英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作.ppt

1、應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作,英語(yǔ)書(shū)信的結(jié)構(gòu)：,英文書(shū)信通常包括6個(gè)組成部分： 信頭（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期); 信內(nèi)地址（inside address，指收信人地址); 稱呼（salutation）; 正文（body）; 結(jié)束語(yǔ)（complimentary）; 簽名（signature）; 有時(shí)候還包括附言（postscript）和 附件（attachment）。 在考試中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在書(shū)信中包 括稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和簽名四個(gè)部分。,1. 信頭（Heading） 信頭是指發(fā)信人的地址和日期，通常寫(xiě)在第一頁(yè) 的右上角。行首可以齊頭寫(xiě)，也可以逐行縮進(jìn)寫(xiě)。 地址的書(shū)寫(xiě)順序由小到大：門(mén)牌號(hào)

2、、街道、城市、 ?。ㄖ荩?、郵編、國(guó)名，最后寫(xiě)發(fā)信日期。私人信 件一般只寫(xiě)寄信日期即可。例如： 123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Province P. R. C. March 15, 2002,發(fā)信日期的寫(xiě)法： 年份完全寫(xiě)出，不能簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)。 月份用英文，不要用數(shù)字代替。多用公認(rèn)的縮寫(xiě)式。但 May, June, July, 因?yàn)檩^短，不可縮寫(xiě)。 寫(xiě)日期時(shí)，可用基數(shù)詞1，2，3，4，5，28，29， 30，31等，也可用序數(shù)詞 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31

3、st等。但最好用基數(shù) 詞，簡(jiǎn)單明了。 日期可有下列幾種寫(xiě)法： Dec. 21, 2013； 21 Dec., 2013； 21st Dec, 2013； Dec. 21st, 2013。其中，最為通用。,2. 信內(nèi)地址（Inside Address） 信內(nèi)地址要寫(xiě)收信人的姓名和地址。在公 務(wù)信件中要寫(xiě)明這一項(xiàng)，在私人信件中，這 一項(xiàng)常常省略。該項(xiàng)寫(xiě)在寫(xiě)信日期下一行的 左上角，格式與寄信人地址一樣。,3 .稱呼（Salutation） 與左邊線對(duì)齊，寫(xiě)在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行處。在稱呼后，英國(guó)人常用逗號(hào)，美國(guó)人則常用冒號(hào)。在私人信件中直呼收信人的名字，但公務(wù)信件中要寫(xiě)收信人的姓。大部分信件

4、在稱呼前加“Dear”。如：DearProfessor/Prof.Bergen:DearDr.Johnson,對(duì)不相識(shí)的人可按性別稱呼：DearSir:或DearMadam:DearLadies。如果不知收信人的性別則可用DearSirorMadam:,3. 信的正文（Body of the Letter） 直接說(shuō)明寫(xiě)信人的身份及寫(xiě)信的目的，然后提出寫(xiě)信人的情況、想法或要求，并加以必要的解釋或說(shuō)明。 陳述目的時(shí)，直截了當(dāng)，意思明確，層次清楚，言簡(jiǎn)意賅。 書(shū)信正文的第一句話或第一段（即起首語(yǔ)）一般先將對(duì)方來(lái)信的日期、主題加以簡(jiǎn)單描述，以便使對(duì)方一看便知該信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次給別人寫(xiě)信

5、，也可用開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)作必要的自我介紹，并表明自己寫(xiě)信的主要目的。,正文寫(xiě)作格式： 1)英式結(jié)構(gòu)：縮進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu)，即每一段的第一行都向里縮進(jìn)4-8個(gè)字符，且所有段落的縮進(jìn)距離保持一致；稱呼頂格寫(xiě)，落款則在中間偏右的位置。 2)美式結(jié)構(gòu)：齊頭式結(jié)構(gòu)，即所有段落的第一行 都頂格寫(xiě)，段與段之間空一行，稱呼、落款等也都頂格寫(xiě)。 商業(yè)信函以及電子郵件最好使用齊頭式。,縮進(jìn)式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduati

