高中英語完形填空方法與技巧講解

Welcometoourclass!,GuessthemissingwordsinthesongImaNewSoul.,Brainstorming,ImaNewSoulIma_soulIcametothisstrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitabouthowtogiveand_.ButsinceIcameherefeltthejoyandthe_findingmyselfmakingeverypossible_la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.Ima_soulinthisverystrangeworldhopingIcouldlearnabitaboutwhatistrueand_.Butwhyallthishatetrytocommunicatefindingtrustandloveisnotalwayseasytomake.la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.,_,New,_,_,_,_,_,new,take,fear,mistake,young,fake,ClozetestMethods&Skills,命題特點(diǎn),1完形填空主要是在語篇語境中考查知識(shí)。2完形填空的體裁多以為主，偶有議論文、夾敘夾議的文章或說明文。3要求選擇填空的詞常為實(shí)詞（如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等）著重詞義辨析能力的考查；代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞（包括從句的連接詞）考得較少。4.首句不設(shè)空。5.邏輯鏈上挖空（原文中有線索詞提示）。6.選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)：同一詞類、同一語法形式。,記敘文,詞匯,跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意,再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案,瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破,完形填空的解題步驟,三種主要解題技巧：詞匯運(yùn)用推理判斷緊抓主旨,利用所學(xué)詞匯，根據(jù)文章大意辨析詞義，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，如：Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout_hisnotes.A.bringupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon【思路點(diǎn)撥】B。此題考查短語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別，這四個(gè)短語的基本意義為：bringup“養(yǎng)育，提出，吐出”，referto“論及，談到，參考”，lookfor“尋找”，tryon“試穿”，根據(jù)題義：“經(jīng)理在商務(wù)會(huì)議上講了一個(gè)小時(shí)沒看講稿”。應(yīng)選B。,一、詞匯運(yùn)用,二、推理判斷,我們可以從以下幾方面進(jìn)行推理判斷：1、運(yùn)用“前置信息”與“后置信息”,即語境2、運(yùn)用復(fù)現(xiàn)詞語3、運(yùn)用同義詞或近義詞4、運(yùn)用反義詞5、運(yùn)用上下義詞6、運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系7、運(yùn)用生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí),充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。例如：Stevenson,aScotsman,hadlived_formanyyears.In1881hereturnedtoScotlandforaholiday.A.aloneB.nextdoorC.athomeD.abroad,1、運(yùn)用“前置信息”與“后置信息”,2、利用復(fù)現(xiàn)詞語,有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出現(xiàn)，可以借助這一信息選擇正確答案。AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather_1_.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof_2_.Ifeltevenmorehopelesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1.A.encouragedB.dissatisfiedC.hopelessD.pleased2.A.placeB.jobC.adviceD.help,在英語中有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，常用意思相同或相近的詞或解釋性的語言來連接上下文。IrememberasachildIsaidsomething_aboutsomebody,andmyfathersaid,“Anytimeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse,itsareflectionofyou.”A.unkindB.unnecessaryC.unimportantD.unusual【思路點(diǎn)撥】A。近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，從后暗示unpleasant得知答案。,3、利用同義詞或近義詞,語意的連貫有時(shí)通過對(duì)比的結(jié)構(gòu)采用反義復(fù)現(xiàn)的手段，或者是以反義的方式對(duì)前文加以解釋。應(yīng)注意分析這類概念復(fù)現(xiàn)，從反義的角度判斷正確的選項(xiàng)。Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow(淺的).Butinsomeplacesitisvery.A.highB.deepC.coldD.dangerous,4、利用反義詞,5、利用上下義詞上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個(gè)體。它們是包含與被包含的關(guān)系。如：food是bread,noodle,milk,rice的上義詞，反之bread,noodle,milk,rice是food的下義詞。,1.Hetaughtherhowtorelyonherother_,specificallyherhearing（NMET2010湖北卷）A.feelingB.organsC.skillsD.senses2.Idroppedallthecoinsinto“Itprovedtobeawasteof_,”IthoughtA.wordsB.effortC.spaceD.money,如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的firstly,secondly,finally等；如表示并列關(guān)系的and,or,besides,aswell(as)等；表示因果關(guān)系的thus,therefore,so等，表示改變?cè)掝}的bytheway；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的besides,whatsmore,further等，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的however,but,while,ontheotherhand等等。