高考英語(yǔ)完形填空解題指導(dǎo) 記敘文突破

1、記敘文突破 記敘文體裁主要是記人、敘事、寫景、狀物一類的文章，具體地說(shuō)，它是借助敘述、描寫、抒情等手段記敘社會(huì)生活中的人、事、景、物的情態(tài)及其發(fā)展過(guò)程，用以表現(xiàn)作者的思想，抒發(fā)作者某種情感的文章形式。近幾年的高考完形填空題中的記敘文主要以敘事、記人為主，如幽默故事、童話故事、歷史故事、人物傳記和新聞報(bào)道等。 記敘文是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀材料中最常見(jiàn)的文體，其語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)有： 1、以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主，其他時(shí)態(tài)為輔。合理使用豐富多彩的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，而這種復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài)特征在漢語(yǔ)記敘文中是根本沒(méi)有的。正是有了動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化，才使英語(yǔ)文章中所敘述的動(dòng)作有了層次感和立體感。 2、廣泛使用動(dòng)詞，特別是動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由于這些動(dòng)詞

2、的存在，文章就會(huì)充滿“動(dòng)感”，而這種讓往事歷歷在目的“動(dòng)感”正是優(yōu)秀的記敘文所要追求的。 3、適當(dāng)運(yùn)用直接引語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)的使用可以代替間接的主觀敘述，簡(jiǎn)潔、生動(dòng)地表達(dá)出事件發(fā)展的過(guò)程和各種人物的心理活動(dòng)，充分展示人物的獨(dú)特個(gè)性和人物之間的相互關(guān)系。 解答記敘文體的完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)著重把握以下幾點(diǎn)： 1、了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。通常為了敘述方便，作者會(huì)按時(shí)間先后順序或空間順序等方式來(lái)安排情節(jié)和內(nèi)容。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是條理清楚，層次分明。讀者也較容易理解和接受。但是有時(shí)為了突出某個(gè)情節(jié)或?yàn)榱嗽黾娱喿x趣味，或?yàn)榱似渌康?，作者可能?huì)采用插敘，甚至倒敘的寫作手法。弄清了文章篇章信息的分布情況，有助于抓住文章的主線，理

3、清文章的脈絡(luò)。 2、明確作者的寫作目的。就事論事肯定不是記敘的目的，而通過(guò)敘述闡明一個(gè)道理，同是作者必須考慮的。只有心中有了目的，在情節(jié)選擇和細(xì)節(jié)描寫上才會(huì)作出合理的安排。明晰了寫作目的，就能抓住文章的主題。 3、知曉文章所記敘的幾大要素。為了使讀者清楚地了解一件事的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)局，作者就有必要在記敘文中將事件、人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因(why)和結(jié)果等要素講清楚。這六個(gè)要素是記敘文的基本組成部分，一般不能缺少。弄清了這六個(gè)要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。 4、弄清文章是以第幾人稱的視角展開(kāi)記敘的。通常英語(yǔ)記敘文展開(kāi)記敘的視角有兩個(gè)： 第一人稱和第三人稱。用第一人稱就是從“參與者”的角度進(jìn)行記敘

4、，讀者可從字里行間感受到作者親切的態(tài)度和深厚的感情。用第三人稱就是以“觀察者”的身份展開(kāi)敘述，作者的語(yǔ)氣客觀，與讀者保持著一定的距離，讀者的注意力更多集中在故事本身。了解了作者的寫作角度有助于我們走進(jìn)作者的思維，深入理解文章的意義。 請(qǐng)看下面的例題： （一） As she waited at the edge of the ice for her music to start,. Peggy took a quick look at her father standing nearby with a group of parents and teachers. He smiled at her

5、. Then she 1._ out at the audience, 2._ to see her mother. These two, Alvert and Doris Flemint, had 3._ all the way from California more than 2,000 miles away, to see their 4._ compete in this sports meet in Cleveland, Ohio. The music 5._ and Peggy moved onto the ice, letting the music 6._ her along

6、 into her turns, and she began skating with much 7._ in herself. The cold fear she always had in the 8._ seconds before skating onto the ice was 9._. She was feeling the movement of the 10._ and letting it carry her. She skated easily, 11._ did some jumps, a final turn and her performance was 12._.