6、on thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call an

7、d I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,直接說(shuō)明寫(xiě)信目的,原因,齊頭式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I mi

8、ght need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,建議使用齊頭式,4.結(jié)束

9、語(yǔ)（Complimentary Close） 公務(wù)信件的結(jié)尾禮詞包含兩部分：發(fā)信人的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)與署 名。結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)寫(xiě)在簽名上面一行，第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)，套語(yǔ) 結(jié)尾后面要加逗號(hào)。 常用的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)有：Trulyyours, Yourstruly, Respectfullyyours, Yoursrespectfully, Faithfullyyours, Yoursfaithfully, Sincerelyyours, Yourssincerely, Yours truly, Yours 等。 私人信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)有： Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your

10、lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。,記住幾個(gè)常用的即可,5. 簽名（Signature） 寫(xiě)信人的簽名常位于結(jié)尾禮詞正下方一二 行。除非是給很熟悉的人寫(xiě)信，簽名一般須 寫(xiě)出全名。,各種信函類(lèi)型:,一、邀請(qǐng)信(ALetterofInvitation) 1.活動(dòng)名稱及目的 寫(xiě)明邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方參加什么活動(dòng)，以及邀請(qǐng)的原因和目的等。 2.活動(dòng)細(xì)節(jié)及注意事項(xiàng) 寫(xiě)明活動(dòng)安排的細(xì)節(jié)及需要告訴對(duì)方的注意事項(xiàng)。諸如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、參加人員、人數(shù)，需要做些什么樣的準(zhǔn)備以及需要穿著什么的服飾。,Dear Mr. Harrison: Our new factory will be comm

11、encing production on April 10 and we should like to invite you and your wife to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas. We are inv

12、iting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting. Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time we can arrange for you to be met. All arrangements for your stay overnight on April 10 will, of course, be made by us at our expense. Yo

13、urs sincerely, Li Ming,Dear Snoopy, I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jings wedding ceremony with Ms. Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2008. As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebrat

14、ion and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven oclock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss. If you do not have any

15、prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,活動(dòng)內(nèi)容,時(shí)間，地點(diǎn),常用開(kāi)頭用語(yǔ) I am writing to invite you toI would like to see your presence atI think it would be a good idea if you could participate inI wonder if you could comeI would like you to come How

16、 would you like to join us in? 常用結(jié)尾用語(yǔ) My family and I would feel honored if you could come. We would be looking forward to your participation in the party.I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.,（2012年）真題,你叫李平，是學(xué)院學(xué)生會(huì)干部，獲悉你的一位師兄王勇在畢業(yè)后工作近一年，就被提升為公司銷(xiāo)售部經(jīng)理，你寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)學(xué)院舉辦一場(chǎng)講座，信的內(nèi)

17、容包括：消息的來(lái)源；表示高興和祝賀；講座內(nèi)容（他成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)）,開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)什么？,自我介紹，從老師得知升職消息，祝賀。,Dear Wang Yong, I am a member of the School Union. Recently I heard of your promotion to the manager of the Sales Department from our teacher. Please accept my sincere congratulations to you!,第二段寫(xiě)什么？,寫(xiě)信目的。講座的內(nèi)容。時(shí)間。地點(diǎn)等細(xì)節(jié)。,Im writing to invite y

18、ou to give us a lecture on job hunting and future career planning. You know, a lot of students are facing their job hunting these days. Your experience and success will encourage them a lot. The lecture will be held at 7 oclock on this Thurday, in No. 3 Building. It will last 2 hours.,第三段呢？,再次祝賀。盼回復(fù)

