專八改錯(cuò)技巧總結(jié)

1、.英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)解題思路 1. 宏觀層面分析 （1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)（理順整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，必要時(shí)檢索上下文） （2）邏輯關(guān)系（關(guān)聯(lián)詞選擇：并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、假設(shè)、讓步等） （3）時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（完成時(shí)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣是考查重點(diǎn)） 2. 微觀層面分析 （1）缺漏（介詞、代詞、引導(dǎo)詞） （2）冗余（兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、同義重復(fù)） （3）誤用（詞性、分詞、正反義、主被動(dòng)、形容詞和副詞級(jí)別） （4）一致性（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、主謂一致、先行詞） （5）詞義與固定搭配 3. 注意事項(xiàng) （1）即使按照語(yǔ)感很快找到了疑似錯(cuò)誤，也要堅(jiān)持讀完全句再做判斷，可能會(huì)有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。過于相信第一感覺而帶來的失分是劃不來的。 （2）分兩次改比較合理，因?yàn)?/p>

2、畢竟只有少數(shù)人能夠在第一遍看材料的時(shí)候就找出所有的錯(cuò)誤，盡管這些錯(cuò)誤不見得隱藏得多深。 （3）?？碱}型，高度警惕。 1 冠詞：the變a, a變the，補(bǔ)the補(bǔ)a，刪a刪the，每年都玩的把戲。 2 單復(fù)數(shù)：無(wú)非是his變their之類的，關(guān)鍵是細(xì)心。 3 近義詞：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests 4 反義詞：尤其看到dis, un, im，in，non之類的，更要琢磨一下。 5 關(guān)聯(lián)詞：幾乎是保留節(jié)目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore 6 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：見

3、了ing想ed，見了ed想ing, 就是這么賤。 7 形容詞比較級(jí)：多半是把原形改為比較級(jí)?？嫉念l率也蠻高的。 8 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：注意一下還是比較容易看出來的，多長(zhǎng)個(gè)心眼兒吧。 9 It：有時(shí)要加，有時(shí)要?jiǎng)h，有時(shí)要變itself，總之多盯“它”幾眼。 10動(dòng)詞詞組：其實(shí)主要是介詞的問題，這個(gè)沒辦法臨時(shí)抱佛腳，要靠積累.改錯(cuò)：1、改錯(cuò)雖然為主觀題，但錯(cuò)誤類型相對(duì)集中，可分為以下幾種情況：定冠詞：a, an, the誤用，甚至多出來；解決辦法：分析定冠詞的主語(yǔ)及上下文有無(wú)指代；級(jí)：分兩類錯(cuò)誤，第一種是原級(jí)用成比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)用成最高級(jí)，反之亦然。有一種除外，是兩者比較誰(shuí)最好，可以用最高級(jí)；第二種是意思相

4、反，如most改為least；連詞錯(cuò)誤：也分兩種，第一種為連詞誤用，應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折的用成了并列，比如while改為and；第二種為近義詞。在不同語(yǔ)境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合適，更合乎語(yǔ)法；（與邏輯關(guān)系也有關(guān)，看上下文，聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境）詞性錯(cuò)誤：多出現(xiàn)為形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦痹~，反之亦然；也有可能是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所說；形容詞改為動(dòng)詞或名詞等，多出現(xiàn)在一詞多性的情況下；形容詞限定錯(cuò)誤：出現(xiàn)在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1個(gè)adj.是限定第2個(gè)adj.還是限定n.；若是限定第2個(gè)adj.，大多改為副詞adv.；搭配錯(cuò)誤：多為介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤，如in so

5、me extent改為to，rely in改為on等；也有搭配詞沒有給出，需要自己添加，比如define.as；詞義錯(cuò)誤：比如：rather than改為other than；（此項(xiàng)比較難）近義形容詞錯(cuò)誤：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此項(xiàng)比較難）缺失：例如the fact 后面直接接了句子，中間缺少that，表明同位關(guān)系；多余：有的地方莫名其妙多出一個(gè)詞，多為介詞，是沒有用的；詞義相反：多出現(xiàn)在形容詞，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否定前綴；主動(dòng)被動(dòng)：分析主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

6、的邏輯關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，多出現(xiàn)在分句中；三單：主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是否為不可數(shù)名詞，是的話如何判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，還是有特殊用法；時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)用為過去式，或者進(jìn)行時(shí)用成了現(xiàn)在時(shí)等；定語(yǔ)從句用錯(cuò)先行詞：which用成了that；難點(diǎn)兒的比如：for which用成了which，要知道for which=why, in / at which=where；還有什么情況下必須用that，比如人和物搭配，序數(shù)詞，the one, the only,不缺任何成分，有否定詞，有all等；以下八大高頻考點(diǎn)的分類出自華研專八人文知識(shí)與改錯(cuò)，現(xiàn)將八大類錯(cuò)誤整理如下，主要包括：1.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤；

