新概念一Lesson143-144講義打印版

1、Lesson 143-144 A walk through the woods 林中散步Key words詞匯surroundv. 包圍 woodn. 樹林 beauty spot風(fēng)景點(diǎn)hundredn. 百 cityn. 城市 throughprep. 穿過visitorn. 參觀者，游客，來訪者 tidy adj. 整齊的 littern. 雜亂的東西litter basket廢物筐 placev. 放 throw( threw; thrown)v. 扔，拋rubbishn. 垃圾 countv. 數(shù)，點(diǎn) coverv. 覆蓋 piecen. 碎片 tyren. 輪胎 rustyadj.

2、生銹的 amongprep.在之間 prosecute依法處置surround v.包圍；圍繞The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.那位老教授非常喜歡年輕人圍在他左右。When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周圍到處都是盒子。拓展：surro

3、unding adj. 周圍的，附近的 例：the surrounding country近郊surroundings n. (復(fù)數(shù))環(huán)境，周圍的事物 例：railway surroundings鐵路周圍的環(huán)境woodn. 樹林 n. （復(fù)數(shù)）樹林，森林（通常比forest?。?例：She got lost in the woods. 她在森林中迷路了。 n. （不可數(shù)）木材，木料 例：This house is made of wood. 這棟房子是木制的。hundredn. 百four hundredand eighty 480固定搭配：hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的，幾百的visit

4、orn. 參觀者，游客，來訪者No visitors 謝絕會客，拓展：visit v. 瀏覽，參觀place v. 放 v.（小心地）放；放置He placed the record back to the shelf. 他把唱片放回到架子上。Their request placed me in a difficult position. 他們的要求將我置于困境。 v. 任命；安置The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.公司任命他在東京的一家分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作。There is no better way to place t

5、he homeless children.沒有更好的辦法來安置這些無家可歸的孩子們。固定搭配：from place to place處處；give place to讓位于，被所代替；know ones place懂分寸，不過分，舉止謙虛take place（事情）發(fā)生；in place of代替throw( threw; thrown)v. 扔，拋Please throw. I will catch. 拋過來，我來接。固定搭配：throw away 拋棄，丟棄，丟掉rubbishn. 垃圾 n. 垃圾 例：clear away the rubbish 清除垃圾 n. 無聊之事，荒唐之事，廢話

6、例：Dont talk rubbish. 別說廢話了。coverv. 覆蓋 v. 覆蓋She covered her face with her hands. 她用手掩面。 n. 遮蓋的（東西或物）；套子，蓋子；包裝紙；封面，書皮Put a cover on a pot. 把鍋蓋蓋在鍋上。固定搭配：be covered with sth. 蓋滿，被覆蓋prosecute 依法處置 v. 起訴，檢舉；依法處置Trespassers will be prosecuted. 閑人莫入，違者法辦。They prosecuted him for shoplifting. 他們起訴他扒竊商店貨物。 v.（

7、書面語）徹底進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行We are going to prosecute the investigation further. 我們將進(jìn)一步徹底進(jìn)行調(diào)查。Text1I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.主從復(fù)合問句，which is surrounded by beautiful woods為定語從句，修飾town。which指代town。從句用的是被動語態(tài)，“被所包圍”。如果將從句獨(dú)立為一個句子，則為：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.2On Sunda

8、ys, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.（1）簡單句，to see our town and to walk through the woods為不定式短語充當(dāng)目的狀語，from the city作定語修飾hundreds of people。（2）hundreds of people復(fù)數(shù)形式表概數(shù)，“數(shù)以計(jì)的”，與of連用，作名詞修飾語，其后的名詞必然是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：hundreds of people幾百人3Visitors have been asked

9、 to keep the woods clean and tidy.（1）被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時，說明需求的行為應(yīng)為游客所知。to keep the woods clean and tidy為不定式短語充當(dāng)ask的賓語補(bǔ)足語。（2）keep the woods clean and tidy也是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，充當(dāng)不予補(bǔ)足語的是形容詞短語clean and tidy。拓展：keep在此處的用法：動詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語。另外，可以用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的供詞一般還有make，get，keep，find ，wash等，賓語補(bǔ)足語一般是形容詞。4 What I saw made me very sad. （1）句中的主語Wha

10、t I saw 是 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。（2）made這里的意思是：使存在；使發(fā)生。（3）very sad.做賓語補(bǔ)足語。5 Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!（1）如果是牌子上,報紙上說什么，就如課文中那樣可以用say（2）“Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted！”是主從復(fù)合句，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾anyone。anyone

11、who任何的人。例：anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 該晚會來者不拒。Grammar 1被動語態(tài)：上一次介紹了被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時形式，這里介紹其現(xiàn)在完成時和一般將來時形式：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時形式： has/have + been + 過去分詞：The basket has already been emptied. 籃子已經(jīng)被騰空了。They have already been invited. 他們已被邀請。（2）一般將來時形式： will/shall +be +過去分詞：The floor will be swept soon.

12、 地不久就會掃的。The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就會磨的。2. 賓語補(bǔ)足語：賓語補(bǔ)足語主要用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語，與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系，可由名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如：Tom found the climb quite easy. 湯姆覺得爬山很容易。Dont be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要這樣正規(guī)，叫我吉姆好了。Im finished. Lets go now. 我已干完，咱們走吧。You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干凈。I have the car waiting

13、. 我讓汽車等著。We had the machine repaired. 我們請人修理了機(jī)器。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你為什么不理發(fā)? He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄傷了。I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多工作要做。She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足夠的衣服穿。He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重講一遍。Rain makes pla

14、nts grow. 雨水使植物生長。注意：后跟名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動詞有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，當(dāng)謂語動詞為感官動詞(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役動詞(如 let, have, make 等)，動詞不定式不帶 to。Lesson 144練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercisesA1 The writer li

15、ves in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 2 Because it is a famous beauty spot. 3 Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. 4 Litter baskets have been placed under the trees. 5 The writer went for a walk in the woods. 6 Yes, he saw a lot of rubbish. 7 He saw a s

16、ign among the rubbish. 8 The sign said, Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted. B1 Someone has aired it. It has already been aired. 2 Someone has cleaned them. They have already been cleaned. 3 Someone has emptied it. It has already been emptied. 4 Someone has sharpened it. It ha

17、s already been sharpened. 5 Someone has turned them on. They have already been turned on. 6 Someone has bought them. They have already been bought. 7 Someone has swept it. It has already been swept. 8 Someone has taken them to school. They have already been taken to school. 9 Someone has invited the

18、m. They have already been invited. 10 Someone has told them. They have already been told. C1 It hasnt been aired yet. It will be aired tomorrow. 2 They havent been cleaned yet. They will be cleaned tomorrow. 3 It hasnt been emptied yet. It will be emptied tomorrow. 4 It hasnt been sharpened yet. It will be sharpened tomorrow. 5 They havent been turned on yet. They will be turned on tomorrow. 6 They ha