19、。,Congratulations again! I am looking forward to your reply as soon as possible so that I can make everything prepared.,邀請(qǐng)信的回復(fù)邀請(qǐng)信的復(fù)信要求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，在書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1接受邀請(qǐng)的復(fù)信中應(yīng)重復(fù)寫(xiě)上邀請(qǐng)信中的某些內(nèi)容，如 邀請(qǐng)年、月、日，星期幾、幾點(diǎn)鐘等，如Ill be delighted to attend your luncheon next Friday, May the fifth, at twelve oclock.“。2邀請(qǐng)信的復(fù)信中應(yīng)明確表明接受邀請(qǐng)

20、還是不接受邀請(qǐng)， 不能含乎其詞，如不能寫(xiě)“IllcomeifImintown.”這類(lèi)的 話，以使得對(duì)方無(wú)法作出安排。在接受邀請(qǐng)的復(fù)信中，應(yīng)對(duì) 受到邀請(qǐng)表示高興。謝卻的復(fù)信中應(yīng)闡明不能應(yīng)邀的原由。,二申請(qǐng)信(ALetterofApplication),申請(qǐng)信主要用于求職或求學(xué),目的是要對(duì)方充分了 解自己的目的和資格.因此,申請(qǐng)信必須簡(jiǎn)明扼要,突 出重點(diǎn).申請(qǐng)信可以是針對(duì)招聘廣告寫(xiě)的,也可以市 直接遞交給某個(gè)單位的.申請(qǐng)信要求語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,信息 正式,既不能夸張,也不必過(guò)于謙虛.申請(qǐng)信的結(jié)構(gòu)一 般包括:申請(qǐng)目標(biāo),自述理由,介紹資格,請(qǐng)求面試和 期待回音等. 語(yǔ)言注意點(diǎn)申請(qǐng)信開(kāi)篇應(yīng)點(diǎn)明主題， 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練。

21、接著說(shuō)明做此申請(qǐng)的原因，即自己所具 備的申請(qǐng)條件，這一部分需重點(diǎn)明確，論述充分。 最后請(qǐng)求回復(fù)并表示感謝時(shí)，應(yīng)采用禮貌、誠(chéng)懇的 措辭。,主要結(jié)構(gòu): 1) 說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作目的表明想要獲得什么工作或?qū)W位，介紹自 己，從何處獲得此信息。 2) 介紹相關(guān)工作經(jīng)歷及本人個(gè)性，以表明你可以勝任這個(gè) 職位包括教育背景、工作經(jīng)歷、個(gè)人能力及成就，視情 況簡(jiǎn)單介紹個(gè)人愛(ài)好和興趣。 3) 表示感謝和期待，懇請(qǐng)招聘單位對(duì)自己的申請(qǐng)給予優(yōu)先 考慮，留下聯(lián)絡(luò)方式及對(duì)對(duì)方表示感謝,Dear Mr. Moore, I would like to express my interest in your recently adver

22、tised position for a waitress. I am enclosing my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications. Not only do I have the qualifications and work experience for this job, but I also have the right personality for a waitress. I am a friendly person who can quickly establis

23、h a rapport with people of all ages. I hope to meet with you to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. I can be reached at 4639234 during the days and 924,6868 after 6 p.m. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to you in the near future. Yours sincerely Li Ming,說(shuō)明寫(xiě)

24、信目的，信息來(lái)源，隨函附件等。切記：簡(jiǎn)潔明了。,具備能力，資格，性格特征。,常見(jiàn)求職及申請(qǐng)信的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)句型： I am writing to apply for . I wish to apply for the post mentioned in your advertisement in Beijing Daily of March 21. I am writing to express my interest in . I should like to apply for the job advertised in yesterdays newspaper. The requirements

25、 in your advertisement makes me confident that I am qualified for the position. I am writing in response to your advertisement for the position of ,表示信心、能力或興趣的方式： I feel that, with my qua1ifications and desire, I could contribute significantly to your company. I feel that I can make a strong contrib