7、The crowd loved it and cheered 13._ she skated off the ice. “Nice job,” said one of the other 14._. It was the remark that 15._ came after a free-skating performance. But what should the 16._ say? Standing beside her father, Peggy 17._ for the scoring to be finished. On all sides were other young sk

8、aters, some waiting 18._ alone, others with a parent. Shortly before 10 oclock the results were 19._. The new United States Womens Figure Skating Champion was Peggy Fleming of Passdena, 20._. 1.A.looked B. watched C. found D. stepped 2.A.failing B. looking forward C. wanting D. hoping 3.A.bicycled B

9、. driven C. run D. walked 4.A.friend B. children C. son D. daughter 5.A.started B. played C. developed D. sang 6.A.allow B. set out C. carry D. support 7.A.thought B. belief C. success D. design 8.A.following B. last C. recent D. past 9.A.lost B. present C. strong D. gone 10.A.music B. fear C. ice D

10、. audiences 11.A.so B. or C. before D. then 12.A.satisfied B. unsatisfactory C. finished D. welcome 13.A.because B. until C. before D. as 14.A.skaters B. parents C. judges D. parents 15.A.always B. seldom C. again D. hardly 16.A players B. audience C. judges D. parents 17.A.waited B. looked C. wishe

11、d D. asked 18.A.comfortably B. hurriedly C. happily D. anxiously 19.A.cried out B. let out C. announced D. declared 20.A.England B. Cleveland C. Ohio D. California 內(nèi)容概要:本文敘述了一個(gè)加利弗利亞的小女孩參加滑冰的比賽的經(jīng)過(guò),從緊張到放松, 最后取得了勝利。 答案簡(jiǎn)析: 1、選A。從后面的狀語(yǔ)to see her mother中可以得到啟發(fā)。 2、選D。四處張望的目的就是“希望”見(jiàn)到她母親。want一般沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在分詞形式，look

12、forward to 中的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，故B、C不能選用。 3、選B。根據(jù)常識(shí)可以排除另三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。 4、選D。Peggy是女孩，故為女兒。 5、選A。音樂(lè)響起。首句已呈現(xiàn)過(guò)該說(shuō)法，另play在此系及物動(dòng)詞，形式不對(duì)。 6、選C。下文中有and letting it carry her 這樣類似用法。 7、選B。從其后面的狀態(tài)來(lái)看，Peggy心中充滿了自信。 8、選B。表示進(jìn)入溜冰場(chǎng)之前的最后幾秒鐘。該空可以根據(jù)常識(shí)和行文邏輯選定。 9、選D。表示自然消失而不是人為丟失，應(yīng)該用gone，而不用lost。 10、選A。見(jiàn)第二節(jié)第一句。 11、選D。then表示時(shí)間上的順承。 1

13、2、選C。憑語(yǔ)感選定。 13、選D。as表示“當(dāng)?shù)耐瑫r(shí)”。因?yàn)楸硌萃昝?，所以謝幕時(shí)人們歡呼。 14、選A。the other 后總是接同類名詞，故此處選skaters。 。根據(jù)常識(shí)，自由滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員退場(chǎng)時(shí)，觀眾總是會(huì)歡呼的。A、選1516、選C。選手關(guān)注的，除了觀眾，就是“裁判”了。 17、選A。第18空前再現(xiàn)了這一說(shuō)法。 18、選D。等分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)的心情應(yīng)是焦急的,故用anxiously。 19、選C。結(jié)果的宣布一般用announce。而戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、罪行等重大事件的宣布則多用declare。 20、選D。上文中提到了父母親從加利弗利亞開(kāi)車過(guò)來(lái),所以Peggy可能來(lái)自California。 （二） Two

