活塞式壓縮機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)大作業(yè)

1、活塞式壓縮機(jī)大型作業(yè)(2009)一、 題目：復(fù)算19WY9/150 型氫氮?dú)鈮嚎s機(jī)在目前操作條件下的各級(jí)壓力、排氣溫度、排氣量、功率，作出計(jì)算示功圖、切向力圖、活塞力圖、標(biāo)明最大活塞力與切向力，核算配用電機(jī)功率是否適當(dāng)？二、 19WY9/150 型壓縮機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介19WY9/150 型壓縮機(jī)是我省是期投產(chǎn)3000 噸小型化肥廠的氮?dú)錃鈮嚎s機(jī)，二列是間為飛輪，由電機(jī)通過(guò)三角皮帶拖動(dòng)。壓縮機(jī)為臥式、兩列、門(mén)型，四級(jí)壓縮。原料（半水煤氣）經(jīng)脫硫后進(jìn)入級(jí)，經(jīng)級(jí)壓縮后送去變換、水洗、碳化、碳化后，為碳化氣。碳化氣返回級(jí)、級(jí)壓縮后去洗銅、合成。三、 目前操作條件與有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)（1） 操作條件： 吸氣壓力 0.15

2、MPa (絕) 排氣壓力 16.0MPa (絕)級(jí)出口與級(jí)進(jìn)口壓力差P=0.09MPa吸氣溫度：級(jí) ts () 30 35 40 40級(jí)進(jìn)口相對(duì)濕度=1（2） 氣體組成組分N2H2CO2COO2ArCH4半水煤氣0.210.390.120.260.0050.00450.0105碳化氣0.2370.7090.0050.0290.0030.0050.012（3） 有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)（3） 有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)活塞行程： S = 310 mm， 活塞桿直徑 d = 60 mm轉(zhuǎn) 速： n = 228轉(zhuǎn)/分 連桿比 = r/L = 150/700 = 0.2143列超前列90o往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)件重量： 列 210.9 Kg ; 列

3、 193.7Kg直徑D34021013565相對(duì)余隙0.0650.150.160.1抽氣系數(shù) 10.890.890.89飛輪矩 GD2 為 471.0 Kg-m2配用電機(jī)額定功率：155kW解：1. 由于各級(jí)間溫度變化不大，所以各氣體的熱熔比取由書(shū)本圖1-2,各氣體等熵指數(shù)分別取 N2：K=1.40 H2: K =1.40 CO2 :K =1.28 CO: K =1.40 O2 :K=1.40 Ar :K =1.66 CH4 :K=1.27根據(jù)公式1-14 可得原料（半水煤氣）的等熵指數(shù)為K=1.379 碳化氣的等熵指數(shù)K=1.397一.初算各級(jí)壓力比各級(jí)的行程容積根據(jù)式子可計(jì)算=0.0544

4、=0.0171 =0.0035 =0.0010又已知吸氣壓力 0.15 MPa (絕) 排氣壓力 16.0MPa (絕)即=0.15MPa =16.0MPa =0.15四級(jí)的名義壓力比為： 3.確定各級(jí)新的容積系數(shù)由書(shū)本表2-1可得膨脹指數(shù)計(jì)算公式，且第一級(jí)K=1.379，二，三，四級(jí)的K=1.397 多變指數(shù)第一級(jí) =1.19多變指數(shù)第二級(jí) =1.20多變指數(shù)第三級(jí) =1.25多變指數(shù)第四級(jí) =1.30理想氣體的容積系數(shù)根據(jù)公式2-10可求得 4.確定各級(jí)工況系數(shù)C抽氣系數(shù) 由公式得所以要進(jìn)行復(fù)算（二）第一次復(fù)算 1.重新確定初值P得 2.確定各級(jí)容積系數(shù) 3.確定各級(jí)工況常數(shù)所以要進(jìn)行第二