7、2.易混詞錯(cuò)誤；3.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤；4.代詞錯(cuò)誤（一致錯(cuò)誤）；5.冠詞錯(cuò)誤；6.形容詞和副詞使用錯(cuò)誤；7.成分殘缺或冗余；8.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 筆者認(rèn)為這八類錯(cuò)誤基本涵蓋了改錯(cuò)考試中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，首先了解錯(cuò)誤類型，對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)改錯(cuò)具有重要意義。 另外，筆者在總結(jié)華研專八人文知識(shí)與改錯(cuò)和星火專八改錯(cuò)滿分突破60篇兩本練習(xí)冊(cè)中近100篇改錯(cuò)題的基礎(chǔ)上，搜集其中出現(xiàn)的所有典型錯(cuò)誤例子（語(yǔ)法詞匯類錯(cuò)誤居多），并根據(jù)所屬錯(cuò)誤類型整理如下。（注意：帶的表示前邊的是錯(cuò)誤的，后邊的是改正之后的；其他的沒有正確錯(cuò)誤之分）1.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤 （大部分為介詞錯(cuò)誤）carry/get with things carry/ge

8、t on with things to let alone let alonein return to in return for the need of the need forsubstitute A with B substitute A for B account 70%- account for 70%under the grounds of/that on the grounds of/that attitude on life attitude towards/to lifein a quick speed at a quick speed with many respects

9、in many respectsat the face of in the face(s) of considerations to considerations forbecome victims of - become victims to ride in a train ride on a trainthe problems with the government the problems for the governmentresistive against resistive to resistance of resistance toembark sth embark on sth

10、 with the belief that in the belief thatat advance of sth in advance of sth interpret to interpret asin line to in line with to varing degrees in varing degreestake pride of take pride in leap out to me leap out at meinject them lethal strains inject them with lethal strainscharge himwiththe same pr

11、ice charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them shartage of protein among themfortify sb for sth fortify sb against sth (加強(qiáng)以抵御)shed light to sth shed light on sth in proportion with in proportion topay for it with dollars pay for it in dollars

12、 be in liberty to be at liberty tobegin at doing begin with doing be contrasted to be contrasted withcommit an offence to commit an offence against modern time modern timesability of (doing) sth ability in (doing) sth defend sth against defend sth fromat the first place in the first place pay money

13、in doing pay money for doingtake to do take to doing (“求助于，開始”，to為介詞)yearn to yearn for at average on averageidentify oneself to identify oneself with be successful on doing be successful at/in doingget ones teeth on get ones teeth into(埋頭做，認(rèn)真做)the action of formation the action of forming (of后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞

14、而非名詞)approach to do approach to doing one contributor of one contributor toconsumers demand of luxury goods consumers demand for luxury goodson ones 30s in ones 30s balk to balk at (回避，繞過)differ A from B distinguish A from B suit to sb/sth suit for sb/sthvary by vary with emphasis of emphasis on2.易混

15、詞錯(cuò)誤(1)形近異義詞imaginative imaginary adapt adopt confirm conformformer formal diary dairy personal personnelbeside besides principal principle intelligent intelligibleconscious conscientious stationary stationery considerate considerableaffect(影響) effect(致使、達(dá)成) contact contract moral moraleindustrious i

16、ndustrial desert dessert require acquire inquirepresence presentation sensible sensitive transformation transmissionvalue evaluate tense tension anything somethingcooker cook complexity(復(fù)雜性) complex(合成體) insurance assuranceprovide(提供) provided/providing(假設(shè)，如果) perceive conceiveeffective(有效的) affecti

17、ve(受影響的，由引起的)(2)形近(形異)近義詞latter later late(遲的，已故的) latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距離更遠(yuǎn)) further(程度更進(jìn)一步) healthy(健康的) healthful(有益健康的)effective efficient continual(連續(xù)的) continuous(持續(xù)不斷的)respectable respectful historic historicalrise arise raise arouse sure insure ensure assurein return to in response to oppo

18、site oppositionproducing productive lonely alone across cross impressed - impressivepermit(n.通行證) permission relating related memorizing memorablenormal(n.常態(tài),通常標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一般水平) norm(規(guī)范,行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn))favorite favorable acceptability acceptance economical economicfew little a few few little a little invent discoverbef