14、men on a touring holiday were injured by an explosion in their motor van(面包車) yesterday. Shoppers, traders and businessmen in Red Lion Street were 1._ by a loud bang, and seconds later the two men jumped over from the van, which had stopped outside Barclays Bank. Several people rushed to give 2._ an

15、d helped to put out the fire 3._ the van. A light American truck changed the 4._ to provide living accommodation room（躺的地方）, 5._ firemen arrived. The men, Mr.Cary House, who was driving, and his 6._ Mr. Charlie Lynnwere taken to hospital with slight 7._. They were allowed to leave after 8._. “I hear

16、d this explosion. It was 9._ loud. I thought it could have been a(n) 10._.” said Mr. Leslie Webster, manager of the market, who was working in his office in Red Lion Street. “I looked out of the window and saw this lad jump from the van and 11._ on the ground. Then another lad came out of the van. H

17、e seemed to be in a 12._ state-parts of his trousers were hanging below his knees.” “I came downstairs to get a fire extinguisher (滅火器), but 13._ the time I got outside someone from the bank was in the 14._ with an extinguisher.” Mr. Webster said both men were shocked. One was taken into the markets

18、 office to wait for a(n) 15._. “The second man 16._ going back into the van to see if everything was 17._, and five minutes later he came out with a drawer that was blazing (burning).” he added. 18._ inside the van was mainly superficial(表面的), 19._ a plastic window was blown out. The two men have sp

19、ent the last six months 20._. At the time of the incident their wives were shopping in the city. 1.A.disappointed B. excited C. frightened D. shocked 2.A.call B. warning C. report D. assistance 3.A.inside B. outside C. around D. towards 4.A.plan B mind C. direction D. nature 5.A.after B. before C. w

20、hen D. until 6.A.wife B. passenger C. visitor D. guest 7.A.wounds B. sickness C. burns D. hurts 8.A.operation B. treatment C. recovery(復(fù)原) D. examination 9.A.much B. pretty C. usually D. actually 10.A.bomb B. fire C. truck D. accident 11.A.lie B. die C. roll D. fall 12.A.good B. poor C. easier D. wo

21、rse 13.A.at B. for C. after D. by 14.A.van B. office C. market D. room 15.A.rescue B. doctor C. firefighter D. ambulance (救護(hù)車) D. gave up C. cared for B. insisted on 16.A.kept on 17.A.in order B. in all C. all right D. all over 18.A.Equipment B. Suffering C. Damage D. Condition 19.A.although B. sinc

22、e C. because D. so that 20.A.touring B. repairing C. moving D. cleaning 內(nèi)容概要：文章講述了兩個(gè)人在旅行中，車子發(fā)生了事故，引起了火災(zāi)。具體描述了救人救火的場(chǎng)面。 答案簡(jiǎn)析： 1、選D。因?yàn)榫薮蟮谋暿峭蝗缙鋪?lái)的，所以街上的人感到“震驚”。 2、選D。give assistance意思是offer help，根據(jù)空格后的help 不難選定。 3、選A?；饝?yīng)該是車內(nèi)的爆炸產(chǎn)生的，所以用inside。 4、選C。上面提到了眾人的幫助，所以此刻一輛卡車也改變了“方向”，以便為他們提供一些方便。卡車是無(wú)生命的事物，故不能選用另三

23、個(gè)選項(xiàng)。 5、選B?？ㄜ嚰尤刖戎鷷r(shí)，消防隊(duì)員顯然還沒(méi)有到。 6、選B。passenger是“乘客”，而guest是“客人”在車上的人應(yīng)是乘客。 7、選C。因?yàn)榛鹨鸬?，所以是灼傷“burn”。 8、選B。因?yàn)閭容^輕微，所以經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)單“治療”后可以離開(kāi)醫(yī)院。 9、選B。pretty在此處為副詞，相當(dāng)于very。從前面的a loud bang和人們紛紛循聲涌向面包車來(lái)看，爆炸聲“很”大。 10、選A。事故是肯定的，不必猜測(cè)，根據(jù)巨大的響聲，猜測(cè)發(fā)生了爆炸應(yīng)是合理的。 11、選C。在地上“滾”是為了撲滅身上的火。 12、選D。下面提到褲子燒掉了一截，所以情況好像比前一位更糟糕一些。 13、選D。by