5、次復(fù)算（三）第二次復(fù)算1.重新確定初值P 2.確定各級(jí)容積系數(shù) 3.確定各級(jí)工況常數(shù)所以要進(jìn)行第三次復(fù)算（四）第三次復(fù)算1.重新確定初值P 2.確定各級(jí)容積系數(shù) 3.確定各級(jí)工況常數(shù) 精度足夠，所以確定各級(jí)壓力位第級(jí) 吸氣壓力P=0.15 MPa 排氣壓力P=0.737MPa第級(jí) 吸氣壓力P=0.647 MPa 排氣壓力P=2.909MPa第級(jí) 吸氣壓力P=2.909 MPa 排氣壓力P=8.513MPa第級(jí) 吸氣壓力P=8.513MPa 排氣壓力P=16.0MPa二 各級(jí)排氣溫度根據(jù)書(shū)本公式2-25計(jì)算（其中為吸氣溫度）又過(guò)程指數(shù)對(duì)低壓級(jí)可取，中高壓取n=k，所以取=1.39 可得 三 排氣

6、量的計(jì)算 根據(jù)值理論計(jì)算 由書(shū)本公式2-29得（其中為各級(jí)氣缸的行程容積，；分別為氣缸的容積系數(shù)，壓力系數(shù)，溫度系數(shù)；無(wú)氣體泄漏是取取1；n為壓縮機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，）根據(jù)的壓力比查溫度系數(shù)與壓力比的關(guān)系圖2-12可得各級(jí)的溫度系數(shù) 0.93， 0.91， 0.94， 0.96，壓力系數(shù)（一般取0.98到1.0） 取 因?yàn)?所以 泄漏系數(shù) 泄漏系數(shù)取=0.97 , =0.97 , =0.95 , =0.94 ,所以壓縮機(jī)的排氣系數(shù)為 =0.82，=0.63，=0.78，=0.940.93， 0.91， 0.94， 0.96=0.97 , =0.97 , =0.95 , =0.94同理第二級(jí)的吸氣系數(shù)為=0

7、.0544=0.0171=0.0035=0.0010所以 四 功率的計(jì)算 計(jì)算各級(jí)指示功率和軸功率由公式可計(jì)算第級(jí) 第級(jí) 第級(jí) 第級(jí) 所以，壓縮機(jī)總的指示功率取機(jī)械效率取，則壓縮機(jī)的軸功率又電機(jī)功率余度10%，而155 所以該電機(jī)規(guī)格不符?；钊\(yùn)動(dòng)分析 活塞的位移公式為活塞的位移近似式為活塞的加速度為 式中 ， , 對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣用理論力學(xué)的達(dá)朗貝爾原理進(jìn)行受力分析，即將運(yùn)動(dòng)剛體視為靜止，加上慣性力，運(yùn)用靜力學(xué)平衡方程。作用在連桿機(jī)構(gòu)上的幾個(gè)主要作用力：慣性力、氣體力、摩擦力、摩擦力矩等。并畫(huà)它們與轉(zhuǎn)角關(guān)系的曲線圖。慣性力 由已知，得：摩擦力與摩擦力矩 往復(fù)摩擦力的計(jì)算公式為 為機(jī)械效率為指

8、示功率S為行程為每秒轉(zhuǎn)速，r/s旋轉(zhuǎn)摩擦力矩的計(jì)算公式為：旋轉(zhuǎn)摩擦力的計(jì)算公式為：氣體力 其中P為氣體力，N為活塞的有效面積，為作用在有效面積上的氣體壓力，Pa 求出轉(zhuǎn)角對(duì)應(yīng)的活塞當(dāng)量位移x蓋側(cè)對(duì)應(yīng)于汽缸容積的活塞當(dāng)量位移，就是活塞位移的值：軸側(cè)對(duì)應(yīng)于汽缸容積的當(dāng)量位移則另為：即 對(duì)于的值可以查表。壓縮過(guò)程任意點(diǎn)的壓力為：膨脹過(guò)程任意點(diǎn)的壓力為：排氣過(guò)程任意點(diǎn)的壓力為： 吸氣過(guò)程任意點(diǎn)的壓力為： 為余隙容積的當(dāng)量行程。 分別為膨脹過(guò)程任意點(diǎn)的壓力與膨脹始點(diǎn)壓力。與壓縮過(guò)程的意義一樣。壓縮始點(diǎn)壓力級(jí)次進(jìn)氣壓力(MP)排氣壓力(MP)余隙容積的當(dāng)量行程,m行程過(guò)程指數(shù)第一級(jí)0.150.7370.0

