隨著建筑施工企業(yè)的機械化水平的不斷提高

1、.一種延緩或避免機械發(fā)生故障的技術(shù)措施隨著建筑施工企業(yè)的機械化水平的不斷提高,各種機械設(shè)備種類越來越多、越來越現(xiàn)代化,對施工設(shè)備的使用、維修和管理提出了越來越高的要求,原粗放式的管理方法已經(jīng)不能滿足施工現(xiàn)場的要求,因此必須采用一種全新的施工設(shè)備使用、維修和管理的模式,也就是現(xiàn)在國際上流行的管理模式精細化管理模式。With the continuous improvement of the mechanization level of construction enterprises, various types of machinery more and more, more and more

2、 modernization, the use of construction equipment, maintenance and management put forward higher request, the original in vulgar management methods cannot meet the requirements of the construction site, so we must adopt a new kind of construction equipment use, maintenance and management model, whic

3、h is now the international popular management mode - fine management mode. 1精細化配置與使用1 fine configuration and use 1.1使用前的精細化匹配最優(yōu)化配置1.1 before use of fine matching, optimal configuration 對于一個建設(shè)項目,工作環(huán)境、工作內(nèi)容等千變?nèi)f化,管理人員應(yīng)該根據(jù)項目的實際工程量、施工工期、業(yè)主要求、環(huán)境條件等方面的情況,綜合考慮各種因素,設(shè)定合理安全邊際范圍,科學(xué)地編制項目的機械使用計劃,編制各種施工機械的詳細進出場時間表,

4、按照經(jīng)濟合理的原則控制好項目所需要的設(shè)備總量,最優(yōu)化匹配各型號機械設(shè)備,使設(shè)備在各個施工環(huán)節(jié)中都能有效發(fā)揮作用。For a construction project, the working environment, work content and so on, management should according to the actual quantities, construction project time limit for a project, the owner requirements, environmental conditions, such as comprehe

5、nsive consideration of various factors, set a reasonable margin of safety, project mechanical use plan scientifically, prepare detailed schedule into play all kinds of construction machinery, according to the economic and reasonable principle to control the total quantity of the good project require

6、d equipment, optimizing matching all kinds of mechanical equipment, the device can effectively play a role in every aspect in the construction. 1.2精細化管理1.2 the elaborating management 使用中,為了對機械設(shè)備實行精細化管理,需要采取一種實用的管理方法,據(jù)研究和國內(nèi)同行的經(jīng)驗,按照“定崗、定機、定責(zé)任、獎優(yōu)罰劣”的管理制度能夠起到比較好的管理效果。For mechanical equipment is in use,

7、in order to fine management, need to take a practical management methods, according to the research and the experience of the domestic counterparts, according to the create positions, set machine, responsibility, retiring management system can play a better effect. 1.2.1定崗、定機的機械保管和使用負責(zé)制1.2.1 create

8、positions, set machine mechanical storage and use of the responsibility system 所謂定崗定機是指每一臺關(guān)鍵設(shè)備的操作人員基本固定,不輕易更換。機械保管和使用負責(zé)制,就是大型機械設(shè)備實行定人、定機、機長負責(zé)制,大中型機械設(shè)備實行機長領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的分工負責(zé)制,并負責(zé)保養(yǎng)和維修,提高使用者的責(zé)任感,充分發(fā)揮其積極性,妥善保管機械,及時進行保養(yǎng)維修,保證機械正常運轉(zhuǎn)。如設(shè)備需要多班制工作,一定要選擇一個負責(zé)人當好操作人員的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),由他來對設(shè)備全權(quán)負責(zé);對于那些不能委派專職操作人員的小型設(shè)備,應(yīng)該固定在操作班組里,由班長對這些小設(shè)備負

9、責(zé),并實行班長領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的分工合作制。Create positions set machine refers to each of the key equipment operation personnel basic fixed, not easily replaced. Mechanical responsibility system of storage and use, is the large mechanical equipment, person, machine, the pilot-in-command shall assume overall responsibility fo

10、r the large and medium-sized mechanical equipment division under the leadership of the pilot-in-command shall assume overall responsibility for, and is responsible for the maintenance and repair, improve the users sense of responsibility, give full play to their enthusiasm, maintain the machine prop