24、the time意為“到時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂薄暮竺嬉延腥藬y帶滅火器到了車上，可以得出該答案。 14、選A?；鹬饕谲噧?nèi)燃燒，故救火人到了“車”內(nèi)。 15、選D。受傷的人等“救護(hù)車”救護(hù)，合乎常情。 16、選B。A、D不符合事實(shí)，C不合乎詞的用法。 17、選C。all right相當(dāng)與OK。進(jìn)入車內(nèi)的目的應(yīng)該是為了看看物品是否損壞。 18、選C。由superficial 和 plastic window 可以想到此處指車子部件的“損壞”情況。 19、選A。前后意義相反。 20、選A。與文章首句相呼應(yīng)。 （三） When dawn came, they realized that the boat was

25、 blocked in ice. The captain had 1_ asleep but the rest of the crew hurriedly woke him. He took a small axe(斧), and 2_great care, so as to 3_ a hole in the ice on the deck（甲板）, he began to knock. From time to time a wave burst over the boat and swept over him but he kept working for ten minutes 4_ t

26、he others looked on 5_. By this time he was 6_ cold that he could no longer trust what he was doing. Each member of the crew took it in 7_ to cut the ice away as long as he could 8_it. First, they had to knock off enough ice to get down on their 9_. Standing on that rolling deck meant 10_, because a

27、 man who had fallen into the sea could not have been rescued. Then the captain discovered that ice was forming inside the cabin(船艙). He called 11_ one of the crew and together they managed to get the stove alight, hoping that it would 12 _enough heat to warm the cabin above 13_ point. Unless the ice

28、 in the bottom could be melted enough so that the 14_ could be raised, they were in 15_. It took an hours 16_ before the boat began to float better. But by this time they had succeeded in 17_ most of the ice. Throughout the afternoon, the coating of ice began to build up again 18_ their work. In the

29、 face of this danger, Captain Slater 19_ the crew to clear the ice so that the boat would 20_ until the next morning. Then they settled down to wait for anther day. 1.A.gone B. fallen C. become D. grown 2.A.at B. for C. with D. by 3.A.make B. drill C. dig D. fill 4.A.until B. before C. after D. whil

30、e 5.A.excitedly B. anxiously C. happily D. strangely 6.A.too B. so C. as D. very 7.A.surprise B. time C. trouble D. turn 8.A.support B. help C. bear D. put up 9.A.knees B. legs C. feet D. arms 10.A.life B. pain C. damage D. death 11.A.to B. on C. up D. at 12.A.get out B. give off C. get over D. give

31、 in 13.A.boiling B. marking C. freezing D. melting 14.A.boat B. deck C. sail D. back 15.A.ruins B. excitement C. danger D. surprise 16.A.delay B. work C. break D. play 17.A.piling B. getting C. freezing D. removing 18.A.whichever B. though C. as long as D. in spite of 19.A.demanded B. made C. ordere

32、d D. agreed 20.A.sink B. live C. float D. flow 內(nèi)容概要：本文描述了一艘船在寒冷的天氣中，遭遇到了冰凍，但在船長(zhǎng)和船員的共同努力下，最終脫離了險(xiǎn)境。 答案簡(jiǎn)析： 1、選B。需要船員們?nèi)ソ行眩f(shuō)明“睡著了”。 2、選C。with great care 意為“細(xì)心地”，系固定搭配，在此作狀語(yǔ)。 3、選A。make a hole“弄一個(gè)洞”，意思較為籠統(tǒng)。drill暗指用鉆去鉆，dig暗指用鍬去挖，而船長(zhǎng)用的工具卻是斧頭，故B、C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該舍去。 4、選D。在輪流干之前，只是船長(zhǎng)一人在干，船長(zhǎng)干時(shí)，大家只是在一旁注視著。 5、選B。因?yàn)榍闆r比較危急，所

