中考英語 閱讀理解題材Topic 8 天氣與自然.doc

1、Topic Eight Weather and Nature 天氣與自然 話說中考 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，社會(huì)和諧已提上日程，天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成為人們關(guān)注的話題之一。此類話題多是說明文和議論文。這就要求我們了解說明文和議論文的特點(diǎn)，這樣才能對(duì)問題進(jìn)一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。 解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行歸納整合 走進(jìn)中考(湖北襄樊2010) Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the yearWhen

2、 an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do Do NOT go outsideYou could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildingsIf you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(輸電線) Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furnitureHold on to itOr stay in a corner o

3、f the buildingCover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothingStay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt youMost people get

4、injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself Also keep away from a fireYou could fall down and burn yourself on the fire If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if its safeStay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and dont drive near bridgesTry no

5、t to stop by power lines or treesThese could fall and hurt you 閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1It isnt safe for you to _ while the earthquake is happening Arun out of the building Bstay in a corner of the building Ccover your head with your arms Dcover your mouth with a towel ( ) 2From this passage，we know

6、_ Amany people fear earthquakes Bearthquakes maybe happen at any time Cwe cant save ourselves in an earthquake Dpeople never get injured in earthquakes ( ) 3The best title for this passage should be _ AHow Earthquakes Happen BHow to Drive a Car CWhat We Should Do in Earthquakes DWhy Earthquakes Happ

7、en 解析 1A BCD 三項(xiàng)在第三段可找到答案；根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知 A 項(xiàng)的做法是不安全的，故正確答案為 A。 2B 根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生，故 B 項(xiàng)為正確答案。 3C 通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發(fā)生地震時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為 C。 話題專練一 Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earthWhen some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happensMany earthquakes begin under the seaThe

8、y often happen near the mountains，too During an earthquake，the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(斷裂) openHouses fall，people are killed or hurt，and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied

9、earthquakes and made maps that show the earthquake beltsIn areas in these belts，its possible for earthquakes to happenIn these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes In the future，scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happenThey ca

10、n also tell people what to do and how to do it 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1The reason for an earthquake is _ Athat there are so many plates on the earth Bthat the sea is too deep Crocks cracking open ( ) 2A lot of earthquakes often happens _ Ain the area Bnext to mountains Cat night ( ) 3A map showing the e

11、arthquake belts will tell people _ Awhat kind of houses to build Bwhat kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake Cwhere earthquake may happen ( ) 4Which is Not True according to the passage? ADuring an earthquake people are killed or hurt BThe scientists can tell when and where an earthquake is no

12、w Cwe should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes ( ) 5In the future，well be no longer so afraid of earthquakes _ Awith the help of scientists exact prediction Bbecause of a map showing the earthquake beltsCbecause we can guess the date and place of earthquakes答案：1A 根據(jù)文章第一段中“When some pl

13、ates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens可知，地球是由許多板塊構(gòu)成的，板塊的移動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了地震，所以根源在板塊。2B 根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，地震常發(fā)生在山脈附近。3C 根據(jù)短文第三段內(nèi)容可知，地圖將告訴我們地震帶常發(fā)生地震。4B 根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可知，專家預(yù)測(cè)將來能判定地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，而不是現(xiàn)在。5A 根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)出專家能預(yù)測(cè)地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，所以我們不必?fù)?dān)心將來發(fā)生地震。二 Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a s

14、mall glass house Greenhouses are used to grow plants，especially in winterGreenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun，the glass panels(板) of the greenhouse let light in，but keep heat from escapingThis causes the greenhouse to heat up，much like the inside of the parked in sunlight，and keeps the pla

15、nts warm enough to live in winter The earths atmosphere(大氣) is all around usIt is the air that we breatheGreenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panels in a greenhouseSunlight enters the Earths atmosphere，passing through the blanket of greenhouse gasesAs it reaches the Earths s

16、urface，land，water，and biosphere(生物圈)，they take up the sunlights energyOnce the heat is taken up，this energy is sent back into the atmosphereSome of the energy passes back into space，but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases，causing our world to heat up The greenhouse e

17、ffect is importantWithout the greenhouse effect，the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to liveBut if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger，it could make the earth warmer than usualEven a little extra warming may bring problems to humans，plants，and animals 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。 1What are greenhouses

18、 used for? _ 2Why is the temperature in the greenhouse higher than that outside? _ 3What behaves much like the glass panels in a greenhouse? _ 4If we didnt have the greenhouse effect，what would happen? _ 5What does the article mainly tell us?_答案：1They are used for growing plants答案來自第二段的第一句。2根據(jù)短文第二段中

19、溫室效應(yīng)的工作原理可知，答案是 Because the glass panels of the greenhouse can let light in，and keep heat from escaping3根據(jù)短文第三段的“much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases”可知，溫室塑料板的作用像空中大氣層的作用，即答案是 Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere4根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有大氣層的溫室效應(yīng)，人類就不能生存，即答案為 Humans couldnt live