26、ution to your company. I feel confident that I can provide the kind of leadership that you are seeking for. I am convinced that my interest together with my academic background and working experiences will make me better qualified in applying a course of a higher level.,在信尾表達(dá)進(jìn)一步聯(lián)系的愿望，表示感謝的方式： I woul

27、d be pleased to have the opportunity to interview with . I would appreciate the opportunity to discusswith you further. Thank you again and I look forward to hearing from you shortly. I am very interested in this position and would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss during a face-to-face

28、interview. Thank you for you consideration.,（2013年）真題,假如你是一名大學(xué)新生，對(duì)社團(tuán)生活很感興趣，想申請(qǐng)加入某一校園社團(tuán)（campus club or society）。 請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)書(shū)，陳述你加入社團(tuán)的原因，你的優(yōu)勢(shì)，你以前的活動(dòng)經(jīng)歷以及你對(duì)入社后的活動(dòng)有什么設(shè)想。,思考一下，你的申請(qǐng)書(shū)的結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)是怎么樣的？,Para.1: 表明自己的興趣,Para 2: 入社原因，優(yōu)勢(shì)，經(jīng)歷，設(shè)想等。,Para 3: 希望考慮自己的申請(qǐng)。表達(dá)謝意。,Example:,Dear Miss/Mr, I am writing to express my inte

29、rest in joining your Campus club of Music.,I have fallen in love with singing since I was a little boy. I have been playing guitar for 3 years. Besides, I took part in our Senior High School Singing Competition twice and won a second and a first prize respectively. I believe my singing and guitar sk

30、ills will quality me for joining your club. If I am admited in, I will work with other members collectively in order to develop our club into the best one.,I really appreciate if you could consider my application seriously and am looking forward to a face-to-face communication with you. Many thanks.

31、,116 words!,三、詢問(wèn)信(ALetterofInquiry),詢問(wèn)信的主要目的是尋求所需信息，通常包括以下幾個(gè) 方面的內(nèi)容：首先表明寫(xiě)作意圖，說(shuō)明寫(xiě)這封信的目的是 要尋求什么樣的信息；然后就某一具體問(wèn)題進(jìn)行詢問(wèn)；最 后表明獲取信息的急切心情，可以提供聯(lián)系方式以便收信 人與你聯(lián)系，并表達(dá)你的感謝之情。 提示：詢問(wèn)信的語(yǔ)氣通常比較正式、和緩，要充分表達(dá) 感激之情。同時(shí)，相比較語(yǔ)氣直接的疑問(wèn)句，用一些能夠 起到提問(wèn)作用的陳述句更佳。,句型 I wonder if you could tell me the information about I am writing for the inf

32、ormation about/concerning I would like to know whether you can provide me with information regarding Would you be so kind to tell me？ I look forward to your immediate response. Your attention to this letter/Your immediate response would be highly appreciated. I am waiting for your quick reply. Thank

33、 you in advance for your cooperation/assistance.,四、祝賀信(ALetterofCongratulation),英語(yǔ)中，祝賀信使用的頻率很高。凡是遇到重大 的喜慶節(jié)日，如圣誕節(jié)、新年、婚禮和生日等等， 親友間要寫(xiě)祝賀信。當(dāng)親友晉升、畢業(yè)、考試成功 或出國(guó)留學(xué)時(shí)也要寫(xiě)祝賀信。祝賀信相對(duì)而言是比 較容易寫(xiě)的，但用詞必須親切有禮、表達(dá)出真誠(chéng)的 喜悅感情。具體寫(xiě)作步驟： 首段：表達(dá)聽(tīng)到喜訊的心情。 主體段落：對(duì)喜訊進(jìn)行積極評(píng)價(jià)。 結(jié)尾段：表達(dá)衷心的祝賀之情。,句型 I am so pleased and happy to hear that I offe