33、以大家觀望時(shí)心情一定很焦慮。 6、選B。前后有因果關(guān)系。 7、選D。由each member推知，眾船員“依次”干了起來(lái)。 8、選C。bear意為“忍受”,表明大家在盡全力干，能干多長(zhǎng)就干多長(zhǎng)。put up 后加上with ,也可作“忍受”講。 9、選A。因?yàn)檎局票形ｋU(xiǎn)，所以設(shè)法“跪下”。從詞語(yǔ)搭配關(guān)系中也能得到一點(diǎn)啟發(fā)。 10、選D。掉下大海無(wú)法營(yíng)救，所以站在很滑的甲板上某種程度上就意味著“死亡”。 11、選A。call to sb大聲叫某人，call on拜訪（某人），call up打電話，call at 合乎語(yǔ)境。call to ，四個(gè)詞組中只有拜訪（某地）12、選B。點(diǎn)上爐子是為了

34、讓爐子“散發(fā)”熱量，保持船艙暖和。 13、選C。為使船艙不結(jié)冰，就要使其溫度保持在“冰點(diǎn)”之上。 14、選A。冰融化后，可使船的重量減輕，使船體上浮。 15、選C。如果冰不清除，船就會(huì)不斷下沉，那就肯定“危險(xiǎn)”了。 16、選B。船上浮是在船員們一小時(shí)的辛勞之后得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 17、選D。remove“去除”，等于take away。 18、選D。in spite of 意為“不管、盡管”，表示讓步關(guān)系。 19、選C。另三個(gè)詞不能按sb to do。 20、選C。float意為“漂浮”，清除冰的目的顯然是為了不使船下沉。 （四） Kate said “Hello” to Mr Patel as s

35、he entered. She picked up a wire basket and walked towards the back of the store 1_ the rice was kept. The room was quite large and divided by three long aisles(過(guò)道), with rows of shelves full of 2_. Besides her and Patel there were only two boys in the store. They were both wearing 3_ overcoats. The

36、y looked rather 4_ because the overcoats were too big for them. “5_”, she heard one of them whisper to 6_. She walked on to the next aisle and found the 7_ she was looking for. Then she heard something else. It 8_ like a box dropping on the floor. She looked through the small open space 9_ goods on

37、the shelf and saw one of the boys picking up a box. But 10_ putting it in the basket, he dropped 11_into the inside pocket of his overcoat. Kate looked back and 12_ see Mr Patel at the door checking through a list. Then she looked through the 13_ in the shelf again. The boys still had their backs to

38、 her. They were putting something 14_into their inside pockets and then one of them said, “Lets get out of here.” They moved away from her. When she got to the door the two boys were 15_ her. She watched them 16_ for the few lings in their 17_. They had both 18_ their overcoats. Mr Patel did not see

39、m to know what they had done. He even 19_ at them as they were about to 20_. Now Kate decided to stop them. 1.A.which B. that C. there D. where 2.A.books B. baskets C. goods D. magazines 3.A.dirty B. long C. grey D. tight 4.A.strange B. young C. nervous D. excited 5.A.Look up B. Listen to me C. Watc

40、h out D. Put it down 6.A.him B. her C. the boy D. the other 7.A.book B. rice C. bag D. magazine 8.A.looked B. heard C. showed D. sounded 9.A.between B. of C. around D. at 10.A.instead of B. before C. without D. as if 11.A.something B. it C. one D. that 12.A.would B. should C. might D. could 13.A.spo

41、t B. space C. goods D. books 14.A.important B. new C. else D. extra 15.A.looking at B. talking to C. in front of D. behind 16.A.paying B. looking C. asking D. reaching D. basket C. box B. pockets 17.A.hands 18.A.thrown out B. put on C. buttoned D. hidden 19.A.shouted B. smiled C. looked D. laughed 2

