2018高考英語專題短文改錯(cuò)

1、2018高考英語專題-短文改錯(cuò)壓軸題高分策略之錯(cuò)詞一、考點(diǎn)規(guī)律分析短文改錯(cuò)中，錯(cuò)詞所占比重最高，常占整篇短文改錯(cuò)10題中的的6個(gè)小題左右。錯(cuò)詞的情況也最為復(fù)雜，常見的有：動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤；名詞錯(cuò)誤；連詞錯(cuò)誤；冠詞錯(cuò)誤；形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤；代詞錯(cuò)誤；非謂語動(dòng)詞常見錯(cuò)誤；介詞錯(cuò)誤；習(xí)慣用法錯(cuò)誤以及邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤等。矚慫潤厲釤瘞睞櫪廡賴。矚慫潤厲釤瘞睞櫪廡賴。1. 動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用； and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致；主謂不一致；缺少動(dòng)詞，特別是be動(dòng)詞；第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用；主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用。They did not want me to do any work at home; the

2、y want me to devote all my time to my studies.聞創(chuàng)溝燴鐺險(xiǎn)愛氌譴凈。聞創(chuàng)溝燴鐺險(xiǎn)愛氌譴凈?！敬鸢浮縟id改為doAs we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟。殘騖樓諍錈瀨濟(jì)溆塹籟。【答案】visiting改為visited【思路分析】通讀全句可知，句子的整個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，有三個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，分別為fed，visiting和told。很明顯，并列連詞and前后的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致，所以應(yīng)該把visiting改為

3、visited。 釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐。釅錒極額閉鎮(zhèn)檜豬訣錐。One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.彈貿(mào)攝爾霽斃攬磚鹵廡。彈貿(mào)攝爾霽斃攬磚鹵廡。【答案】was改為were【思路分析】when引導(dǎo)的從句的主語是her parents，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式were。There will an important game next month.【答案】will后加be【思路分析】will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)作為謂語使用，需在will后邊加上對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞。在這里需要加上系動(dòng)詞be。謀蕎

4、摶篋飆鐸懟類蔣薔。謀蕎摶篋飆鐸懟類蔣薔。【觸類旁通】 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could), may(might), must, have to, shall(should), will(would), dare(dared), need(needed), ought to等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。廈礴懇蹣駢時(shí)盡繼價(jià)騷。廈礴懇蹣駢時(shí)盡繼價(jià)騷。2. 名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤Ill get good marks in all my subject.【答案】subject改為subjects【思路分析】 subject作“學(xué)科”講時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞。再根據(jù)前邊的修飾

5、語all可以得出，subject應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。煢楨廣鰳鯡選塊網(wǎng)羈淚。煢楨廣鰳鯡選塊網(wǎng)羈淚。Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改為knowledge）鵝婭盡損鵪慘歷蘢鴛賴。鵝婭盡損鵪慘歷蘢鴛賴?！敬鸢浮縦nowledges改為knowledgeTheir word were a great encouragement to me.【答案】word改為words【思路分析】 句子的謂語為復(fù)數(shù)形式were，所以主語應(yīng)該用word的復(fù)數(shù)形式，words指的是“所說的話”?！久麕燑c(diǎn)撥】名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤主要有：?jiǎn)螐?fù)

6、數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用；可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)分；根據(jù)名詞前面的修飾語或謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。籟叢媽羥為贍僨蟶練淨(jìng)。籟叢媽羥為贍僨蟶練淨(jìng)。3. 連詞錯(cuò)誤I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.預(yù)頌圣鉉儐歲齦訝驊糴。預(yù)頌圣鉉儐歲齦訝驊糴。【答案】but改為and【思路分析】根據(jù)句意可知，teach them，play with them和watch them growing up為并列關(guān)系，不存在轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，所以應(yīng)該把but改為and。ks5u滲釤嗆儼勻諤鱉調(diào)硯錦。滲釤嗆儼勻諤鱉調(diào)硯錦。【觸類旁通】連詞是一種虛詞，它

7、不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。鐃誅臥瀉噦圣騁貺頂廡。鐃誅臥瀉噦圣騁貺頂廡。并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。主要包括：1. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but，yet，while等；2. 表示選擇：or，eitheror，neithernor，otherwise等；3. 表示聯(lián)合：and，notonlybut also，when(=and just at this time就在這時(shí))等；4. 表示因果：for，so等。擁締鳳襪備訊顎輪爛薔。擁締鳳襪備訊顎輪爛薔。You like tennis, while Id rather rea