34、r you my warmest congratulations on your I wish you still further success！ Please accept our most sincere congratulations and very best wishes for all the good future in the world.,DearJason, I am much delighted to learn that you have been elected the Chairman of our University Students Union. This

35、is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement. The Students Union plays an essential role in our campus life. Managing such an organization not only poses a great challenge to you, but will also fundamentally enhance your ability. Please accept my most sincere congrat

36、ulations! Bestwishes, LiMing,所取得的成績(jī)的意義,再次祝賀！,五、投訴信 (ALetterofComplaint),投訴信內(nèi)容：說(shuō)明投訴的原因并表示遺憾；實(shí)事求是地闡述問(wèn)題發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)，指出問(wèn)題引起的后果；提出批評(píng)及處理的意見(jiàn)或敦促對(duì)方采取措施或者提出所希望的賠償以及補(bǔ)救方式。 投訴信的結(jié)構(gòu) （1）開(kāi)頭：自我介紹，交代投訴內(nèi)容，表明本信的目的和要求。 （2）正文：說(shuō)明情況，講清利害，分析利弊。告訴對(duì)方你因此受到的傷害或不便，提出解決問(wèn)題的建議，表明希望如何處理。 （3）結(jié)尾：表達(dá)希望問(wèn)題得到迅速恰當(dāng)解決的強(qiáng)烈愿望，希望盡快得到滿 意的答復(fù)。,投訴信常用語(yǔ) 1) 有禮貌

37、地說(shuō)明所犯錯(cuò)誤或指出問(wèn)題 1.I am writing to complain about- 2.I write to express my concern/dissatisfaction about 3.I would like to express my disappointment about- 4.We have received your (invoice/consignment) 5.With reference to your invoice of- I must point out- 6.According to-, the correct figure is- 7.On ch

38、ecking the goods, we discovered that 200 radios were missing. 8.Your invoice states that the consignment contains radios, but in fact .,五、道歉信(ALetterofApology),道歉信內(nèi)容：表示歉意；道歉的原由；出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)的原因; 提出彌補(bǔ)措施；請(qǐng)求原諒。 寫(xiě)作“三步走”：表示歉意-說(shuō)明具體原因、提出補(bǔ) 救辦法-再次致歉、希望得到理解.提示：在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中，盡可能提供比較合理的理由。 如果違反生活常識(shí)將導(dǎo)致扣分；在解釋完原因后，盡量 提供一個(gè)合適的補(bǔ)救辦法，

39、使行文更加完滿。,常用語(yǔ)：Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot.I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of.Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards?If so, please dont hesitate to drop me a call ab

40、out your preferable date. Pleaseallowmetosaysorryagain.,Directions: You are invited to a dinner at a friends house, but you are not able to attend because of the preparation for a coming examination. Write a letter to your friends to express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a meeting a

41、t another time。,DearAnne,Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing

42、the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please dont hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you。Pleaseallowmetosaysorryagain。 Reg

43、ards, LiMing,把邀請(qǐng)的內(nèi)容重復(fù)一遍。,道歉；說(shuō)明原因。遺憾。,補(bǔ)救方案,六、感謝信(ALetterofThanks),感謝信的開(kāi)頭應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)述寫(xiě)感謝信的目的。 感謝信的主要部分，應(yīng)特別指出由于對(duì)方的幫 助，使自己所得到的益處。 感謝信的最后有時(shí)可再次表達(dá)感謝之意，也可表 達(dá)希望繼續(xù)合作、保持聯(lián)絡(luò)的愿望或有機(jī)會(huì)報(bào)答對(duì) 方的承諾等。,英語(yǔ)感謝信常用語(yǔ)句: Many thanks for your kind and warm help. I am greatly indebted to you for your help. Thank you for your generous hospitality. Im sincerely grateful for all your help in . Your note of congratulations is deeply appreciated. Thank you for doing so much to make my trip interesting. Thank you for your kindness to have done me a favour. On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for Thank