11、erly and timely maintenance, guarantee the machine run properly. Need more shifts work such as equipment, be sure to select a good operators, head of the leadership, the equipment he is responsible for everything; For those who cant appoint full-time operation of small equipment, should be fixed in

12、the operation team, shall be the responsibility of the monitor of these small devices, and implement the monitor under the leadership of the division of labor cooperation. 1.2.2建立職業(yè)培訓(xùn)制度1.2.2, establish vocational training system 所有的機械設(shè)備操作都是由人來完成的, 電動單梁起重機只有高素質(zhì)的人員才能高效率地操作完成各項施工任務(wù),所以施工企業(yè)對所用機械操作人員及修理人員

13、都要進行上崗培訓(xùn),建立培訓(xùn)檔案,讓他們既要掌握實際操作技術(shù)又懂得基本的機械理論知識和機械構(gòu)造,經(jīng)培訓(xùn)考核后持證上崗。All the mechanical equipment operation is accomplished by the people, only qualified personnel can efficiently operation to complete the construction task, so the construction enterprise to machine operators and repair personnel are used to m

14、ount guard training, establish training files, let them both to grasp practical technology and know the basic knowledge of mechanical theory and mechanical structure, after the training assessment show certificates. 2施工機械的精細化維修與保養(yǎng)2 fine repair and maintenance of construction machinery 2.1機械的維護2.1 me

15、chanical maintenance 機械維護是一種延緩或避免機械發(fā)生故障的技術(shù)措施,是以清潔、緊固、潤滑、調(diào)整、防腐、故障診斷與排除為主要內(nèi)容的作業(yè)形式。機械維護及時,方法及內(nèi)容適當, 單梁起重機可以大大延長機械的使用壽命,提高機械的可靠性和利用率。Machinery maintenance is a kind of delay or avoid failure of technical measures, is the clean, tighten, lubrication, adjustment, corrosion protection, failure diagnosis and

16、 elimination as the main content of the assignment form. Mechanical maintenance in a timely manner, method and content, appropriate can greatly prolong the service life of machinery, improve the reliability of mechanical and utilization. (1)日常維護。在每一工班前后都要進行日常維護。其作業(yè)內(nèi)容包括:保證正常運轉(zhuǎn)所必要的條件、外部清潔、完全運轉(zhuǎn)的檢查、一般故障

17、的排除。(1) daily maintenance. Around each GongBan for routine maintenance. Its operations include: ensure the normal operation of the necessary conditions for full operation, external cleaning, inspection, general failure of elimination. (2)定期維護。機械經(jīng)過一定的運轉(zhuǎn)小時后,停機進行清洗、檢查、調(diào)整以及故障排除和對某些零部件進行修理和更換等。定期維護根據(jù)作業(yè)內(nèi)容

18、的不同可分為3個等級。一級維護以潤滑、正丁醇緊固為主;二級維護以檢查、調(diào)整、防腐為主;三級維護以總成解體清潔、檢查、調(diào)整、換件為主。(2) regular maintenance. Mechanical after certain operating hours downtime for cleaning, inspection, adjustment and troubleshooting and for some parts for repair and replacement, etc. Maintenance on a regular basis depending on the jo

19、b content can be divided into 3 levels. Level 1 maintenance is given priority to with lubrication, fastening; Level 2 maintenance check, adjust, anticorrosive primarily; Three-level maintenance to assembly disassembly cleaning, inspection, adjustment and change. (3)特殊維護。磨合期維護:凡新機械或經(jīng)過大修的機械,在正式使用前和磨合期

20、結(jié)束后都要進行維護。換季維護:凡冬季最低氣溫在0以下的地區(qū),在入夏和入冬前都要進行維護。停駛維護:停用的機械每周外部清潔一次,每半月?lián)u動發(fā)動機曲軸10轉(zhuǎn)以上,每月將發(fā)動機發(fā)動一次。封存維護:長期不用的機械在封存前進行一次維護,封存機械每半年發(fā)動一次并重新封存。(3) the special maintenance. Period maintenance: every new machine or after major repair of machinery, in a formal before use and after the period should be maintained. C