9、20.311.39第二級(jí)0.6472.9090.050.311.4第三級(jí)2.9098.5130.050.311.4第四級(jí)8.513160.030.311.4根據(jù)以上畫(huà)出示功圖同理，可得到第級(jí)的指示功圖活塞力 切向力數(shù)據(jù)角度弧度氣體力蓋1氣體力蓋2氣體力軸1氣體力軸2摩擦力1摩擦力200-107.633-77.15813.48342.991900100.174533-94.5483-71.857514.8033646.949191.0351.036200.349066-68.7338-59.41615.3229448.493121.0351.036300.523599-46.5692-45.87

10、4416.2345951.184411.0351.036400.698132-36.7264-34.626817.6138255.214241.0351.036500.872665-34.9374-26.301319.5819260.880641.0351.036601.047198-34.9374-20.395522.3259768.624221.0351.036701.22173-34.9374-18.441826.1323579.082261.0351.036801.396263-34.9374-18.441831.4435393.168171.0351.036901.570796-34

11、.9374-18.441838.9554112.18331.0351.0361001.745329-34.9374-18.441849.78745129.53021.0351.0361101.919862-34.9374-18.441855.107138.68531.0351.0361202.094395-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361302.268928-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361402.443461-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361502.617

12、994-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361602.792527-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361702.96706-34.9374-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.0361803.141593-34.9374-18.441855.107139.503001903.316126-38.247-20.093648.99303132.5857-1.035-1.0362003.490658-39.1741-20.553836.25935115.0567-1.035-1.0362103.665

13、191-40.7951-21.35624.6481893.55904-1.035-1.0362203.839724-43.2352-22.557416.5442873.36202-1.035-1.0362304.014257-46.6954-24.24913.48356.76922-1.035-1.0362404.18879-51.4857-26.56813.48345.91191-1.035-1.0362504.363323-58.081-29.719213.48342.9919-1.035-1.0362604.537856-67.2167-34.008713.48342.9919-1.03

14、5-1.0362704.712389-80.056-39.898113.48342.9919-1.035-1.0362804.886922-90.9679-48.091513.48342.9919-1.035-1.0362905.061455-101.865-59.669213.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363005.235988-107.633-76.277413.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363105.410521-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363205.585054-107.633-77.15813.48342.

15、9919-1.035-1.0363305.759586-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363405.934119-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363506.108652-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.0363606.283185-107.633-77.15813.48342.991900角度慣性力1慣性力2活塞力1活塞力2切向力1切向力2017.547616.1172-76.6024-18.0489001017.1490715.75116-61.5609-8.12

16、115-12.9491-1.708262015.981514.67876-36.39444.79188-14.96781.9707413014.1261912.97469-15.173419.3207-9.0110811.474034011.7097210.7552-6.3678632.37864-4.7781324.29533508.8916328.166827-5.4288543.78217-4.7474738.28703605.84925.3724-5.7272354.63712-5.5103452.56802702.7609872.535924-5.0090664.21238-5.06

17、65664.9494480-0.20897-0.19193-2.6678475.57044-2.7296377.3209290-2.9246-2.68622.128492.09132.128492.0913100-5.28748-4.8564710.59757107.267910.03009101.5239110-7.24173-6.6514213.96287114.628112.1184799.4865120-8.7738-8.058612.4308114.03869.5707387.80067130-9.90733-9.0997311.29727112.99757.42907974.307

18、11140-10.694-9.8222910.51058112.27495.62552260.09228150-11.2016-10.288510.00301111.80874.06249945.40861160-11.5008-10.56339.703848111.53392.64695330.4235170-11.6526-10.70289.551981111.39441.30814315.25546180-11.6984-10.74488.4712110.316400190-11.6526-10.7028-1.94159100.75330.2659-13.7982200-11.5008-

