各種二次電池性能對(duì)比

1、電池類型正極活性材料負(fù)極活性材料電池反應(yīng)理論電壓V實(shí)際電壓V理論比能量Wh/kg實(shí)際比能量Wh/kg實(shí)際比能量Wh/L能量效率/%自放電率%/monthDOD壽命初始投資￥/Wh維護(hù)成本￥/kWh*利潤(rùn)率/%*鉛酸電池PbO2PbPbO2+Pb+2H2SO42PbSO4+2H2O2.12.0252357070-75518000.7515000.7045001.00.05-54-3663鐵鎳電池NiOOHFe2NiOOH+Fe+2H2O2Ni(OH)2+Fe(OH)21.41.23143055鎘鎳電池NiOOHCd2NiOOH+Cd+2H2O2Ni(OH)2+Cd(OH)21.351.22443

2、510060-7010120002.50.05 -55鋅鎳電池NiOOHZn2NiOOH+Zn+2H2O2Ni(OH)2+Zn(OH)21.731.637260120氫鎳電池NiOOHH22NiOOH+H22Ni(OH)21.51.2434556080-8560115000.44000010 150.05-91/-94-7.6/-37金屬氫化物鎳電池NiOOHMHNiOOH+MHNi(OH)21.351.22407524055-6515-2519000.825002 4.00.05-75/-87-46/-72鋅銀電池AgOZnAgO+Zn+H2OZn(OH)2+Ag1.851.55241051

3、80鎘銀電池AgOCdAgO+Cd+H2OCd(OH)2+Ag1.41.131870120鋅溴電池Br2ZnZn+Br2ZnBr21.851.65727060鋰離子電池LiCo1-xO2LixC6LixC6+Cd+ LiCo1-xO2 LiCoO2+C64.14.141015040090-952110000.3200004.50.05 -86-20鋰二氧化錳電池MnO2LiLi+MnO2 LiMnO23.53.01001120265鋰二硫化亞鐵電池FeS2Li(Al)2Li+FeS2 Li2FeS21.731.7493180350超級(jí)電容器ACAC/2.75580-95501270.05247

4、全釩液流電池(VO2)2SO4VSO4(VO2)2SO4+2VSO4+2H2SO4V2(SO4)3+2VOSO4+2H2O1.251.2151570-805-101130005100.10 26/-30鋅溴液流電池Br2ZnZn+Br2ZnBr21.851.657230306412-15125008.0 9.50.10-83/-85鈉硫熔融電池*（維持約300）SNa2Na+3S Na2S32.12.079217034558-62/11500130005.0 7.00.10-84/-88-68/-77鈉氯化鎳熔融電池（維持約300）NiCl2Na2Na+NiCl2 2NaCl+Ni2.582.

5、6787115190*Na-S電池約有 85-90%的能量效率，但因維持高溫運(yùn)行消耗，總能效在60%左右比能量也從200 Wh/kg左右下降到90Wh/kg。*設(shè)定值，液流電池設(shè)為0.10￥/kWh，其它設(shè)定0.05￥/kWh；能量效率采用最大值。*；以電價(jià)進(jìn)出為0.15￥和0.8￥估計(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，利潤(rùn)率數(shù)值中“/”前的數(shù)值對(duì)應(yīng)初始投資范圍的低端值，“/”后的數(shù)值對(duì)應(yīng)初始投資范圍的高端值。鋰離子電池體系體系負(fù)極比容量mAh/g正極比容量mAh/g電壓V理論比能量Wh/kgC6/LiCoO2372(1.0e-)137(0.5e-)3.6360C6/LiNiO2372(1.0e-)192(0.7e-)3.5444C6/LiMn2O4372(1.0e-)148(1.0e-)3.8403C6/Li2/3Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2372(1.0e-)185(2/3e-)3.7457C6/LiFePO4372(1.0e-)170(1.0e-)3.3385Li4Ti5O12/LiMn2O4168(3.0e-)148(1.0e-)2.4189Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4168(3.0e-)170(1.0e-)1.75148Li4Ti5O12/LiNiO2168(3.0e-)192(0.7e-)3.0268(C6+Si)