2020春人教新目標(biāo)英語八級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit10 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)和練習(xí)

1、2020年春人教新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè) Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years. 語言知識(shí)點(diǎn)： 1. for/since (1) for與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，表示“做某事多長時(shí)間了”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過去某時(shí)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。for所在句子中的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如： Ive lived in China for two years. 我住在中國兩年了。 Ive known him for more than twenty years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他20多年了。 (2) since作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句常用完

2、成時(shí)。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自從我來這里就學(xué)習(xí)英語。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自從我五歲就認(rèn)識(shí)她。 since還可以作介詞，連接一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一段時(shí)間+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自從上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自從四年前她就在武漢。 2. maker maker是名詞，意為“生產(chǎn)者；制造者”，是由“動(dòng)詞make +

3、后綴-r”構(gòu)成的。英語中，表示職業(yè)或身份的名詞小結(jié)： (1) 以-ist結(jié)尾的有： pianist鋼琴家 chemist化學(xué)家 violinist小提琴家 physicist物理學(xué)家 scientist科學(xué)家 (2) 以-er，-r或-or結(jié)尾的有： teacher教師 painter畫家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor參觀者 actor演員 engineer工程師 inventor發(fā)明家 professor教授 reporter記者 (3) 以-man結(jié)尾的有： postman郵遞員 policeman警察 businessman商人 spaceman宇航員 fishe

4、rman漁夫 dustman清潔工 (4) 以-ian結(jié)尾的有： musician音樂家 politician政治家 3. certain certain作形容詞，意為“某種；某事；某人”。例如： He decided to sell his certain books. 他決定賣掉他的某些書籍。 【拓展】certain作形容詞，意為“確定的；無疑的”，相當(dāng)于sure，對(duì)應(yīng)的副詞為certainly。certain常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中： be certain / sure of sth. 對(duì)某事有把握 be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事 be certain /

5、sure + that從句 確信 例如： They are certain / sure of success. 他們有把握成功。 Im certain / sure that he will come. 我確信他會(huì)成功的。 4. a 46-year-old husband and father 46-year-old是復(fù)合形容詞，這種形容詞有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：一是詞與詞之間要用連字符連接；二是數(shù)詞之后的名詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： a three-meter-long line一條三米長的繩子 【拓展】 歲數(shù)的表達(dá)方式小結(jié)： (1) 基數(shù)詞 + years old。例如： He is 8 years ol

6、d. 他八歲了。 (2) 基礎(chǔ)詞-year-old。例如： Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18歲的女孩。 (3) 名詞 + of + 基礎(chǔ)詞。例如： Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18歲的男孩。 (4) at the age of + 基數(shù)詞。例如： She is at the age of 18. 她18歲了。 5. shame shame是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“羞恥；羞愧；慚愧”?？膳c不定冠詞a連用，表示“可恥的人或事；可惜（遺憾）的事”。例如： He felt no shame for what he had don

7、e. 他對(duì)自己所做過的事不感到羞愧。 Its a shame that you cant stay for dinner. 你不能留下吃晚飯，真遺憾。 【拓展】shame常見的短語有： feel shame at因而感到羞愧 in shame羞愧地 have no shame無羞恥心 with shame羞愧地 to ones shame令某人感到羞愧的是 bring shame on使丟臉 6. regard regard作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“注視； 注意；認(rèn)作”。常用短語regardas意為“將視為；把當(dāng)作”，as為介詞，其后可接名詞或代詞。例如： I regard you as my bes

8、t friend. 我把你當(dāng)作我最好的朋友。 We regard him as our brother. 我們把他當(dāng)成兄弟看待。 7. opposite (1) opposite作介詞，意為“在對(duì)面”，相當(dāng)于across from，常與名詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，表方位。例如： They live opposite the bank. 他們住在銀行對(duì)面。 (2) opposite作形容詞，意為“另一邊的；對(duì)面的；相反的”。例如： We live on the opposite side of the road. 我們住在馬路對(duì)面。 (3) opposite作副詞，意為“在對(duì)面”。例如： Theres

9、 an old man living opposite. 有一個(gè)老人住在對(duì)面。 (4) opposite作名詞，意為“相反的人或物；對(duì)立面”，常與介詞of一起使用。例如： “Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反義詞。 8. consider consider作動(dòng)詞，意為“考慮、認(rèn)為”，它的后面跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞或者從句作賓語。 Please consider my suggestion. 請(qǐng)考慮我的建議。 Why dont you consider visiting Qing Dao？你為什么不考慮去青島參觀？ I consider that he

