國教”，此處與之對立的觀點(diǎn)是：結(jié)束對其他宗教的排斥，即允許人們信奉其他宗教。exclusion用在此處符合語境，表示“結(jié)束對于其他宗教的排擠”。因此，正確答案為C。15.【解析】B 語義銜接/固定搭配題。選擇名詞，構(gòu)成rallying的固定搭配。在句子中充當(dāng)賓語。The defense of the Church became a rallying for the conservative forces. 這里rallying cry為固定搭配，意為“(起號召作用的)戰(zhàn)斗口號”。因此，正確答案為B。16.【解析】D 語義銜接題。本題目選擇動詞，與to 構(gòu)成搭配，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語動詞。Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and hadin return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. “玻利瓦爾得到海地的援助，作為回報，他在自己解放的地區(qū)廢除奴隸制度?！?選項(xiàng)A. urge 敦促；B. int