牛津英語(yǔ)7B-Unit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理和拓展

1、 牛津英語(yǔ)7B Unit6知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及拓展 1. outdoor fun戶外趣事 (1).同義詞為outside(外部的) 反義詞 indoor室內(nèi)的拓展outdoor常構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)：outdoor activities 室外活動(dòng) outdoor life 野外生活 outdoor exercises 戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)(2).fun 的短語(yǔ)：have fun doing sth. tell funny jokes2. Hurry up, Eddie.趕快，埃迪?？键c(diǎn)： 掌握hurry作名詞與動(dòng)詞在句中的轉(zhuǎn)換。 hurry 此處用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“匆忙;急 忙”。其過(guò)去式為hurried。(1) hu

2、rry to+地點(diǎn)”意為“急忙去某地”，(2) hurry to do sth.=do sth in a hurry意為“匆忙做某事”拓展 hurry也可用作名詞，意為“匆忙;急忙”in a hurry匆忙，急忙；in no hurry 不用著急，慢點(diǎn)3. complain too much 抱怨太多 拓展complain 的用法complain about sth. 抱怨某事； complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事complain to sb. of/ about sth.向某人抱怨某事練習(xí)：他經(jīng)常跟我抱怨。 He often _ me. 他對(duì)這家餐廳的食物不滿。

3、He _ the food in the restaurant. 拓展too much用法（1）后+ 不可數(shù)名詞，譯為“太多”；（2）修飾動(dòng)詞，放在被修飾詞后面區(qū)別：much too太修飾adj/adv 放在被修飾詞的前面too many太多修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),放在被修飾詞的前面助記too much, much too與too many ,too much, much too,用法區(qū)別看后頭。much后接不可數(shù)，too后則接形或副,too many要記住,其后名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。4.She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.她抬起

4、頭，看到了一只穿著外套的白色兔子走了過(guò)去?？键c(diǎn)：(1)by prep. 在旁邊，靠近 掌握其作不同詞性及不同搭配的用法。adv. 經(jīng)過(guò)(2) pass v 經(jīng)過(guò)，通過(guò) 辨析pass及past。（3）see sb doing sth 與see sb do sth 的用法拓展：(1)look up在句中意為“抬頭看；往上看”。look up還有“查閱”之意練習(xí)：:When meeting new words in the reading, you can _(查找) them in the dictionary. 拓展look構(gòu)成的其他常用短語(yǔ)：look over 查看；審閱look throug

5、h瀏覽look after照料；保管look out 當(dāng)心；留神look round/around環(huán)顧四周look down on/upon藐視；看不起(2) pass動(dòng)詞，意為“經(jīng)過(guò)”， 拓展pass作動(dòng)詞，還可表示“通過(guò)；度過(guò)”練習(xí)e.g: In the end, I _(not fail) the English exam.pass作動(dòng)詞，還可表示“傳，遞”，pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物傳給某人練習(xí)e.g:請(qǐng)把那個(gè)足球遞給王老師。Please _.拓展： pass away 過(guò)世；消磨掉(3) by副詞，意為“經(jīng)過(guò)”，常與動(dòng)詞go，walk，run等

6、連用拓展by還可作介詞，意為“靠近；在.旁邊；通過(guò)；被；經(jīng)由”She is reading the novel by the fire. 她在火爐旁讀小說(shuō)。A beautiful girl passed by me. 一個(gè)漂亮女孩從我身旁經(jīng)過(guò)。What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點(diǎn)了？I will go there by train. 我乘火車去那兒。I came in by the front window. 我是從前面窗戶進(jìn)來(lái)的。by 的短語(yǔ):by the way 順便說(shuō)一下 by oneself 獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立 one by one 一個(gè)接著一個(gè)(4 ) s