10、 is a selfish man. 我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)自私的人。 【拓展】 后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語可參考以下歸納： 完成，實(shí)踐，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）； 考慮，建議，不禁，想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）； 錯(cuò)過，習(xí)慣，（別）放棄（miss, be used to, give up）； 繼續(xù)，喜歡，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。 詞匯精練 I. 英漢互譯。 1. 多久_ 2. not any more _ 3. grow up_ 4. 起初_ 5. as

11、 for _ 6. give up_ 7. 至少_ 8. 一年一兩次_ 9. according to _ 10. in order to_ II. 根據(jù)句意及漢語提示寫出所缺單詞。 1. All my life I have tried to be an _(誠實(shí)的) man. 2. He tied a _(圍巾) around his neck. 3. Please _(檢查) your answer again. 4. Its very comfortable to step on the _(柔軟的) ground in the spring. 5. During the 1830s,

12、 countries all over the world started to build _(鐵路). 6. He is the tallest one _(在當(dāng)中) the boys. 7. In judging him you should _(仔細(xì)考慮) his youth. 8. I have many pleasant _(回憶) of our friendship. 9. My little son can _(數(shù)數(shù)) from one to ten. 10. Miss Li _(搜尋) on the Internet for the information she neede

13、d. III. 用since或for填空。 1. Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. My aunt has lived in Australia _ 15 days. 4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _ 1947. 6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting _ 20

14、minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _ October. 參考答案 I. 英漢互譯。 1. how long 2. 不再 3. 長大 4. at first 5. 至于 6. 放棄 7. at least 8. once or twice a year 9. 根據(jù)；按照 10. 為了 II. 根據(jù)句意及首字母和漢語提示寫出所缺單詞。 1. honest 2.

15、scarf 3. check 4. soft 5. railway 6. among 7. consider 8. memories 9. count 10. searched III. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. for; since 句式精講 1. How long have you had that bike over there? how long意為“多長時(shí)間”，詢問某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久，故句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或 表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。例如： How

16、long do you watch TV? 你看電視多長時(shí)間了？ How long can I keep the book? 這本書我可以借多久？ 【拓展】how long; how often; how soon的辨析： ，主要對(duì)時(shí)間段提問。例如：表示“多長時(shí)間”how long How long is he staying? 他打算待多久？ Hes staying for a week. 他打算待一個(gè)星期。 how often 表示“多久一次”，主要對(duì)頻率進(jìn)行提問。例如： How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次電視？ Twice a week. 一周兩次。 意為“

17、還要多久”，多用在一般將來時(shí)中。例如： how soon How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回來？ In an hour. 一小時(shí)以后。 2. Because I dont read it any more. notany more意為“不再”。not常位于be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，any more常位于句末，相當(dāng)于no more。no more常位于句中，放在be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，兩者經(jīng)常可以互換。例如： He doesnt live here any more. = He no more lives here. 他不再住在這里了。 【拓展】 表示“不

18、再”的詞還有notany longer或no longer。二者的區(qū)別在于： (1) notany more = no more，表示數(shù)量或程度上的“不再”增加，通常修飾終止性動(dòng)詞。例如： The baby isnt crying any more. = The baby is no more crying. 這個(gè)嬰兒不再哭了。 (2) no longer = notany longer表示時(shí)間或距離上的“不再”延長，通常修飾延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如： I cant stand it any longer. 我對(duì)此再也不能忍受下去了。 3. Amy thinks its hard to sell h

19、er old things. It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意為“做某事是的”，to do sth.為句子的真正的主語，而it為形式主語，形式主語不能用別的詞來代替，句中可在形容詞后加for sb.，意為“對(duì)于某人來說，做某事是的”。例如： Its important for us to learn a foreign language. 對(duì)我們來說，學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是相當(dāng)重要的。 Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 對(duì)我們來說，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。 【拓展】 這個(gè)句型中的for sb.有時(shí)

20、也可以用of sb. 二者意義有區(qū)別： (1) 在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意為“對(duì)某人來說”，句中的形容詞是用來說明to do sth.的，形式主語只能用it。例如： Its necessary for the students to do some housework. 對(duì)于學(xué)生們來說，做些家務(wù)是十分必要的。 (2) 在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意為“某人”，句中形容詞可與邏輯主語sb. 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即形容詞是用來說明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如： Its very kind of

21、 you to help us. 你能幫助我們真是太好了。 4. Jim has been in Japan for three days. (1) been是be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。 (2) have been in 是be in的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式，一般與段時(shí)間狀語連用。例如： He has been in hospital for two months. 他住院已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月了。 【拓展】have been to; have been in 與have gone to的辨析： (1) “have/ has been to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了。例如： Ive been t