8、d. 你愛打網(wǎng)球，但我愛看書。贓熱俁閫歲匱閶鄴鎵騷。贓熱俁閫歲匱閶鄴鎵騷。Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽煙也不喝酒。壇摶鄉(xiāng)囂懺蔞鍥鈴氈淚。壇摶鄉(xiāng)囂懺蔞鍥鈴氈淚。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不僅講得更正確，而且也更不費(fèi)勁了。蠟變黲癟報(bào)倀鉉錨鈰贅。蠟變黲癟報(bào)倀鉉錨鈰贅。He told me to do it, so I did it. 他讓我這樣做，于是我就這樣做了。從屬連詞主要用來連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句。主要包括：1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從

9、句：when， while，as，whenever，before，after，since，until，till，as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，no soonerthan，hardlywhen等；2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句：if，unless，as/so long as，in case等； 3. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句：in order that，so that，in case，for fear等；4. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句：so that，sothat，suchthat等；5. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：because，as，since，now that等

10、；6. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句：although，though，even though/if，while，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever等；7. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句：as，like，as if/though等；8. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where，wherever，everywhere等；9. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句：than，asas等。 買鯛鴯譖曇膚遙閆擷凄。買鯛鴯譖曇膚遙閆擷凄。We listened while the teacher read. 老師朗讀時(shí)我們聽著。He started the job soon after he left the

11、 university. 他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就開始做這份工作。綾鏑鯛駕櫬鶘蹤韋轔糴。綾鏑鯛駕櫬鶘蹤韋轔糴。Most men worked until/till theyre 65. 大多數(shù)男人工作到65歲。驅(qū)躓髏彥浹綏譎飴憂錦。驅(qū)躓髏彥浹綏譎飴憂錦。In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐乙幌?。貓蠆驢繪燈鮒誅髏貺廡。貓蠆驢繪燈鮒誅髏貺廡。4. 冠詞錯(cuò)誤We may be one family and live under a same roof. 【答案】a 改為the【名師點(diǎn)撥】單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a還是an，由名詞的第一個(gè)音節(jié)決

12、定，第一個(gè)音節(jié)是元音，用an；第一個(gè)音節(jié)是輔音，用a。另外在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，還要注意對(duì)含有a和the的固定搭配的用法的記憶。鍬籟饗逕瑣筆襖鷗婭薔。鍬籟饗逕瑣筆襖鷗婭薔。5. 形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. 【答案】wonderfully改為wonderful【思路分析】time是名詞，所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾。My pronunciation was terribly.【答案】terribly改為terrible【思路分析】was為be動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞terrible?！久麕燑c(diǎn)撥】(1) 系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞：

13、be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel等；構(gòu)氽頑黌碩飩薺齦話騖。構(gòu)氽頑黌碩飩薺齦話騖。(2) 詞性的誤用：形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和形容詞。6. 代詞錯(cuò)誤Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. 輒嶧陽檉籪癤網(wǎng)儂號(hào)澩。輒嶧陽檉籪癤網(wǎng)儂號(hào)澩。【答案】me改為myselfEach of them learned to work for his team and not for h

14、im on the football field.堯側(cè)閆繭絳闕絢勵(lì)蜆贅。堯側(cè)閆繭絳闕絢勵(lì)蜆贅。【答案】him改為himself【思路分析】由句意可知，應(yīng)該用反身代詞himself。Whats more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.識(shí)饒鎂錕縊灩筧嚌儼淒。識(shí)饒鎂錕縊灩筧嚌儼淒?！敬鸢浮縣im改為them【思路分析】your pupils為復(fù)數(shù)形式，應(yīng)該用跟其對(duì)應(yīng)的代詞them?！久麕燑c(diǎn)撥】代詞錯(cuò)誤一般有以下幾種情況：(1) 代詞的主格和賓格：I/me; he/him; she/her; we/

15、us ;they/them；凍鈹鋨勞臘鍇癇婦脛糴。凍鈹鋨勞臘鍇癇婦脛糴。(2) 反身代詞：myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves；恥諤銪滅縈歡煬鞏鶩錦。恥諤銪滅縈歡煬鞏鶩錦。(3) 代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。7. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. 鯊腎鑰詘褳鉀溈懼統(tǒng)庫。鯊腎鑰詘褳鉀溈懼統(tǒng)庫。【答案】talk改為talking【思路分析】enjoy后需跟動(dòng)名詞形式。But his parents think go to college is