19、ore ago another otheragent(代理人) agency(代理機(jī)構(gòu)) reward(回饋) award(獎(jiǎng)賞)special specific(3)兼有兩種形式的副詞firstly first (firstly用于列舉條目或者表示順序，first表示時(shí)間上“第一次、首次”)hardly(幾乎不) hard(努力地) sure surely late latelyclear(完全地、徑直地) clearly(顯然、清楚地)high(高度高地) highly(程度高地、非常)close(接近地、緊密地) closely(緊密地、嚴(yán)密地) most(最) most(大部分)(4)

20、反義詞with without possible impossible subjective objectiveimport export better worse employee employeremployment unemployment modifiable unmodifiablenatural unnatural discernable indiscernable lent borrowedexclusive inclusive independency dependency willing unwillingnothing more than nothing less than

21、 agree disagreerarely frequently / often specific generalless more (still more still less) most least known unknownrespective irrespective (irrespective of表示“不管”) majority minorityresult in result from fortunately unfortunately powerful powerlesseasiness uneasiness professional amateur aware unaware

22、 include exclude(5) 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)異義moral morals(作名詞時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示“道德、倫理”)collection(不可數(shù)名詞表示“各種因素集合體”) collections(可數(shù)名詞表示“收藏品”)manner(方法,方式) manners(禮儀,禮節(jié)) saving savings(復(fù)數(shù)表示“存款”)specie(硬幣) species(種類)（species只有單數(shù)） mean(n.平均值) means(方法)(6) 易混短語(yǔ)live with(同一起生活,忍受) live by(靠過活)go about (doing) sth(開始做某事,四處走動(dòng),流傳,經(jīng)常

23、從事于) go around(四處走動(dòng),繞道走)tend to intend toin next week(以當(dāng)下時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)) in the next week(以過去的時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn))spend in doing sth spend on sth die of(內(nèi)部) die from(外部)rather than other than have sb do sth have sth donetake on(從事，開始對(duì)付，呈現(xiàn)) go on(繼續(xù)) take place take the place ofconsist in(在于) consist of(包括) in all(總共) af

24、ter all(畢竟)in return(作為報(bào)答) in turn(反過來，輪流) one reason for +短語(yǔ) one reason why +句子bring out(使顯露，使顯現(xiàn)) bring up(教育，培養(yǎng)，提出，(船)抵達(dá)目的地) be worth doing be worthwhile to do react to(對(duì)作出反應(yīng)) react with(以作出反應(yīng))apply to(將應(yīng)用于) apply for(請(qǐng)求，申請(qǐng))3.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤（連詞使用錯(cuò)誤）therefore nevertheless/however(大部分therefore都要改為however,反之亦

25、然)and but / while or and but because moreover howeverafter before since although there is no there is alsothat if from now on from then on all none besides yetif unless besides except therefore because so becauseso does he neither/nor does he thats why +結(jié)果 thats because +原因as if even if whether if4.

26、代詞錯(cuò)誤（一致錯(cuò)誤）their its that those(需要特別注意) which that (有些情況下關(guān)系代詞只能用that)which what it itself (主賓相同，賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞) that/this it (只有it可作形式主語(yǔ))his ones (泛指時(shí)用one) you yourself it they this suchXX is less sophisticated than what they are today XX is less sophisticated than they are today5.冠詞錯(cuò)誤(1)定冠詞多余on the either

27、side on either side in the Europe inEurope in the winter in winter (季節(jié)前不加定冠詞)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位語(yǔ)間完全對(duì)等關(guān)系，不必使用冠詞)take the issue take issue(對(duì)持異議，不同意)(2)定冠詞缺漏among most among the most one of first one of the firstatmosphere the atmosphere(表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事

28、物)（另外還有如：the Equator, the Outerspace）between us and rest between us and the restin minority in the minority around floor around the floorpiano the piano (西洋樂器的前面要有定冠詞)English language the English language at heart of at the heart ofworld the world(表示“地球”這種獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物要加定冠詞)in long run in the long run(3)定

29、冠詞與不定冠詞之間的誤用illustrate the further difference illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及)注意以下短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別in church in the churchat college at the college in court in the court in hospital in the hospital in office in the officein prison in the prison at sea at the sea in school in the school at table

30、at the table6.形容詞與副詞使用錯(cuò)誤have been currently current be well equipped as be as well equipped asheavy industrialized heavily-industrializedspread colossal spread colossally similar strong similarly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted feel

31、 hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes culturally embedded attitudesas much as as often asfrom one meter afar from one meter away increa

32、sing increasinglysimple simply pure purely much many many more large largerearly earlier7.成分殘缺或多余(單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤)a world which I could get a world in which I could getshows that shows (先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略)take for granted that take it for grated that1980 1980sone of the most glaring form one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest their jobs engage th