22、o Beijing twice. 我已去過北京兩次。 (2) “have/has been in + 地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地待了一段時(shí)間”。例如： Hes been in this school for two years. 他在這所學(xué)校待了兩年了。 (3)“ have/has gone to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“到某事去了”，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里 或返回的途中。例如： Wheres Wei Hua? 魏華在哪里？ She has gone to the zoo. 她到動(dòng)物園去了。 5. But he also thinks some things will never cha

23、nge, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories. 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，some things至句末為賓語從句，作thinks的賓語。在該賓語從句中包含由and連接的 兩個(gè)分句，在第二個(gè)分句中，“that holds all his childhood memories”是定語從句，修飾先行詞place。關(guān) 系代詞that在定語從句中作主語。當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that或which，當(dāng)關(guān)系代 詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that或which也可省略。例如： I like

24、 clothes that/which are unusual. 我喜歡與眾不同的衣服。 Pass me the book(that/which) you bought for me yesterday. 把你昨天給我買的那本書遞給我。 句式精練 I. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成英語句子（每空一詞）。 1. 你擁有那邊的那輛自行車多長時(shí)間了？ _ _ _ you _ that bike over there? 2. 請(qǐng)查看一下這些玩具是否完好。 Please _ _ if these toys are all right. 3. 說實(shí)在的，我很喜歡美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂。 _ _ _, I like Americ

25、an country music very much. 4. 我在紐約住了幾個(gè)星期。 I have lived in New York for _ _ _ weeks. 5. 他不懈地學(xué)習(xí)著，直到不再討厭數(shù)學(xué)為止。 He worked and worked until he _ _ hated mathematics. 6. 懷特先生的記憶力很差。 Mr. White has _ _ _. 7. “空的”是“滿的”的反義詞。 “Empty” is _ _ _ “full”. 8. 許多警察和官兵正在森林里搜尋從監(jiān)獄里跑出來的犯人。 Many policemen and soldiers are

26、 _ the forest _ the prisoner escaping from prison. II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)化，每空一詞。 1. He ran in the school for half an hour. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ _ he run in the school? 2. We started to skate two hours ago. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ you start to skate? 3. They started to play the piano one or two hours ago. (改為同義句) They started to pl

27、ay the piano _ _ _ two ago. 4. They have been away from here since two years ago. (改為同義句) _ _ two years _ they left here. 5. The man began to work four hours ago. (改為同義句) The man has _ _ four hours. 6. I have already finished my homework. (改為否定句) I _ _ my homework _. 7. She has cleaned the room. (改為

28、一般疑問句) _ she _ the room? ) 改為同義句8. Tina bought the car last year. ( Tina _ _ the car _ a year. III. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。 A. Who has gone there? B. When are you going there? C. I havent been there, either. D. Ive seen and learnt a lot there. E. What have you done in the holiday? F. Which pavilion do you want to vis

29、it most? G. But I hear therere a large number of people every day. M: Yang Liu, the summer holiday is over. 1 W: I have visited the World Expo Garden in Shanghai. M: That must be exciting. 2 You must have waited for a long time to visit some wonderful pavilion, didnt you? W: Yes, I did. But I think

30、its worth visiting. 3 M: Youre right. I want to go to the World Expo Garden, too. W: 4 M: Im planning to go during National Day holiday. W: 5 M: The China Pavilion, of course. W: Have a pleasant trip. M: Thanks. 參考答案 I. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成英語句子（每空一詞）。 1. How long have; had 2. check out 3. To be honest 4. a cou

31、ple of 5. no longer 6. a bad memory 7. the opposite of 8. searching; for II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)化，每空一詞。 1. How long did 2. When did 3. one hour or 4. It is; since 5. worked for 6. havent finished; yet 7. Has; cleaned 8. has had; for III. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。 1-5 EGDBF Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years. 鞏固習(xí)題 I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1Have

32、 you locked the windows _? YesI have _ locked them Aalready：already Byet；yet Cyet；already Dalready；yet I have bought a nice dress2 Where _ you _ it? Ahave；bought Bdid；buy Cwill；buy Ddo；buy 3Wang Lin says the purpose of staying in the United States is _ more chances _ English from Americans Ato get；t

33、o learn Bgetting；to learn Cgetting；in Dto get；getting 4My friend，Darren，is coming to visit us. Im looking forward _ him Ameet Bmeeting Cto meet Dto meeting 5The radio is too noisy and there is nothing interesting on itWhy dont you _? All rightIll do that Aturn it on Bturn it off Cturn it back Dturn