7、ee sb. doing sth. 意為“看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)看到的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.昨天六點(diǎn)我看見(jiàn)她正在公園里跳舞。拓展see sb. do sth.意為“看到某人做了或經(jīng)常做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)看到事情已經(jīng)結(jié)束或看到經(jīng)常性的行為。類似用法watch/ hear/ notice sb. do/ doing sthI often see her dance in the park.我經(jīng)?？匆?jiàn)她在公園里跳舞。練習(xí)：我剛才看到他在操場(chǎng)上打籃球. I _him _basketball on the playgro

8、und just now。我經(jīng)?？吹剿诓賵?chǎng)上打籃球。I often _ him _ basketball on the playground.（5）in介詞，此處意為“穿著:戴著”,In+顏色/衣服表示穿著什么顏色的衣服或穿著什么樣的衣服。練習(xí)：一個(gè)穿紅色連衣裙的女孩 a girl _ a red dress 5.How amazing多么令人詫異! how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 這是一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。how后接形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成的感嘆句的基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)為:How+形容詞/副詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!How beautiful the girl is!這個(gè)女孩真漂亮!How slowly the boy

9、 walks!這個(gè)男孩走得真慢!拓展由what引起的感嘆句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)為:What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!What a nice girl (she is) !(她是)多好的一個(gè)女孩啊!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)) !What cheap clothes (they are) !(它們是)多么便宜的衣服啊!What delicious food!多么美味的食物!6.Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground. Alice下落了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，然后她撞到了地面?？键c(diǎn)：fall vi

10、 落下，掉落，倒掌握f(shuō)all構(gòu)成的許多短語(yǔ)。hit vt. 到達(dá)；擊中，撞注意其過(guò)去式的拼寫(xiě)。(1)fall動(dòng)詞，意為“落下，掉落；倒下，跌落，”注意fall-fell -fallen 區(qū)別feel的過(guò)去式。拓展固定短語(yǔ)有：fall down掉下，摔下；fall off 掉下，跌落；fall behind落后，跟不上；fall over跌翻，摔倒fall asleep 睡著 fell into 掉入(2) hit動(dòng)詞，意為“擊中，撞”，后面直接接人或物作賓語(yǔ) 注意hithit-hit 提醒在表達(dá)“擊中”或“打了”某人某個(gè)部位時(shí)，英語(yǔ)用“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的介

11、詞有on，in。在臉、肚子等較柔軟的部位，用in；在頭、鼻子、背等較硬部位，用on練習(xí)e.g: She hit _(介詞) the face/_(介詞) the head.她打了他的臉/頭。拓展hit作動(dòng)詞，還可表示“襲擊，使.遭受”7.She found herself alone in a long, low hall.她發(fā)現(xiàn)她獨(dú)自一人在一個(gè)又長(zhǎng)又矮的大廳里。考點(diǎn)： alone adj. 獨(dú)自，單獨(dú) 辨析alone 及l(fā)onely。find+sb+adj 的用法(1) find herself alone為固定結(jié)構(gòu)“find+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”，表示“發(fā)覺(jué)某人/某物處于某種(意外的)狀態(tài)”；f

12、ind動(dòng)詞，還可意為“認(rèn)為，覺(jué)得”e.g: She find English _(easy, easily) to study.拓展類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：“keep/make/think.+賓語(yǔ)(it)+形容詞”練習(xí)：We all think _impossible to finish the work in two days.A. that B,it C.this D.one(2) alone形容詞，意為“獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)”，習(xí)慣上只用作表語(yǔ)，指客觀上獨(dú)自一人，相當(dāng)于by oneself或on ones own拓展alone作副詞，意為“單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自”注意和lonely 的區(qū)別e.g: The old ma

13、n lives in a small village _, but she doesnt feel _.一言辨異He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.他一個(gè)人生活，但是他并不感到孤獨(dú)。8.Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into it.然后Alice注意到了一個(gè)小門，并把鑰匙投了進(jìn)去。(1) notice動(dòng)詞，意為“注意，察覺(jué)”，后面直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)提醒notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事；notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做某事e.g:He