20、because the earth would not be warm enough5根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，主要是溫室效應(yīng)及對(duì)人類的影響，所以答案為 It mainly tells us what the greenhouse effect is and its influence三 No one can change the weatherBut if read the signs correctly around us，we can know how the weather will beThis way of telling what the weather will be like on

21、the following day or two is called weather forecastingFor many centuries and in all countries，people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecastingRings around the sun are a sign of coming rainMany people feel in their bones the coming of wet weatherTheir joints(關(guān)節(jié)) acheSome birds fl

22、y high if the fine weather is coming，but they fly near ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the wayIt is probably because of the insects which they are hunting fly lowIf you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fineSuch rainbows come in the even

23、ingIf the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continueIf a fog appears in the evening just above a river，then the day will be warmIf the sunset is mostly red in color，then the morning，rainy weather will probably comeMost of the above sayings have been made by the people who have us

24、ed their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1Peoples joints ache _ Ais a sign of coming rain Bbecause they are ill Cwithout any reason Dbecause of the insects ( ) 2Which is true about weather forecasting? AWeather forecasting is a report about the weather on the following

25、 day or two BWeather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like CPeople can change the weather forecasting DWeather forecasting is a sign of coming rain ( ) 3The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly is a sign that the weather will _ Abe rainy Bbe warm Ccontinue clear and f

26、ine Dbe cold ( ) 4A rainbow during rainy weather is a _ of the fine weather Asign Bway Cmethod Droad ( ) 5We must _ to make weather forecasting Ause our eyes and brains Bstudy the weather hard Cread the weather hardDall of the above答案：1A 根據(jù)短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather

27、可知，人們的一些關(guān)節(jié)疼痛是雨天來臨的標(biāo)志。2B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)是對(duì)未來幾天的預(yù)測(cè)；不是對(duì)天氣的報(bào)道，也不是雨天的標(biāo)志，即排除 A、D；根據(jù)短文第一句可知“人們更不能改變天氣”排除 C，所以答案是 B。3C 根據(jù)短文中 Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming，和 If the stars twinkle clearly at night，then fine weather will continue可知，鳥兒飛的高和夜晚星光燦爛是天氣晴朗、溫度適宜的象征。4A 根據(jù)短文中 If you see a rainbow durin

28、g rainy weather，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine可知，雨后彩虹是天氣晴朗的標(biāo)志。5D 從整篇文章來看，對(duì)天氣的了解不僅靠人們的眼睛和大腦，還要繼續(xù)多觀察和研究，所以選 D。四 Green is more than just a colorIt also means taking special steps to protect the environment the water，the land，and the air we breatheWhat can you do? Heres one o

29、f the guides to being green： Sometimes people call our society a throwaway societyThat means that were a little willing to throw away old things and buy new thingsMany times，even if you no longer need something，someone else just mightFor example，if your baby brother doesnt want his plastic basketbal

30、l hoop(籃筐)，why not give it to another family who has a little kid? Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have： Use rechargeable(可再充電的) batteries for your laptops，MP3 players，cell phones，and digital cameras Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable(一次性的) paper or plastic cups Take

31、your own bags when you go to the grocery store Drink tap water instead of buying bottled waterIf you dont like how your tap water tastes，a low-cost filtration(過濾) system could make a differenceGet a reusable water bottle so you can take it with you Organize an exchange among your friendsWhat can you

32、 exchange? Books，toys，even clothesIts a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing lots of things away 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成句子。 1Green is not only a color but also means _ 2If your brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop，you can _ 3You should _ instead of dispo

33、sable paper or plastic cups 4You can exchange _ with your friends5The article mainly tells us _答案：1根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，綠色不僅是一種顏色，還是環(huán)保的一種標(biāo)志，即答案為 taking special steps to protect the environment。2根據(jù)短文中“if your baby brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop(籃筐)，why not give it to another family who has a

34、little kid?”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送給別的小孩子，即答案為 give if to another family who has a little kid。3根據(jù)短文中第二條建議可知，我們可以用個(gè)人專用杯來代替一次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是 choose reusable travel cups。4根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可知，可交換的東西有 books，toys，and clothes。5通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要告訴我們，生活中如何環(huán)保，所以答案是 how to protect our environment in our lives。五 There are some easy thi

35、ngs you can do to protect the environment and the earthChoose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own Plant flowers，grass or trees Whenever you visit a park or a beach，take away what you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it into a dustbin Turn off the lights，TV se

36、ts when you leave a roomThis saves a lot of electricity Turn off the tap when you brush your teethYou can save some water by not letting it runAlso，use a glass or cup instead of a paper one because this saves paper Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in Give your old books a

37、nd magazines to a library instead of throwing them away Give your clothes to poor children instead of throwing them away Use both sides of paper Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth If everyone make