34、it up 6When did you start your math homework? One hour ago，but I _ it yet Adidnt finish Bfinished Chave finished Dhavent finished 7_ wasnt easy to win the match AIt BThat CThis DOne 8How long have you _ the book? For three days Aborrowed Bkept Clent Dbought 9She is one of _ singersI like her very mu

35、ch Afamous Bthe most famous Cmore famous Dmost famous 10I think the question is _ difficult to answer Amost Bmany Ca lot Da bit 11Mary is an _ girlShe lives with her grandmother A8-years-old B8-year-old C8-years old D8 years old 12He used to _ up early，and now he gets used to _ up early Aget；getting

36、 Bget；get Cgetting；get Dgetting；getting 13According _ Mr. Wang，well go on a trip this weekend Ain Bto Cat Dfor 14The basketball _ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan Awhen Bthat Cwho Dwhat 15Look! Shes standing _ the ten children Aamong Bbetween Cof Dfrom II. 完形填空。 In a small town in France，there was

37、 a farmer who lived aloneEvery day，he 1 a pound of butter to his neighbour，who was a bakerOne day the baker decided 2 the butter to see if he was getting a poundAfter he weighed(稱的重量) it，he found that he wasntThe baker then took 3 farmer to the judge(法官) The judge asked the farmer if he had any way

38、to weigh the butterThe farmer answered，“I am so 4 that I do not have enough money to buy anything to weigh it， 5 I do have a kind of scale(天平).” The judge asked，“Then how do you weigh the butter?”The farmer answered，“Before the baker started buying butter from 6 ，I had bought bread from himSo every

39、time when I bring home the bread from the baker， I put it on the scale and give him the butter of the same weight.” We 7 what we give to others in lifeWhenever you take action，ask yourself this 8 “Am I honest?” Honesty or dishonesty can become a 9 Some dishonest people can lie(說謊) without a red face

40、Others lie so much that they do not even 10 what the truth is any moreBut who is it bad for? As a matter of fact，those who lie will hurt themselves by their own dishonest behaviour(行為，舉止) 1A. gave Bfed Cthrew Dsold 2Aweigh Bweighing Cto weigh Dweighed 3A Ba C. an Dthe 4Arich Bpoor C. honest Dquiet 5

41、Aand Bso Cbut Dor 6AI Bmy Cme Dmine 7Aget back Blook back Cgive back Dturn back 8Aanswer Bquestion Chelp Didea 9Adifference Bhabit Cmistake Ddifficulty 10Astudy Bmean Cimagine Dknow III. 閱讀理解。 A Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15，1452 in ItalyHe is best known as an artist todayOne of his famous

42、paintings is called Mona LisaHowever，Leonardo had many other natural abilitiesHe was also a great inventorMany of his inventions have become important in modern day life Although Leonardo hated war，he invented many different machines used for warHis most special invention was the machine gun，which w

43、as produced and used in war many years later By watching the way birds fly，Leonardo tried to find out the secret of flyingAmong his sketches(素描) we can see several objectsWe consider them as modern flying machines Leonardo spent many hours thinking about how to make good use of timeHe developed idea

44、s for labor-saving machines like cutting machines Leonardo was a strange manHe didnt eat any meat，which was unusual in those timesHe never published(發(fā)表) his ideas and scientific discoveriesHe usually used mirror writing，which looks like writing in a mirror，starting from the right side of the page an

45、d moving to the left We have very little of his work todayLeonardo finished only a few of his paintingsHe left many unfinished because he thought they were not perfectNo one in his life time knew how great Leonardo wasWe now believe，however，that he was one of the cleverest men the world has ever kno

46、wn 1According to the passage，Leonardo is not only an artist but also _ Aan inventor Ban engineer Ca writer Da musician 2_ was Leonardos most special invention AThe mirror writing BThe cutting machine CThe machine gun DThe flying machine 3Leonardo was strange，for example，_ Ahe didnt eat any vegetable

47、s Bhe usually used minor writing Che liked to publish his discoveries Dhe enjoyed drawing flying machines 4Leonardo invented some machines to _ Astop the war Bhelp paint pictures make good use of time D watch the birds C 5From the passage，we can learn that Leonardo was very _ Ahumorous Bserious Ccle

48、ver Dlonely B Fifty-three years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toysSince thenBarbie，as everyone called，has become the most Successful toy doll in historyHer parent，the Mattel Company，said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie doll at ho

49、me However，Barbie is facing some trouble at present(現(xiàn)在)There are many similar dolls on the market in competition with herAnother doll named Bratz, for example，came to life thirteen years agoShe looks more like todays pop stars with heavy makeup(濃妝) and miniskirtsAnd her company offers more kinds of clothes too It seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls“For younger girls，playing with a Barbie doll is much funBut when you get older，y