做題時(shí)如果能充分利用這些過渡詞匯，就可以迅速理清文章脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。,6、利用邏輯關(guān)系,【小試闖關(guān)】1.WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.IdecidedtobuyacarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEnglandbefore_home.A.leavingB.makingC.returningD.getting【思路點(diǎn)撥】此題考查行文邏輯中的因果關(guān)系、時(shí)間先后順序。從第一句的arrived可知題2選A（leaving）。2.Shewassmallinfigurebutstrongin_.A.brainB.wishC.willD.health,根據(jù)連詞確定選項(xiàng)。,7、運(yùn)用生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)了解生活常識(shí)，確定相關(guān)知識(shí),1.Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir_.ThiswasthebeginningofanotherordinarydayinNewYorkCity.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe_hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest,三、緊抓主旨,作者往往通過首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，體現(xiàn)文章的題材、體裁。在做完形填空時(shí)，我們要理清文章思路，把握作者的態(tài)度或思想情感，這對(duì)做好一篇完形有著非常重要的作用，否則可能導(dǎo)致幾個(gè)空格的連續(xù)選填失誤。,Bedtimestoriesareoneofthedelightsofearlychildhood.AccordingtoDr.JulieSpreadburyfromQueenslandUniversity,Parentsshouldnot_1_readingtotheirchildrenaftertheyenterprimaryschool.A.speedupB.keepupC.giveupD.holdup,解題誤區(qū)做完形填空時(shí)，除了依據(jù)所學(xué)語言知識(shí)和解題技巧外，還應(yīng)避免幾個(gè)誤區(qū)。1、單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，試圖用語言知識(shí)解決所有問題。2、時(shí)間安排不當(dāng)，做完形填空的時(shí)間應(yīng)控制在15分鐘左右。正確的做法是由易到難。,Task:Usethemethodsyouhavelearnedtoanalyseyourhomework.,Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The1hasbeenonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby2situationthataredesignedforthe3children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat4classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.1.A.principleB.theoryC.argumentsD.classification2.A.designingB.groupingC.learningD.living3.A.smartB.curiousC.matureD.average4.A.regularB.specialC.smallD.creative5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs,Practicemakesperfect!NMET2011GuangdongClozeTest,argued,children,classes,intellectual,_,children,_,_,_,these,However,gifted,同詞（同源詞）暗示,同一話題暗示,同一話題（場(chǎng)景）暗示,反義暗示,反義暗示,因果暗示,_,_,However,totakethese5outoftheregularclassesmaycreateseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof6childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina7class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying8ontheirteachersdirections.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect9onmanyproblems,someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs6.A.intelligentB.competentC.ordinaryD.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wronglyD.heavily9.A.directlyB.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly,_,_,_,反義暗示,與gifted近義暗示,giftedchildren,_,因果暗示,反義暗示,因果暗示,Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome10andloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis11ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese12simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoare13.Sometopstudentsdofeelboredinclass,butwhythey14sogoesfarbeyondtheworktheyhaveinschool.Studieshaveshownthattobeboredistobeanxious.Thegiftedchildwhoisboredisan15child.10.A.doubtedB.boredC.worriedD.tired11.A.concernB.conclusionC.reflectionD.interest12.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachers13.A.talentedB.worriedC.learnedD.interested14.A.believeB.thinkC.sayD.feel15.A.outstandingB.intelligentC.anxiousD.ordinary,_,this,_,these,_,_,_,so,_,近義暗示,同詞（同源詞）暗示,上下義詞暗示