英漢對(duì)比例句

1、綜合 vs分析She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.她心地厚道，為人樂(lè)觀，性情溫柔，待人和藹，器量又大。I regret not having taken her advice.我后悔沒(méi)有聽(tīng)她的勸告。The book is said to have been translated into many languages.據(jù)說(shuō)此書(shū)已譯成多種語(yǔ)言。A pair of black eyes might have done some execution had they been placed

2、 in a smoother face.一對(duì)烏溜溜的眼睛如果長(zhǎng)在一付再細(xì)靜些的面龐上，就足以迷人了。Not a finger did I lay on him. 我從沒(méi)有指責(zé)過(guò)他。He had to quit the position and went in exile, having been deprived of his power.他被剝奪了權(quán)力之后，只好離職，流落他鄉(xiāng)。 Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certai

3、n important elements are missing. 如今人們知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含有任何有害的物質(zhì)，也會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的疾病。Peter drew his knife on the robber. 彼得拔刀向那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜砍去。Ia a man couldnt walk into a room and tell who was for him and who was agaist him, then he wasnt much of a politician.要是一個(gè)人不能一上任就看出誰(shuí)支持他，誰(shuí)反對(duì)他，那他就不配搞政治。Only after I had hea

4、rd his explanations did I understand what it was all about. 聽(tīng)了他的解釋?zhuān)也胖朗窃趺椿厥??；疖?chē)未停，請(qǐng)勿開(kāi)門(mén)。Dont open the door until the train stops.Dont count your chicken before they are hatched.雞蛋未孵，勿先數(shù)雛。喝水不忘掘井人。When you drink water, think of those who dug the well.無(wú)事不登三寶殿。I wouldnt come to you if I hadnt something t

5、o ask of you. 漢語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣助詞：他早來(lái)啦?。ù_定）Why, hes been here a long time. 她真來(lái)啦?（疑問(wèn)）Has she really come?今天不會(huì)下雨吧？（揣測(cè)）It isnt going to rain today, is it?你好好想想吧?。ㄌ嶙h）Just think it over.明天就明天吧。（認(rèn)可）All right, lets make it tomorrow.快來(lái)呀?。ㄕ?qǐng)求）Come here, quick!他的話(huà)說(shuō)得對(duì)呀！（說(shuō)服）What he said is right. 多好的天兒??！What a fine day!你可要

6、小心?。。▏诟溃〥o be careful.這也不能怪他，頭一回嘛！Hes not to blame. After all, it was the first time hed done it. 你不會(huì)騎車(chē)就學(xué)唄。（當(dāng)然）You cant ride a bike? Well, learn to.遠(yuǎn)得很，有好幾千里地呢。（確認(rèn)）Its a long way off - thousands of li away. 加油干哪！（催促）Speed up! (Come on!)聚集（compact）vs 流散（diffusive）Every language has its peculiarities;

7、 they are established by usage, and whether right or wrong, they must be complied with.每種語(yǔ)言都有特點(diǎn)，這些特點(diǎn)是在習(xí)慣中形成的，不論正確與否，都得遵守。Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.這種待遇是我所未曾醫(yī)療到的，因?yàn)檫^(guò)去我從未有過(guò)恩主。Never was night so still; never was a sky so deeply blue, nor stars so bright and serene

8、.夜從無(wú)如此沉寂，天無(wú)從如此深藍(lán)，星亦從無(wú)如此明亮。Two thousand dollars is more than he can afford.兩千元美金他可付不起。文章翻譯完了。The article has been translated.這姑娘長(zhǎng)得漂亮，鵝蛋臉型，兩眼又深又黑，披著又長(zhǎng)又密的頭發(fā)。She is a pretty girl with an oval face, deep dark eyes and long heavy clinging tresses. 按照表意功能及表達(dá)形式，漢語(yǔ)句型大體可以分為九大類(lèi)：1. 話(huà)題句：話(huà)題語(yǔ)+評(píng)論語(yǔ)開(kāi)車(chē)他沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 He is ine

9、xperienced in driving.婚姻的事我自己作主。As for my marriage, Ill make my own decision.這艘船是中國(guó)制造的。This ship was built in China.2. 施事句：施事語(yǔ)+動(dòng)作語(yǔ)他在學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)車(chē)。He is learning how to drive.他點(diǎn)頭表示同意。She nodded her agreement.雨水促使雜草生長(zhǎng)。The rain caused the weeds to grow.3. 關(guān)系句：表達(dá)各種關(guān)系的復(fù)句如處理得當(dāng)，問(wèn)題不難解決。The problem will not be diffic

10、ult to solve, if properly handled.只要虛心，就會(huì)進(jìn)步。Provided you are modest, youll surely make progress.4. 呼嘆句：交談中相互呼喚、應(yīng)對(duì)或感嘆的句子。 是呀，他車(chē)開(kāi)得真好！Yes, he is an excellent driver.看她多有精神！Look how energetic she is!5. 祈使句：表達(dá)要求、命令或請(qǐng)求的句子。請(qǐng)勿酒后開(kāi)車(chē)。Please dont drink and drive.不要總以為自己對(duì)。Dont think you are always right.6. 存現(xiàn)句：表

11、示人或事物存在或消失的句子。黑暗中來(lái)了一部車(chē)子。A car is coming in the dark.前面是一片稻田。There is a stretch of rice fields ahead. 7. 有無(wú)句：領(lǐng)有者+（沒(méi)）有+被領(lǐng)有者他有兩部小車(chē)。He has two cars.她有熱情，有朝氣。She is full of vigor and enthusiasm.此事有百利而無(wú)一弊。It has every advantage and no disadvantage.8. 描寫(xiě)句：主題語(yǔ)+描寫(xiě)語(yǔ)（形容詞）這部小車(chē)很新。This car is brand-new.房間干干凈凈。The

