機(jī)械外文翻譯--數(shù)控仿真技術(shù).doc

Thenumericalcontrolsimulationtechnology1、computersimulationconceptandtheapplicationLookedfromtheprojectanglethat,thesimulationwasthroughstudiesonetothesystemmodelexperimenttohaveorinthedesignsystem.Analyzesthecomplexdynamicobject,thesimulationisoneeffectivemethod,mayreducetherisk,reducescyclewhichdesignsandmakes,andsavestheinvestment.Thecomputersimulationisdrawssupportfromthecomputer,theusesystemmodelconductstheexperimentalstudytotheactualsystemtheprocess.Butitdevelopsrapidlyalongwiththecomputertechnologydevelopment,holdsthemoreandmoreimportantstatusinthesimulation.ThecomputersimulationprocessmaytheessentialfactorthreebasicactivitieswhichthroughshowninFigure1describe:Themodellingactivityisthroughtotheactualsystemobservationortheexamination,andcannotexaminethevariableintheneglectsecondaryfactorinthefoundation,carriesonthedescriptionwithphysicalormathematicsmethod,thusobtainstheactualsystemthesimplificationapproximatemodel.Heremodelshouldhavethesimilaritywithbetweentheactualsystemfunctionandtheparameterandthecorrespondence.Thesimulationmodelis(simplificationmodel)carriesoncertainalgorithmprocessingtothesystemmathematicalmodel,aftercausesittobecometheappropriateform(forexamplebecomesnumericalintegrationiterativecomputationmodel),becomescanbythecomputeraccept“maycalculatethemodel”.Thesimulationmodelsaystotheactualsystemisamodelwhichtwotimessimplifies.Thesimulationexperimentisrefersthesystemsimulationmodeltheprocesswhichmovesonthecomputer.Thesimulationisstudiestheactualsystemthroughtheexperimentonekindoftechnology,mayclarifythesystemintrinsicstructurevariableandtheenvironmentalconditioninfluencethroughthesimulationtechnology.Thecomputersimulationtechnologytrendofdevelopmentmainlydisplaysintwoaspects:Applicationdomainexpansionandsimulationcomputerintellectualization.Notonlythecomputersimulationtechnologyinthetraditionalprojectareaoftechnology(aspectsandsoonaviation,astronautics,chemicalindustry)continuestodevelop,moreoverexpandstothesocialeconomy,thebiologyandsoonmanynon-projectdomains,inaddition,technicalandsoonparallelprocessing,artificialintelligence,knowledgelibraryandexpertsystemdevelopmentareaffectingthesimulationcomputerdevelopment.Thenumericalcontrolprocessingsimulationsimulatestheactualprocessingprocessusingthecomputer,isconfirmsthenumericalcontrolprocessingprocedurethereliabilityandtheforecastcuttingprocesspowerfultool,reducestheworkpiecetotrytocut,enhancestheproductionefficiency.2、numericalcontrolsimulationtechnologyresearchpresentsituationNumericalcontrolenginebedprocessingcomponentsaredependonthenumericalcontrolinstructionprocedurecontroltocomplete.Inordertoguaranteethenumericalcontrolproceduretheaccuracy,preventedintheprocessingprocesstheinterferenceandthecollisionoccurrence,intheactualproduction,oftenusesthemethodwhichtriestocuttocarryontheexamination.Butthismethodrequiresalotofworkusesalotofmaterial,thepriceisexpensive,causestheproductioncostrise,increasedtheproductprocessperiodandtheproductioncycle.Afterwardsusedthetrackdisplaylaw,namelydelimitedtheneedleorthepenreplacesthecuttingtool,replacedtheworkpiecebythecolorplateorthepapertocomethesimulationcuttingtoolpaththetwo-dimensionalgraph(alsotobepossibletodemonstratetwo-dimensionalhalfprocessingpath),hadthequitebiglimitation.Regardingworkpiecethreedimensionalandmulti-dimensionalprocessing,alsousefuleasytocutthematerialreplacestheworkpiece(forexample,paraffinwax,lumber,modifiedresinandplasticandsoon)examinetheprocessingthecuttingpath.But,triestotakethenumericalcontrolenginebedvitallyandtoprocessthescene.Therefore,thepeoplecangraduallyreplacethecomputersimulationmethodcontinuouslyintheresearchwhichtriestocut,andwastryingtocutaspectsandsoonenvironmentsimulation,simulationcomputationandgraphicaldisplayhasmadetheimportantprogress,atpresenttoisenhancingthemodeltheprecision,thesimulationcalculatesthesolidcurrenteventsandimprovementgraphicaldisplaydirectionsandsoonthirddimensiondevelops.Fromtriestocuttheenvironmentthemodelcharacteristictolookthat,atpresenttheNCcuttingprocesssimulationisdividedthegeometrysimulationandthemechanicssimulationtwoaspects.Thegeometrysimulationdidnotconsiderthecuttingparameter,thecuttingforceandotherphysicalfactorinfluence,onlythesimulationcuttingtoolworkpiecegeometricsolidmovement,confirmstheNCproceduretheaccuracy.Itmayreduceortheeliminationtheenginebeddamage,thejigwhichcausesbecauseoftheprogramerrordestroysorthecuttingtoolbreaksoff,questionsandsooncomponentsabandonment；Simultaneouslymayreducefromtheproductdesignstothemanufacturetime,reducestheproductioncost.Thecuttingprocessmechanicssimulationbelongstothephysicalsimulationcategory,itthroughthesimulationcuttingprocessdynamicmechanicscharacteristicforecastthecuttingtoolbreakage,thecuttingtoolvibrate,thecontrolcuttingparameter,thusachievestheoptimizedcuttingprocessthegoal.Thegeometrysimulationtechnologydevelopmentis,includingthequalitativegraphicaldisplayandthequotainterferencewhichdevelopsalongwiththegeometrymodelingtechnologydevelopmentconfirmstwoaspects.Atpresentthecommonlyusedmethodhasthedirectentitymodeltheory,asksbasedontheimagespacemethodandtheseparatevectortohandoverthelaw.3、directentitymodeltheoryThismethodisreferstotheenvelopingbodywhichtheworkpiecebodyandthecuttingtoolmovementformstocarryontheentityBooleandifferenceoperation,theworkpiecebodythree-dimensionalmodelalongwiththecuttingprocessisrenewedunceasingly.SungurtekinandVelckerhavedevelopedamillingmachineanalogoussystem.ThissystemusestheCSGlawtorecordthesemifinishedmaterialsthethree-dimensionalmodel,usessomebasemapYuanlikecuboid,thecircularcylinder,theconeandsoon,withthesetoperation,speciallyandoperates,scansthesemifinishedmaterialsandaseriesofcuttingtoolstheregiontorecord,thentheapplicationdifferenceofsetsoperationfromthesemifinishedmaterialstheorderexcepthasscannedtheregion.So-calledtheregionwhichhasswepttheregionisrefersthecuttingtoolalongsomepathmovementwhenpassesthrough.AfterscannedeachsectionofNCcodetodemonstratechangedsemifinishedmaterialsshape.Kawashimaandsoonthejointtreelawandcutsthesemifinishedmaterialstheregiontosetupwiththejoint(graftree)toindicatethat,namelyexceptspatialandthefulltwokindofpoints,theboundarypointalsotookeightforkssetup(octtree)theleafpoint.Theboundarypointcontainsthehalfspace,thepointobjectuseexpressedonthesehalfspaceCSGoperation.Thejointtreesubdivideslevelhalfspaceintegerdecisionwhichpermitsbytheboundarypoint.Thegraduallycuttingsimulationandcutstheregionusingthesemifinishedmaterialsthedifferenceoperationtorealize.Thesemifinishedmaterialsdemonstrationhasusedthedepthbufferalgorithm,thesemifinishedmaterialsdivisionisthepolygonrealizationsemifinishedmaterialsvisualization.Withsemifinishedmaterialsreal-timevisualizationwhichrenewscontinuouslybasedontheentitymodellingmethodrealization,consumeswhentooislong,thereforesomeareraisedbasedontheobservationmethod.數(shù)控仿真技術(shù)1計(jì)算機(jī)仿真的概念及應(yīng)用從工程的角度來看，仿真就是通過對(duì)系統(tǒng)模型的實(shí)驗(yàn)去研究一個(gè)已有的或設(shè)計(jì)中的系統(tǒng)。分析復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)象，仿真是一種有效的方法，可以減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，縮短設(shè)計(jì)和制造的周期，并節(jié)約投資。計(jì)算機(jī)仿真就是借助計(jì)算機(jī)，利用系統(tǒng)模型對(duì)實(shí)際系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的過程。它隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展而迅速地發(fā)展，在仿真中占有越來越重要的地位。計(jì)算機(jī)仿真的過程可通過圖1所示的要素間的三個(gè)基本活動(dòng)來描述：建?；顒?dòng)是通過對(duì)實(shí)際系統(tǒng)的觀測(cè)或檢測(cè)，在忽略次要因素及不可檢測(cè)變量的基礎(chǔ)上，用物理或數(shù)學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行描述，從而獲得實(shí)際系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)化近似模型。這里的模型同實(shí)際系統(tǒng)的功能與參數(shù)之間應(yīng)具有相似性和對(duì)應(yīng)性。仿真模型是對(duì)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型（簡(jiǎn)化模型）進(jìn)行一定的算法處理，使其成為合適的形式（如將數(shù)值積分變?yōu)榈\(yùn)算模型）之后，成為能被計(jì)算機(jī)接受的“可計(jì)算模型”。仿真模型對(duì)實(shí)際系統(tǒng)來講是一個(gè)二次簡(jiǎn)化的模型。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)是指將系統(tǒng)的仿真模型在計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行的過程。仿真是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來研究實(shí)際系統(tǒng)的一種技術(shù)，通過仿真技術(shù)可以弄清系統(tǒng)內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)變量和環(huán)境條件的影響。計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大和仿真計(jì)算機(jī)的智能化。計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)不僅在傳統(tǒng)的工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域（航空、航天、化工等方面）繼續(xù)發(fā)展，而且擴(kuò)大到社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、生物等許多非工程領(lǐng)域，此外，并行處理、人工智能、知識(shí)庫和專家系統(tǒng)等技術(shù)的發(fā)展正影響著仿真計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展。數(shù)控加工仿真利用計(jì)算機(jī)來模擬實(shí)際的加工過程，是驗(yàn)證數(shù)控加工程序的可靠性和預(yù)測(cè)切削過程的有力工具，以減少工件的試切，提高生產(chǎn)效率。2數(shù)控仿真技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀數(shù)控機(jī)床加工零件是靠數(shù)控指令程序控制完成的。為確保數(shù)控程序的正確性，防止加工過程中干涉和碰撞的發(fā)生，在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，常采用試切的方法進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。但這種方法費(fèi)工費(fèi)料，代價(jià)昂貴，使生產(chǎn)成本上升，增加了產(chǎn)品加工時(shí)間和生產(chǎn)周期。后來又采用軌跡顯示法，即以劃針或筆代替刀具，以著色板或紙代替工件來仿真刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的二維圖形（也可以顯示二維半的加工軌跡），有相當(dāng)大的局限性。對(duì)于工件的三維和多維加工，也有用易切削的材料代替工件（如，石蠟、木料、改性樹脂和塑料等）來檢驗(yàn)加工的切削軌跡。但是，試切要占用數(shù)控機(jī)床和加工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。為此，人們一直在研究能逐步代替