14、noticed a bird _(sing) in the tree.拓展 see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事；see sb. do sth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.聽(tīng)到某人正在做某事；hear sb. do sth聽(tīng)到某人做某事(2) o.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“把.放進(jìn).”，into介詞，意為“到.里面” 拓展put 與不同的介詞連用構(gòu)成不同的短語(yǔ)put away 放下,收起來(lái),把放在原位 put back 放在原處,推遲,延期put down 鎮(zhèn)壓,寫(xiě)下來(lái) put in 提交,申請(qǐng)put off 推遲,延期,打消,關(guān)上 put on

15、穿上,上演put out 撲滅,關(guān)燈,生產(chǎn),出版 put up 張貼,留某人過(guò)夜,建造put into use 投入使用9.Alice tried to go through the door，but she was too big.愛(ài)麗絲試圖穿過(guò)那扇門，可是她太大了。(1)try to do sth. 意為“設(shè)法/試圖做某事”，表示 想盡一切辦法把事情辦成。其否定形式為try not to do sth.,意為“設(shè)法/試圖不做某事”。The child tried to reach the top of the desk but he couldnt.那個(gè)孩子試圖夠到桌子的頂部，但是他不能。

16、拓展 try doing sth.意為“嘗試做某事”，表示只是一種嘗試,不一定付出很多努力。I tried making a cake but failed.我試著做蛋糕,但失敗了。(2 )go through意為 “通過(guò)”,指穿過(guò)隧道、窗戶、門、森林等。The dog cant go through the hole.這只狗不能從這個(gè)洞鉆過(guò)去。辨析: through, over與acrossthrough“穿過(guò),通過(guò)”指從某個(gè) 立體空間內(nèi)穿過(guò)over “越過(guò)跨越”從某物的正上方跨越across “穿過(guò)” 指從某個(gè)平面的一邊到另一邊Look! They are walking across t

17、he road. 看了他們正在過(guò)馬路。The little boy swam across the big river in the end. 小男孩最后游過(guò)了這條大河。 through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在立體空間，是從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，即穿過(guò)洞口、樹(shù)林等。如：He is walking through the forest. 他正穿過(guò)樹(shù)林。across through請(qǐng)看右圖： 10. The strange rabbit surprised Alice.=made Alice surprised. (adj) 這只奇怪的兔子令愛(ài)麗絲感到吃驚。surprise此處用作及物動(dòng)詞， 意為“使

18、吃驚，使措手不及”,其后常接人作賓語(yǔ)。The news surprised everyone.這條消息使每個(gè)人都很吃驚。拓展 surprise 還可用作名詞，意為“吃驚”。in surprise意為“吃驚地”.to ones surprise意為“使某人吃驚的是”。surprisevt.surprise sb.令某人驚訝surprising (adj) surprisedadj.be surprised at/be surprised to do例句：He looked at me in surprise.他吃驚地看著我。To our surprise, he passed the exam.

19、使我們吃驚的是，他通過(guò)了考試。11.used bamboo to make kites用竹子來(lái)制作風(fēng)箏use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事拓展used to do sth.過(guò)去常常做某事，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生或存在。提醒 易混淆的短語(yǔ)：used to do sth 過(guò)去常常做某事be used to do sth 被用來(lái)做某事be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事12.She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller. 她低頭看到自己的身體變得越來(lái)越小。(

20、1).become(v.)“開(kāi)始變得，變成”，后接形容詞或名詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。e.g: The sky becomes sunny. 拓展類似become的連系動(dòng)詞有：look, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。(2). smaller and smaller 越來(lái)越小。形容詞比較級(jí)，意思是“越來(lái)越” 多音節(jié)表達(dá)方式more and more +形容詞原級(jí)”.13. decide to enter the garden.決定進(jìn)入花園。(1) decide(v.)決定 decision (n) 決定 deci

21、de to do sth.=make a decision to do sth 決定做某事 提醒decide to do sth.否定式為decide not to do sth.，表示“決定不做某事”。練習(xí)： -Xiao fang, we decided _a picnic this weekend, will you join us? -Im afraid not, I have lots of homework _,A. to have; to do B.to have ;do C.having; to do D.having; doing (2) enter(v.)“進(jìn)入，加入”，后面

