語(yǔ)法專題突破-名詞

1、專題一 名詞,語(yǔ)法專題突破,考點(diǎn)精析 考點(diǎn)一 名詞詞義辨析 語(yǔ)境辨析 分析河南中招近五年單項(xiàng)選擇和完形填空，名詞辨析側(cè)重于對(duì)語(yǔ)境辨析的考查，同時(shí)較少涉及對(duì)單復(fù)數(shù)的綜合考查。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，首先應(yīng)讀,懂句意，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息，并分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意思，結(jié)合日常生活的常識(shí)及語(yǔ)境，即可選出正確答案,近義詞辨析 中招除了考查語(yǔ)境辨析外，也會(huì)結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查近義詞辨析，常見(jiàn)的近義詞辨析有： message，news與information voice，noise與sound family，home與house (4) work與job (5) road, street, way與path (6) habi

2、t 與 hobby,8) some time，sometime， sometimes ，some times (9) problem與question (10) photo與picture (11) advice與suggestion (12) people，person與human (13) tour，trip，journey與travel,命題點(diǎn)二 名詞的數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：表示單一概念時(shí)用單數(shù)形式，并用a或an修飾；表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的概念時(shí)就用復(fù)數(shù)形式，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化,1. 可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化表,2. 可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化表,1)某國(guó)

3、人變復(fù)數(shù) 中國(guó)人a ChineseChinese 英國(guó)人 an EnglishmanEnglishmen 阿拉伯人 an ArabArabs 可用口訣記憶這一點(diǎn)，即中日不變英法變，其余s加后面,不可數(shù)名詞 1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能用a或an修飾。常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞如下表所示,2. 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞易混歸納 英語(yǔ)中有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞，也是不可數(shù)名詞。常見(jiàn)的如,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞運(yùn)用口訣 可數(shù)不可數(shù)好分辨，名詞所示物分兩半。 如每半不能叫原名，那該詞可數(shù)最公平。 每半還能把原名叫，不可數(shù)名詞就遇到。 有的名詞是兩面堵，亦變不可數(shù)為可數(shù),如：bike（自行車），

4、若把一輛自行車分成兩半，每半只能叫自行車的一部分，不能再叫自行車，所以bike是可數(shù)名詞。 orange（橘汁），如果把一瓶橘汁分成兩瓶，每瓶還可以叫橘汁，所以orange（橘汁）為不可數(shù)名詞；但意為“橘子”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞,名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的單復(fù)數(shù) 名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外： 1.用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。如： sports meeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì); students reading-room學(xué)生閱覽室; talks table談判桌 2. man, woman, gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如： men workers男工人; women teachers

5、女教師; gentlemen officials男性官員 3. “數(shù)詞+名詞”作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保持單數(shù)形式。如：a seven-year-old boy一個(gè)七歲的男孩,命題點(diǎn)三 名詞所有格(2012年75題,特別提醒：表示“商鋪”“某某家”“診所”“辦公室”的名詞所有格時(shí)，一般省去被修飾的表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。如： at the doctors在診所 go to my uncles去我叔叔家 of所有格 1. 表示無(wú)生命事物的名詞一般用of所有格。如： a leg of a table一張桌子的一條腿,2. of所有格有時(shí)也可以用于人或有生命的東西表示所屬關(guān)系，特別是當(dāng)這些所有者有較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)

6、。如： the name of the brave young man這個(gè)勇敢的年輕人的名字 特別提醒：有的名詞所有格可以用兩種方法表示。如： the story of Sun Yang=Sun Yangs story孫楊的故事,3. 表示某物的一部分或抽象概念，如：the top of the house房屋頂部 雙重所有格 雙重所有格主要表示整體中的一部分，有兩種形式： 1. of+名詞s。如： a photo of my brothers我弟弟的一張照片 2. of+名詞性物主代詞。如： a new friend of mine我的一個(gè)新朋友,特別提醒：雙重所有格和一般所有格意義不同。如

7、：a photo of Marys(照片屬于瑪麗，但照片上的人不一定是瑪麗)；a photo of Mary(照片上的人是瑪麗本人,1. The student didnt find much _ about the topic on that website. A. report B. article C. information D. story,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：在那個(gè)網(wǎng)站上學(xué)生們找不到很多關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的_。report 報(bào)告，是可數(shù)名詞；article 文章，是可數(shù)名詞; information 信息, 是不可數(shù)名詞；story 故事，是可數(shù)名詞。much修飾不

8、可數(shù)名詞, 故選C,2. I am sure that Cindy will be able to find the hotel because she has a pretty good _of direction. A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense,解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意: 我肯定辛迪能夠找到酒店, 因?yàn)樗泻芎玫姆较騙。idea主意；feeling感覺(jué)；experience經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn); sense感覺(jué)。a sense of direction方向感。故選D,3. Mr. Li isnt in now. Would you like

9、leave a _? A. message B. information C. news D. magazine,解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：李先生現(xiàn)在不在，你愿意留個(gè) ？message消息，口信，可數(shù)名詞；information信息，不可數(shù)名詞；news新聞,不可數(shù)名詞；magazine雜志，可數(shù)名詞。leave a message留口信，故選A,4. Its kind of you to offer your _ to the old in the bus. A. seat B. space C. place D. room,解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：在公交車上，把你的 讓給老人是

10、友善的。seat 座位；space 太空，空間；place 地點(diǎn)；room 房間，空間。由關(guān)鍵詞in the bus，可知應(yīng)該是在公交車上把自己的座位讓給老人。故選A,5. _ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone on business. A. Jack and Mikes B. Jacks and Mikes C. Jack and Mike D. Jacks and Mike,解析】考查名詞所有格的用法。句意： 的爸爸不能去開(kāi)班會(huì)，因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)去出差了。如果表示兩個(gè)人共同的父親時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)人名上用所有格形

11、式；如果表示各自的父親，那么每一個(gè)人名都要用所有格形式。根據(jù)they可知此處指杰克和麥克各自的父親。故選B,單選,1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _. A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys 2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner 3You lo

12、oked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once,4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5Mike hurt one of h

13、is _ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears,7In England, the last name is the _ . A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name 8The are going to fly _ to Beijing. A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans

14、 9The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch 10The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths,11Whats your _ for being late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news 12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think we should

15、 let _ go out first. A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children 13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop. - Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING,14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ? A. Childrens Day

16、 B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 15Where are the students? Are they in _ ? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room,1. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor ( ) 2. There are many on the mountain. A

17、. apple tree B. apples trees C. apples tree D. apple trees ( ) 3. This is _bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes,) 4. -Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep ( ) 5. -What w

18、ould you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea D. cakes ( ) 6. - They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters,) 7. Mike hurt one of his _in the accid

19、ent yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear ( )8. There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears ( )9. There are many _ in the city. A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans ( )10. The_ has two _ . boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch,根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語(yǔ)注釋，寫(xiě)

20、出所缺單詞,1. Weve got a lot of new _(雜志) in our school library. 2. Please turn to another _（頻道）, I dont like this show. 3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather. .4. Autumn is my favourite(季節(jié)) 5. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three,6. _ are widely used in the modern world.

21、 7. June 1stis _(兒童) Day. 8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you. 9. -Does this piece of _(音樂(lè)) sound nice? -Yes. Its wonderful! 10. May 12this the International _(護(hù)士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work,根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞,1. “Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.” 2. How many d_ does your uncle have? 3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside. 4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_. 5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world,