16、more important than playing sports.碩癘鄴頏謅攆檸攜驤蘞。碩癘鄴頏謅攆檸攜驤蘞?！敬鸢浮縢o改為going【思路分析】going to the college作think引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主語。Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.閿擻輳嬪諫遷擇楨秘騖。閿擻輳嬪諫遷擇楨秘騖?！敬鸢浮縭ead改為reading【思路分析】the habit of是固定搭配，后跟動(dòng)名詞，意思是“的習(xí)慣”?！久麕燑c(diǎn)撥】非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤常包括以下幾種情況：(1) 不定式

17、、動(dòng)名詞作主語或賓語；(2) and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)）；(3) 介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語；(4) 某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。8. 介詞錯(cuò)誤There are too many people among my family. 【答案】among改為in【名師點(diǎn)撥】短文改錯(cuò)中介詞錯(cuò)誤通常包括：詞組中介詞的誤用以及由于理解錯(cuò)誤而造成的介詞錯(cuò)用?？忌艘獪?zhǔn)確把握介詞的用法外，也要準(zhǔn)確記憶固定搭配中的介詞的用法。氬嚕躑竄貿(mào)懇彈瀘頷澩。氬嚕躑竄貿(mào)懇彈瀘頷澩。9.習(xí)慣用法錯(cuò)誤主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考?？键c(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)

18、誤。釷鵒資贏車贖孫滅獅贅。釷鵒資贏車贖孫滅獅贅。It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and of慫闡譜鯪逕導(dǎo)嘯畫長涼。慫闡譜鯪逕導(dǎo)嘯畫長涼。【答案】for改為of【思路分析】it is kind of sb. to do sth.是習(xí)慣搭配，意思是“某人做某事很友善。”諺辭調(diào)擔(dān)鈧諂動(dòng)禪瀉類。諺辭調(diào)擔(dān)鈧諂動(dòng)禪瀉類?！久麕燑c(diǎn)撥】習(xí)慣用法在短文改錯(cuò)中的錯(cuò)誤主要考查的是對(duì)英語中習(xí)慣搭配方面基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握情況。也需要考生特殊記憶。10.邏輯錯(cuò)誤 no way of setting the matter except by

19、 selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. 嘰覲詿縲鐋囁偽純鉿錈。嘰覲詿縲鐋囁偽純鉿錈?！敬鸢浮縮omeone改為everyone【名師點(diǎn)撥】短文改錯(cuò)中邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤通常指的是，與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤等。熒紿譏鉦鏌觶鷹緇機(jī)庫。熒紿譏鉦鏌觶鷹緇機(jī)庫。二、解題技巧與方法總結(jié)短文改錯(cuò)中，錯(cuò)詞涉及到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)非常多，主要包括詞法錯(cuò)誤、句法錯(cuò)誤、行文邏輯等。具體來說就是，一致原則、非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用、詞性混用、詞語搭配錯(cuò)誤等。鶼漬螻偉閱劍鯫腎邏蘞。鶼漬螻偉閱劍鯫腎邏蘞。1. 一致原

20、則判斷一致原則使用是否正確，大家可從以下幾方面考慮：主謂是否一致；連詞連接的兩個(gè)成分的詞性是否一致；時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；觀察上下文，看代詞的指代內(nèi)容是什么；連詞使用是否符合邏輯。紂憂蔣氳頑薟驅(qū)藥憫騖。紂憂蔣氳頑薟驅(qū)藥憫騖。2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用由于自身特點(diǎn)和復(fù)雜性，非謂語動(dòng)詞是中學(xué)生較難掌握語法項(xiàng)目之一，也是短文改錯(cuò)命題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。短文改錯(cuò)除了考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本功能外，還考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式變化以及動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同搭配等。穎芻莖蛺餑億頓裊賠瀧。穎芻莖蛺餑億頓裊賠瀧。短文改錯(cuò)中關(guān)于非謂語動(dòng)詞類的錯(cuò)誤，可以遵循下面規(guī)律進(jìn)行修改： (1) 對(duì)比時(shí)間：對(duì)照謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間，確定非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式。(