38、s contribution to protect the environment，the world will become much more beautiful 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1From the above，we know that the passage is _ Aan ad Ba proposal(建議) Ca sign Da notice ( ) 2The writer mainly tells us _ Ato pour dirty water into the rivers Bto throw rubbish into a dustbin Cto sa

39、ve water by turning on the tap while brushing our teeth Dthat we cant do all these things every day ( ) 3We can _ to save paper Ause both sides of paper Bpick up waste paper at school Cuse a paper cup Dgive old toys to poor children ( ) 4Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer? ATurn

40、 off the lights when you leave a room BClose the doors and windows in winter CUse a paper cup when you brush your teeth DGive your old clothes to the poor children ( ) 5The title of this passage is _ ASave Water and Electricity BProtect the Earth CMake Better Use of Old ThingsDSave Money答案：1B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容

41、可知這是一則倡議書。2B 由“.you can put it into a dustbin”可知答案。3A 由第八條建議可知答案是 use both sides of paper。4C 由第四條建議 use a glass or cup instead of a paper one 可知，答案是 C。5B 根據(jù)短文大意可知是談?wù)摫Ｗo(hù)地球。六 How many plastic bags do you use every day? Is there any chance for us to live without them? What can we do to have less plastic

42、 pollution? A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives In front of a supermarket in Hangzhou，five volunteers wore white plastic bags and walked around and through the crowdThe performance called on people to use more cloth bags instead of plastic

43、 ones Some of the plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers(顧客) in two food markets and the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary school On that day，when leaving the food markets，customers were told to hand over unnecessary plastic shopping bagsSeveral hundre

44、d plastic bags were collected in two hours If we do nothing about it，the earth will be eaten up by white pollutionAnd humans will become plastic men， said one of the performers How can you breathe in so many plastic bags? A middle-aged woman asked one performerHow can the earth breathe if there are

45、too many plastic bags? the performer answered Starting from June last year，plastic bags were no longer given for free in supermarkets，shopping malls or food markets all over the country People are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopping 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1Since June last year people shoul

46、d _ plastic bags all over the country Apay for Bget Cuse as many as Dstop using ( ) 2A performance took place in _ Aa supermarket Ba plastic bag shop CHangzhou Da school ( ) 3 Why did the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around? They wanted _ Ato ask people to overuse plastics Bto invite

47、people to go to the supermarket Cto give people more bags Dto persuade people not to use plastic bags ( ) 4If we dont do something against the pollution，humans _ Awill be polluted Bwill become plastic men Cwont be comfortable Dwill be plastic ones ( ) 5The main idea of this passage is about _ pollut

48、ionAwhite Bair Cwater Dlight答案：1A 文章中講到自 2008 年 6 月 1 日起，為減少白色污染的泛濫而有償使用塑料袋，而不是禁止使用。2C 根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives”可知，這個(gè)演出活動(dòng)在杭州舉行。3D 根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知他們的目的是號(hào)召人們用布袋代替塑料袋。4B 根據(jù)笫五段主要介紹如果我們?nèi)祟愒俨蛔鲂┦虑橹浦拱咨廴?，那么地球有一天?huì)被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也

49、會(huì)被污染成 plastic men。5A 由短文內(nèi)容可知文章主旨是有關(guān)白色污染的。七 What would you do if you were the mayor(市長(zhǎng)) of your city? We asked some students from different citiesHere are what they said： Deng Chuan，15，from Dazhou With the development of modern industry(工業(yè))，more and more waste water is being poured into the Zhouhe Ri

50、verIt has caused serious pollutionThe river is becoming so dirty that few living things can live in itSo，if I were the mayor，I would order all the factories that pour the waste water into the river to close downAs we all know，water is the source(根源) of our livesIt is very important to protect water

51、Zhang Yan，14，from Chengdu Our city is more and more beautifulBut sometimes its not convenient for the blindThere are not enough pavements(人行道) in our citySome of the old ones are brokenThey may not be safe to walk on! If I were the mayor of our city，I would build more pavements for the blind Wang Li

52、li，16，from Chongqing There are more and more old people in our cityAnd there are not enough places for them to relax and enjoy themselvesSo，if I were the mayor，I would build an activity center in each residential(住宅) area for the oldSo old people can play cards or chessThis will make old people not

53、feel lonely any more and spend remaining years comfortably 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。 ( ) 1What does Deng Chuan care for? Awater pollution BAir pollution CPavements for the blind DActivity centers for the old ( ) 2Whos the youngest of the three students? ADeng Chuan BZhang Yan CWang Lili DI dont know ( ) 3What does the underlined word convenient mean in Chinese? A方便的 B簡(jiǎn)單的 C便宜的 D具有吸引力的 ( ) 4Where is Wang Lili from? ADazhou BChengdu CChongqing DZhouhe ( ) 5Which of the following is FALSE? AIts very im