22、不能接介詞，相當(dāng)于come/go into。提醒enter的名詞為entrance，意為“進(jìn)入，入口處”，the entrance to .表示“的入口處”。14.Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key.愛(ài)麗絲只好回到桌子旁,不過(guò)她已經(jīng)太小，夠不到那把鑰匙了。(1)too. to.意為.而不能.” 其中，too后面接形容詞或副詞，to是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。too.for sb. to do sth.意為“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)，.而不能做某事”。Im too hungry to walk th

23、ere.我太餓了,走不到那里了。The bag of rice is too heavy for Tom to carry. Lets go and help him.這袋大米太重了， 湯姆扛不動(dòng)。我們過(guò)去幫幫他吧。拓展 too. to結(jié)構(gòu)可與not.enough to句式互相轉(zhuǎn)換，具體如下:Tom is too short to reach the key. Tom isnt tall enough to reach the key.湯姆太矮了，夠不到那把鑰匙。(2)reach及物動(dòng)詞， 意為“伸手(腳)夠到”。Little Jimmy cant reach the model plane

24、on the table. 小吉米夠不到桌子上的飛機(jī)模型。拓展 reach作及物動(dòng)詞，還可意為“到達(dá)”,其后直接跟地點(diǎn)。They reached Beijing yesterday.他們昨天到達(dá)了北京。語(yǔ)法分析一點(diǎn)通一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成如下表：動(dòng)詞肯定式否定式beI wasHe (She,It) wasWe(You, They) wereI was not (wasnt)He (She, It) was not (wasnt)We(You, They) were not (werent)workI(You , He She, It , We , You, They )worked.I (You

25、, she, It, We, You, They) did not (didnt ) work.there beThere wasThere wereThere was not (wasnt)There were not (werent)動(dòng)詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱beWas I?Yes, you were.No, you were not. Were you.?Yes, I was.No, I was not. Was he (she , it) .?Yes, he(she, it ) was.No, he(she, it) was not.Were we?Yes, we(you) were

26、.No, we (you) were not. Were you?Yes, we were.No, we were not. Were they?Yes, they were.No, they were not. 疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)workDid I work?Yes, you did. No, you did not. Did you work?Yes, I did.No, I did not.Did he (she , it) work?Yes, he (she, it) did.No, he (she, it)did not.Did we work ?Yes, we (you) did.N

27、o, we (you) did not.Did you work?Yes, we did.No, we did not.Did they work?Yes, they did.No, they did not.there beWas there a /any?Yes, there was.No, there was not.Were there any?Yes, there were.No, there were not.二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1用法區(qū)別：（1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常和often（常常），usually(通常)，always(總是),every day (每

28、天)， sometimes(有時(shí)) 等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6:00起床。（2）普通真理。如：The moon moves round the earth. 月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。（3）瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。如：My uncle leaves for Beijing tomorrow. 我叔叔明天要去北京。一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示：（1）過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如yesterday(昨天)， yesterday afternoon(昨天下午)， the day before yest

29、erday (前天), last night (昨夜)， last Saturday(上周午)， last week (上周)， last year (去年)， half an hour ago(半小時(shí)前)， a moment ago (不久前)， just now(剛才), two days ago (兩天前), in 1998等。如：I was ill yesterday. 我昨天生病了。（2）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。也可以和often(常常)，always(總是)等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I always went to school by bike last year我去年經(jīng)

30、常騎車上學(xué)。2結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+原形動(dòng)詞。要特別記住在單數(shù)第三人稱后動(dòng)詞加-s/-es。比較下列常用的三組結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)He is a teacher.He was a teacher.He is not a teacher.He was not a teacher.Is he a teacher ?Was he a teacher?Yes, he is.Yes, he was.No, he isnt.No, he wasnt.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)He has seafood for dinner sometimes He had seafood for dinner yesterday.He doesnt have seafood for dinner He didnt have seafood for dinnersometimes. yesterday.Does he have seafood for dinner some Did he have seafood for dinnertimes? yesterday.