42、0.A.leave B. pay C. speak D. apologize （1999年廣東夏季高考題） 內(nèi)容概要：本文講述了Kate去商店買米時(shí)，無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)穿著長(zhǎng)大衣的小孩在商店里偷東西，最后她決定制止他們的行為。 答案簡(jiǎn)析： 1、選D。空格后的部分是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。 2、選C。超市里架子上放的自然是“貨物”了。 3、選B。從下文得知，他們準(zhǔn)備偷東西，所以穿“長(zhǎng)”大衣來(lái)做掩護(hù)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有l(wèi)ong 與后面提到的too big 有點(diǎn)關(guān)系。 4、選A。大衣長(zhǎng)而大，穿在小孩子身上自然就覺(jué)得古怪。young, nervous, excited與strange之間沒(méi)有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。 5、選C

43、。畢竟是做賊的，所以提醒另一人要“當(dāng)心”。 6、選D。共兩個(gè)小孩，故另一個(gè)用the other。 7、選B。開(kāi)頭已暗示Kate是來(lái)買米的。 8、選D。it指前面聽(tīng)到的聲音，這種聲音“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”像。 9、選A。貨物之間有空隙，Kate正好可以看過(guò)去。 10、選A。按理小孩應(yīng)把選中的東西放進(jìn)購(gòu)物籃中，但他們沒(méi)有，故用instead of。 11、選B。it 指前面已提到過(guò)的box。 12、選D。could表示可能性。 13、選B。第9空前的動(dòng)作再次重復(fù)了一遍。 14、選C。這時(shí)放入袋中的顯然不是前面提到過(guò)的box，而是“其他”什么東西。 15、選C。她看著他們，說(shuō)明他們就在她面前。 16、選D。購(gòu)物

44、籃中的物品兩個(gè)小孩是準(zhǔn)備付款的。 17、選D。付款的東西自然是放在購(gòu)物籃中的。 18、選C。大衣的鈕子鈕得整整齊齊，因?yàn)槔锩娌赜袞|西，此處button是動(dòng)詞。 19、選B。由even所表示的語(yǔ)氣可以推知。 20、選A。根據(jù)行文邏輯不難選定。 （五） Bob and Annie had not known each other long before they became eager to get married:Bob because he wanted Annie and she because she could at least lead a life away from her1_.

45、 When Mrs.Thompson 2_ that they marry and live with her until they could get a 3 _ of their own, Annie hesitated. Her idea of 4_ had been something which 5 _her a husband and an orderly, well-furnished home all at once. 6_ she soon saw the 7_ of this arrangement. She would, first of all, 8_ from her

46、 present life into a house which was quiet and well run, not 9_ her own; and she would be able to go on walking so that she and Bob could 10_ up all the more quickly for their own house. She would also get Bob, a good enough husband for any working-class 11_:good-natured and 12_ to be bent her way w

47、henever it was 13 _for her ends. Things went well until her mother-in-laws 14_, when Annie had to give up her 15_ and was at home all day. Her father-in-law became just a 16_ figure in the house and 17_Bob became used to him, Annie began to find the old mans constant 18_in the house ). 煩惱a source of

48、 growing annoyance( “He gets on my nerves, Bob,” she said. “And he hardly says a word all day.” “Well, I suppose he has a 19_ to do as he likes,” Bob said mildly. “Its his house not ours.” But to Annie, now looking after the house 20_ it were her own, it was beginning to seem the other way about. 1.

49、A.city B. family C. room D. company 2.A.learned B. thought C. heard D. suggested 3.A.stay B. child C. house D. world 4.A.marriage B. life C. future D. expectation 5.A.give B. found C. brought D. searched 6.A.But B. So C. Instead D. Besides 7.A.difficulty B. advantage C. trouble D. result 8.A.leave B. make C. change D. escape 9.A.of B. on C. lik