21、hange garments according to the maintenance: every winter, air temperature is below 0 lowest in the summer and before winter would be maintained. Offend maintenance: stop using mechanical external cleaning once a week, every half moon shake engine crankshaft turn above 10, start the engine once a mo

22、nth. Storage maintenance: long-term unused machinery before sealing a maintenance, sealed mechanical launch once every six months and seal again. 3施工設(shè)備及人員精細化管理3 fine construction equipment and personnel management 機械設(shè)備的使用者是人,對于設(shè)備的精細化管理歸根結(jié)底是對人員的管理,包括對操作人員、維修人員、機械管理人員的管理。塑料排水板要做到精細化管理,首先需要一批高素質(zhì)的操作人員、維

23、修人員和管理人員。其次需要一套切實可行的,有效的管理制度,該制度能夠充分發(fā)揮人員的積極性,做到分層管理,責(zé)任到人。管理考核目標明確,能依據(jù)考核指標拉開收入差距,獎優(yōu)罰劣,提高人員的責(zé)任心和勞動積極性,完善機械設(shè)備的管理。Mechanical equipment users are people, ultimately for equipment of fine management is the management of the staff, including operators, maintenance personnel, machinery management, personnel

24、 management. To do the elaborating management, first need to a number of highly qualified operating personnel, maintenance personnel and management personnel. You need the a set of feasible, effective management system, the system can give full play to the staffs enthusiasm, hierarchical management,

25、 responsibility to the people. Management objective is clear, can according to the income gap assessment index, - - improve the staffs sense of responsibility and work enthusiasm, improve the management of mechanical equipment. 以上是大的原則和理論,具體的管理要各個施工企業(yè)根據(jù)項目的實際情況,根據(jù)以上的大硅脂原則制定相應(yīng)實際的具體管理制度,但是,在制定管理制度的過程中,

26、以下幾點需要注意:Above is big principles and theories, specific to each construction enterprise according to the actual situation of project management, according to the above the big principle to set up the corresponding actual specific management system, however, in the management system of the process, t

27、he following points need to note: (1)由于現(xiàn)代機械設(shè)備的專業(yè)化、櫻花現(xiàn)代化水平不斷提高,管理人員的自身管理水平和知識水平也應(yīng)提高才能適應(yīng)機械有效精細化管理的需求。管理人員指設(shè)備的直接全面主管、機械機長和一般維修負責(zé)人必須進行職業(yè)化培訓(xùn)。這些培訓(xùn)應(yīng)該是不定期的,根據(jù)現(xiàn)場管理需求來安排。有些培訓(xùn)可以利用設(shè)備的代理商和廠家來進行,還可以組織以上人員到管理先進的施工企業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)取經(jīng),并進行相應(yīng)的考核,任用優(yōu)秀人員管理施工設(shè)備。有了良好的職業(yè)培訓(xùn),才能為施工企業(yè)培養(yǎng)合格的管理和使用人才,才能打好設(shè)備精細化管理的基礎(chǔ)。(1) due to the specializatio

28、n of modern machinery and equipment, modernization level enhances unceasingly, the management of their own management level and knowledge level should be improved to meet the requirement of mechanical fine management effectively. Management - refers to the comprehensive supervisor directly, mechanic

29、al pilot of equipment and general maintenance, professional training must be conducted. These irregular, training should be according to the site management needs to arrange. Some training can use equipment agents and manufacturers to carry out, also can organize more personnel to the management exp

30、eriences of learning the advanced construction enterprises, and the corresponding evaluation, good staff management of construction equipment. Has good professional training, talents for the construction enterprise to cultivate qualified management and use of talent, to play good equipment is the basis of fine management. (2)做好機械臺班記錄。機械操作手必須認真如實填寫本機的機械臺班記錄,它是正確維護保養(yǎng)機械設(shè)備的依據(jù)山東太陽能,也是機械設(shè)備建立技術(shù)檔案的原始記錄,其主要內(nèi)容有工作小時、工作量、停機小時、故障維護小時、修理換件記錄等。(2) mechanical machine-team recorded. Mechanical manipulator must carefully fill