19、10.5633-15.450582.903644.214486-22.6139210-11.2016-10.2885-28.383560.8785511.52733-24.7245220-10.694-9.82229-38.419939.9463320.56329-21.3803230-9.90734-9.09973-44.154722.3844929.03614-14.72240-8.7738-8.0586-47.811510.2493136.81106-7.89115250-7.24173-6.65142-52.87475.58527845.89034-4.8475260-5.28748-

20、4.85647-60.05623.09072856.84029-2.92523270-2.9246-2.6862-70.5326-0.628470.53260.628401280-0.20897-0.19193-78.7289-6.3275380.552516.4741032902.7609852.535923-86.656-15.177487.6506915.351593005.8491985.372399-89.3358-28.949185.9526827.852813108.891638.166825-86.2934-27.035375.4626223.6420632011.709721

21、0.7552-83.4753-24.446962.6357518.3437633014.1261912.97469-81.0588-22.227448.138613.2002534015.981514.67876-79.2035-20.523332.573788.44057235017.1490715.75115-78.0359-19.450916.414594.0914436017.547616.1172-76.6024-18.048900氣體力數(shù)據(jù)度數(shù)P1蓋P0P4蓋A1A14A4A000.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002830.1745330.538620.

22、114.282840.0880.08750.003320.002830.3490660.3800760.110.685890.0880.08750.003320.002830.5235990.252280.17.377910.0880.08750.003320.002830.6981320.1704460.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002830.8726650.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.0471980.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.221730.150.16.570.0880.087

23、50.003320.002831.3962630.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.5707960.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.7453290.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002831.9198620.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.0943950.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.2689280.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.4434610.150.16.570.

24、0880.08750.003320.002832.6179940.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.7925270.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002832.967060.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002833.1415930.150.16.570.0880.08750.003320.002833.3161260.16440.17.1873570.0880.08750.003320.002833.4906580.168440.17.3601180.0880.08750.003320.002833

25、.6651910.1755110.17.6620070.0880.08750.003320.002833.8397240.1861710.18.1160250.0880.08750.003320.002834.0142570.2013210.18.7589860.0880.08750.003320.002834.188790.2223580.19.6474110.0880.08750.003320.002834.3633230.2514410.110.867430.0880.08750.003320.002834.5378560.2919540.112.551440.0880.08750.00

26、3320.002834.7123890.3493240.114.906660.0880.08750.003320.002834.8869220.4325480.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.0614550.5570870.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.2359880.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.4105210.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.5850540.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002835.7595860.6230.11

27、60.0880.08750.003320.002835.9341190.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002836.1086520.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.002836.2831850.6230.1160.0880.08750.003320.00283xFg蓋1Fg軸1Fg1p1軸p4軸x軸0-107.63313.483-94.149500.156.570.30.002701-94.548314.80336-79.7449100.1650047.2131940.2972990.010686-68.733815.32294-53.4108

28、200.1709087.4655610.2893140.023605-46.569216.23459-30.3346300.1812687.9073650.2763950.040902-36.726417.61382-19.1126400.1969418.5733720.2590980.061846-34.937419.58192-15.3555500.2193069.5188230.2381540.085579-34.937422.32597-12.6114600.25048810.827590.2144210.11117-34.937426.13235-8.80505700.2937431

29、2.62540.188830.137664-34.937431.44353-3.49387800.35409715.10110.1623360.164142-34.937438.95544.018003900.439459160.1358580.189758-34.937449.7874514.850051000.562551160.1102420.213776-34.937455.10720.16961100.623160.0862240.235579-34.937455.10720.16961200.623160.0644210.254682-34.937455.10720.16961300.623160.0453180.270715-34.937455.10720.16961400.623160.0292850.283412-34.937455.10720.16961500.623160.0165880.292593-34.937455.10720.16961600.623160.0074070.298143-34.937455.10720.16961700