12、 room is neat and tidy.這東西又便宜又好。It is cheap but good.9. 說(shuō)明句：主題語(yǔ)+說(shuō)明語(yǔ)（名詞）今天星期日。Today is Sunday.我上海人。Im from Shanghai.這箱子八十磅。This box weighs eighty pounds.河面大小船只泊定后，莫不點(diǎn)了小小的油燈，拉了蓬。各個(gè)船上皆在后艙燒了火，用鐵鼎罐煮飯，飯燜熟后，又換鍋?zhàn)影居?，嘩的把蔬菜倒進(jìn)熱鍋里去。一切齊全了，個(gè)人蹲在艙板上三碗五碗把腹中填滿(mǎn)后，天已夜了。（沈從文鴨巢圍的夜）After the boats large and small had moored

13、, all lit tiny oil lamps and fixed up mat canopies. Rice was boiled in iron cauldrons over fires in the stern, and once this was cooked the vegetables were fried in another pan of sizzling oil. When the meal was ready, everyone aboard could wolf down three of five bowls. By then it was dark. (by Gla

14、dys Yang)形合 vs 意合（因?yàn)椋┧焕蠈?shí)，我不能信任她。Because she is not honest, I cant trust her.人不犯我，我不犯人。We will not attack unless we are attacked.說(shuō)是說(shuō)了，沒(méi)有結(jié)果。Ive made proposals, but they prove futile.他不來(lái)，我不去。If he wont come here, Ill not go there. 種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。As you sow, so will you reap.有飯大家吃。Let everybody shares the f

15、ood if there is any.上梁不正下梁歪。If the upper beam is not straight, the lower ones will go aslant. When those above behave unworthily, those below will do the same. 不進(jìn)則退He who does not advance falls backward. / Move forward, or youll fall behind. 物極必反Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the oppos

16、ite direction is inevitable.玩火自焚Whoever plays with fire will perish by fire.欲蓋彌彰The more one tries to hide, the more one is exposed.近交遠(yuǎn)攻Befriend those far away while attacking those nearby. 繁復(fù)（complex） vs 簡(jiǎn)短（simplex）There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I

17、 met.我訪問(wèn)了一些地方，遇到了不少人。要談起來(lái)，奇妙的事兒可多著哩。Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me?我有一個(gè)問(wèn)題弄不懂，想請(qǐng)教你，你能回答嗎？The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.因?yàn)榫嚯x遠(yuǎn)，又缺乏交通工具，農(nóng)村社會(huì)是與外界隔絕的。這種

18、隔絕狀態(tài)，由于通訊工具不足，就變得更加嚴(yán)重了。物稱(chēng) vs 人稱(chēng)A strange peace came over her when she was alone.她獨(dú)處時(shí)便感到一種特殊的安寧。北京目睹過(guò)許多偉大的歷史事件。Beijing has witnessed many great historical events.一看到那棵大樹(shù)，我便想起了童年的情景。The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood.小梅心地善良，性情溫和，對(duì)她的朋友這種沒(méi)有心肝的行為，實(shí)在看不下去。Xiaomeis kindly and gentle

19、 nature could not but revolt at her friends callous behavior.It is in the hour of trial that a man finds his true profession.人總是在面臨考驗(yàn)的關(guān)頭，才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)。It is a good horse that never stumbles.人有失誤，馬有失蹄。One must be a servant before one can be a master.要當(dāng)主人，先當(dāng)仆人。發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤，一定要改正。Wrongs must be righted when they a

20、re discovered.看書(shū)看果實(shí)，看人看作為。A tree is known by its fruit, and a man is known by his actions. 被動(dòng) vs 主動(dòng)At the tea party only tea and cake were served.茶會(huì)上只供應(yīng)茶和餅。莊稼讓大水沖跑了。The crops were washed away by the flood.這家工廠在地震中遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。This factory was seriously damaged during the earthquake.John actually loved Mar

21、y and was loved in return.約翰真的愛(ài)瑪麗，而瑪麗也愛(ài)約翰。Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.人的思想形成了語(yǔ)言，而語(yǔ)言又影響了人的思想。昨晚我蓋了兩條被子。Last night I was covered up with two quilts.這鍋飯能吃十個(gè)人。A pot of rice like this can feed ten people.困難克服了，工作完成了，問(wèn)題也解決了。The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finish

22、ed and the problem solved.為什么總把這些麻煩事推給我呢？Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?眾所周知，中國(guó)人在四千年前就發(fā)明了指南針。It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.這個(gè)問(wèn)題將在下一章加以討論。This question will be discussed in the next chapter.靜態(tài) vs 動(dòng)態(tài)I used to be a bit of a fancie

23、r myself.過(guò)去我也常常有點(diǎn)喜歡胡思亂想。That boy is a master complicator.那男孩可真會(huì)搗亂。Since he lost his job, hes been a loner.他失業(yè)以后，就很不合群了。He has someone behind him.有人給他撐腰。The machine is in operation.機(jī)器正在運(yùn)行。Is this train for Chicago?這趟火車(chē)是開(kāi)往芝加哥的嗎？With these words she went away.說(shuō)完這些話(huà)，她便走開(kāi)了。I am doubtful whether he is still alive.我懷疑他是否還活著。說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子們過(guò)得十分愉快。Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time.抽象 vs 具體What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties.那時(shí)他們最渴望的就是結(jié)束這搖擺不定的局面。The sight of his native place called back his childhood.見(jiàn)到自己的故鄉(xiāng)，他想起了童年的情景。He s