中考英語閱讀猜測詞義題答題技巧.ppt

1、中考英語閱讀理解 猜測詞義題答題策略 By 李亞紅,所謂猜測詞義是指在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某一生詞、難詞、關(guān)鍵詞的意義。它是一種非常有用的閱讀技巧，通過上下文提供的線索或生詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點對詞義作出正確判斷，能提高閱讀速度和閱讀能力,猜測詞義的技巧,以定義為線索猜測詞義 以對詞的舉例及解釋猜測詞義 以構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義 以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義 以反義詞和對比關(guān)系為線索猜測詞義 以重述為線索猜測詞義 以因果關(guān)系為線索猜測詞義,定義法（definition,利用文章中對詞的定義猜測詞義，由于作者知道某個詞讀者可能不認(rèn)識，便在句中給該詞下個

2、定義以幫助讀者理解。下定義是最容易辨認(rèn)的一種語境線索，定義的謂語動詞多為:be, mean, deal with ,be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等,Examples,Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in

3、 the field of engineering. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collects shells,Anthropology 人類學(xué) Ventilation 通風(fēng)系統(tǒng) Prestidigitator 變戲法

4、的人 Conchologists 貝殼學(xué)者,舉例法,利用文章中對詞的舉例及解釋猜測詞義。舉例常用詞：such as, for example, for instance等等。 例：In the corner there maybe a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. Ornaments 飾品,構(gòu)詞法（word-building,利用詞的前綴和后綴及復(fù)合詞等

5、方法猜測詞義。 He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes. Then Jonny came out and told us an extraordinary story. semiconscious 半清醒的 extraordinary 非凡的，離奇的,以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義,有時作者為了使他的意思表達得更清楚明白，通常用一個同義詞或近義詞來解釋另一個比較難的詞或關(guān)鍵詞，這些同義詞或近義詞為讀者推斷生詞詞義提供了線索。另外，有時作者在表達同一概念時喜歡用兩個或更多的同義詞或近義詞，其中必定有

6、讀者所熟悉的詞，根據(jù)已知的詞語，就不難推斷出生詞的詞義。 or 有時課作為識別同義詞或近義詞的信號詞。 like (像.一樣），as.as（如同.一樣），the same as (與.相同）等也可以作為識別生詞的同義詞或近義詞的信號詞，以這些詞為線索，有時也可以推斷出生詞的詞義,The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principle of the school was an older wo

7、man, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. supersedes 取代 plump 肥胖的,以反義詞和對比關(guān)系為線索猜測詞義,有時作者運用對比的手法來表現(xiàn)事物之間的差異。在進行對比的過程中，作者必然會用一些互為反義的詞語使不同事物的特點更為突出。通過上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從對兩種事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比的描述中，讀者可以根據(jù)其中一個熟悉的詞推斷出另一個生詞的詞義。 另外，在表示這種關(guān)系時，作者通常會用一些信號詞來表明另一個詞語與前面詞語互為反義，這些信號詞無疑為讀者理解和猜測生詞詞義提供了非常好的線索。常用來表示對應(yīng)關(guān)系和提供相反信息的信號詞有:

8、but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of , despite, even though, although, thought, unlike, instead (of), rather than, nevertheless, on the other hand, still, by contrast, on the contrary, in the end, compared to 等,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however,

9、 everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 此句中，以信號詞 however 為線索，可以看出作者把現(xiàn)在的事情與過去進行對比。過去是“in an orderly way 而現(xiàn)在是 ”in a state of turmoil,過去是秩序井然，現(xiàn)在則是相反，那就是一片混亂,以重述為線索猜測詞義,有時作者在闡述某個概念或某一事情時，為了把它講述得更清楚，他可能采取另一種方式重述一下前面的內(nèi)容。這種重述往往比前面表達更為簡單易懂的詞語。后面這種簡單易懂的詞語無疑為前面較難的詞語提供了猜測的線索。因此，讀者在閱讀的過程中如遇到生詞時，不要停下來，不妨看

10、一下該生詞后面是否有另一種闡述或解釋。表達重述，作者也經(jīng)常使用一些信號詞，這些信號詞有 in other words, that is to say, or that is, i.e., to be precise 等,Before the main business of a conference begins the chairman usually makes a short preliminary (i.e introductory) speech, or make a few preliminary remarks. In other words, he says a few thi

11、ngs by way of introduction. Archaeology, the study about ancient things, is my favorite. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily,以因果關(guān)系為線索猜測詞義,因果關(guān)系是一種常見的、行之有效的、能提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。一定的原因會導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果：某一結(jié)果是由某種原因所引起的。作者在敘述原因的過程中，必然會把詞或句子置于一種因果關(guān)系的邏輯之中，這無疑為讀者推斷生詞詞義提供了很好的線索。作者通常會用一些信號詞表示句

12、子之間的因果關(guān)系，這些信號詞有 since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so. that, such.that 等,Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye couldnt tell the diff

13、erence,Exercise,It is the moment for your big exam. You wait anxiously for the test to drop onto your desk. Your teacher says to begin. You pick up your pencil, ready to answer the first question. Second later, you nervously look at the paper of the boy next to you, and start to copy his answers. Al

14、l students are familiar with this type of situation. 題The underlined words “this type of situation” in the third paragraph mean _. A. taking part in exams B. cheating in class C. correcting the mistakes D. waiting for the test,A professor from New York University once went to a remote area to do som

15、e science research. One day, he ate some thing wrong and became sick, but it was too far to go back to the city. “I have to see a doctor,” he said to a local. “How can I be sure of getting a good one?” 題The word “remote” in the first sentence means _. A. 遙遠(yuǎn)的 B. 繁華的 C. 附近的 D. 城市的,Cool” is a word with

16、 many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings. “Cool” can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say “Its cool

17、.” You may think “Hes so cool,” when you see your favorite footballer. We all maximize the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising” 題In the passage, the underlined word “express” means _ A. see B. show C. know D. feel 題The underlined word “maximize” in th

18、e story means _ A.擴大 B.找出 C. 最大值 D.解釋,So, by the year 2300, there was so many people that food became scarce. There was no water to grow food and all of the fish in the lakes and seas died because of pollution. Terrible wars broke out between the rich and the poor. Science were working very hard to find another planet in space where humans could live. 題Whats the meaning of “scarce” in the passage? A. 昂貴的 B.充足的 C.缺乏的 D. 特殊的,Once we climbed a v