21、2) 辨明邏輯：從非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。(3) 兩方面結(jié)合，判斷時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)混合形式3. 詞性混用詞性混用主要指的是，名詞和形容詞之間、形容詞和副詞之間詞性的變化及其用法。需要考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中準(zhǔn)確掌握這類詞的用法。濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。4. 詞語搭配錯(cuò)誤詞語搭配涉及的知識(shí)點(diǎn)也比較多，最為重要的有介詞和名詞的固定搭配，動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞的搭配，動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配，以及某些句型的固定搭配等都會(huì)成為短文改錯(cuò)的考查點(diǎn)。這類錯(cuò)誤的類型很多，內(nèi)容涉及寬泛，需要考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中加強(qiáng)積累。銚銻縵嚌鰻鴻鋟謎諏涼。銚銻縵嚌鰻鴻鋟謎諏涼。總的來說，短文改錯(cuò)應(yīng)該遵

22、循以下幾個(gè)原則：第一，錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少為原則。這是指每行最多只能改動(dòng)一處，即在一個(gè)詞上進(jìn)行改動(dòng)，可以是增詞、減詞、改詞，但無論是何種改動(dòng)，只能是增加一詞，減少一詞或把一個(gè)詞改成另一個(gè)詞。沒有錯(cuò)誤的一行只需打勾表明正確而無需改動(dòng)。擠貼綬電麥結(jié)鈺贖嘵類。擠貼綬電麥結(jié)鈺贖嘵類。第二，虛詞以添加或者刪除為原則。需要添刪的詞一般都是冠詞、代詞、介詞、關(guān)系詞等；而動(dòng)詞、名詞等輕易不能添刪，否則會(huì)改變句子原意。賠荊紳諮侖驟遼輩襪錈。賠荊紳諮侖驟遼輩襪錈。But he was even more surprised to see few children near the tigers cage .塤礙籟饈決穩(wěn)

23、賽釙冊(cè)庫。塤礙籟饈決穩(wěn)賽釙冊(cè)庫。第三，實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則。在改錯(cuò)過程中，對(duì)實(shí)詞的處理一般只是改變它的形式，不能改變其詞義也不能改換成另一個(gè)實(shí)詞，更不能隨便添刪。裊樣祕(mì)廬廂顫諺鍘羋藺。裊樣祕(mì)廬廂顫諺鍘羋藺。Would you mind do me a favour ?【思路分析】do改為doing。但有些考生把mind給刪去了，使原句成為Would you do me a favour? 這樣改雖然糾正了語法錯(cuò)誤，但是句子的語氣卻變得很不委婉。故不是正確答案。倉嫗盤紲囑瓏詁鍬齊驁。倉嫗盤紲囑瓏詁鍬齊驁。第四，原意以保持不變?yōu)樵瓌t。一般應(yīng)遵循保持句子原意的原則（即不能改變文章或作者所要表達(dá)的意思

24、，包括其語氣和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系），只對(duì)短文中的用詞錯(cuò)誤、語法錯(cuò)誤、行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行改正，且要小改而不大改。綻萬璉轆娛閬蟶鬮綰瀧。綻萬璉轆娛閬蟶鬮綰瀧。三、針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練1. I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.驍顧燁鶚巰瀆蕪領(lǐng)鱺賻。驍顧燁鶚巰瀆蕪領(lǐng)鱺賻。2. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.瑣釙濺曖惲錕縞馭篩涼。瑣釙濺曖惲錕縞馭篩涼。3. The Smiths did his best t

25、o make me feel at home.鎦詩涇艷損樓紲鯗餳類。鎦詩涇艷損樓紲鯗餳類。4. After learning the basic of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me.櫛緶歐鋤棗鈕種鵑瑤錟。櫛緶歐鋤棗鈕種鵑瑤錟。5. I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends that a great time I had.轡燁棟剛殮攬瑤麗鬮應(yīng)。轡燁棟剛殮攬瑤麗鬮應(yīng)。6. I also enjoyed the evening when we spent together.峴揚(yáng)斕滾澗輻灄興渙藺。峴揚(yáng)斕滾澗輻灄興渙藺。7. As we climbed the mountains, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.詩叁撻訥燼憂毀厲鋨驁。詩叁撻訥燼憂毀厲鋨驁。8. Now someone at home reads instead.9. We had a pleased t