跨文化交際試題

1、1. Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive ( 無處不在),they are. ( D )A. new tech no logy and in formati on systemB. cha nges in the world populati onC. a shift in the world economic arenaD. A, B and C2. Chas evolved that lets societies share cultural experie nces

2、 with one ano ther as films areproduced and show n around the world.A. Show bus in essB. I.T.C. intern ati onal film in dustry D. Mass media3. A in the Un ited States, because they have bee n profo un dly affected by populati on and immigrati on in creases, are a primary sett ing for domestic in ter

3、cultural con tact.A. SchoolsB. Commu nityC. WorkplaceD. club4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because_D.A. the complex n ature of com mun icati onB. the issue of inten tio nalityC. the issue of uninten ti on alityD. A, B and C5. To Reusch and Bates on, com mun ica

4、ti on ofte n takes place A .A. without aware ness B. con sciouslyC. i nten tio nallyD. deliberately6. Which of the statements of communication is not true? DA. Communication is dynamicB. Communication is symbolicC. Communication is InterpretiveD. Communication is static7. Communi cati on has a con s

5、eque nee means thatD.A. Communication is irreversibleB. Our response to message does not have to be immediateC. The n ature of our resp on ses to messages is rooted in our culture D. A, B and C8. Which of the item is not the basic comp onent of culture? CA. ValuesB. Emotio nsC. Perso nalityD. Attitu

6、des9. We lear n our culture not through _D.A. proverbsB. artC. mass mediaD. self-taught10. Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the _B of a culture resistsmajor alterati ons.A. historyB. the deep structureC. backgro undD. traditi on11. Cis at the core of in tercultural com muni ca

7、ti on.A. sen derB. receiverC. cultureD. la nguage12. Although cultures cha nge through several mecha ni sms, which of the follow ing item is not the three most com mon on es.CA. Diffusi onB. Acculturati onC. Inven ti onD. Inno vati on13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a n

8、ew Ianguage is learning theAandin which they are used.A. differe nt styles, the con textsB. grammar, acce ntC. differe nt styles, the speech actsD. vocabulary, the pronun ciati on14. Lan guage is accompa nied by a con ti nu ous flow of non verbal com muni cati on, which in volvesnot onlybut alsoand.

9、BA. the tone, gaze, postureB. the voice, the face, the bodyC. the pitch, gaze, gestureD. the pace, the dista nee, touch15. B_ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way thaten ables us to make sense of our physical and social world.A. In terpretati onB. Perceptio

10、 nC. An alysisD. Un dersta nding16. The maps are usually drawn by putting one s country in the center. This illustrates _B_.A. MisinterpretationB. Racial biasC. EthnocentrismD. Stereotype17. Many stereotypes are provided by the D.A. School educationB. TextbookC. HistoryD. Mass media18. Cultural brea

11、kdowns, setbacks or conflicts result from misinterpretations, ethnocentrism, and stereotype as a result of _A.A. MisperceptionB. Racial biasC. MisunderstandingD. False impression19. _C_ are defined as“an enduring set of beliefs that serve to guide or direct our behav.iorA. LawsB. Perceptions C. Valu

12、es D. World views20. Which of the statements about cultural values is not true?BA. Cultural values, as is the case with cultural beliefs, guide both perception and communication.B. Cultural values have nothing to do with individual values.C. Cultural values are prescriptive.D. Cultural values, once

13、formed, are enduring and relatively stable.21. Which of the countries doesn t belong to individualistic culture?DA. ItalyB. New ZealandC. FranceD. Greece22. In a high power distance culture, the superior tends toBA. treat employees respectfully B. display his authorityC. interact with workers more o

14、ften D. do important work23. Which of the statements about low uncertainty avoidance is not true? CA. Divers population. B. Frequent innovations.C. Generally older countries with a long history. D. Citizens are proud of nation.24. Which of the following countries or region of no feminine traits? DA.

15、 NorwayB. FinlandC. Denmark25. Language cultural reality. A B DA. ExpressesB. EmbodiesC. InfluencesD. AustriaD. Symbolizes culture.A. influenced, reflectsC. determined, reflectsB. displayed, influencesD. shaped, influences26. It is a universal truth that language is _A_ by culture and in turn it27.

16、Language is the _D representation of a people, and it comprises their historical andcultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.A. PrescriptiveB. AbstractC. SubstantialD. Symbolic28. Which of the contextual cues do not matter in a high-context culture

17、? B A. The type of relationship that exists between the speaker and the listener.B. The coded, explicit message.C. Age relative to the speaker and the listener.D. Where is the communication taking place?29. The low-context culture doesn t have which of the characteristics. CA. Tends to develop trans

18、itory personal relationship.B. Tends to use logic to present ideas.C. Tends to give simple, ambiguous, non-contexting messages.D. Values individualism.30. The following advantages of high-context culture don itnclude _B_ A. it saves us making many trivial decisions;B. it allows for great flexibility

19、, adaptability and originality;C. roles tend to be clear;D. group projects and team efforts tend to be practicable and effective.31. People from cultures that prefer“high involvement _”_A_s_ty_le_s_te_n. d toA. expect to be interruptedB. use polite listening soundC. give plenty of positive and respe

20、ctful responses to their conversation partnersD. speak one at a time32. People from “high considerateness” cultures are often thou_g_hBt_t_o_b_e_.A. loudB. passiveC. chatty D. pushy33. One way to determine whether a culture favors a direct or indirect style in communication is A.A. How they say,“No.

21、”C. How they teach people.34. In 2010, the Easter is on _AA. 4th, AprilB.5th, April35. Which of the communication style canA. ChineseB. JapaneseB. How they invite people.D. How they accept people.C. 2nd, AprilD. 6th, Apriltbe characterized as high considerateness? DC. Mainstream American D. RussianD

22、efine the following concept. (4 points for each of the 5 items)(1) Culture (第三章第十一頁)Accord ing to The Con cise Oxford Diction ary, culture is “ the arts and other mani festat表現(xiàn)()of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”.We define culture as “thedeposit of knowledge, experience, belief

23、s, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. ( ”文化是個人和群體在種族發(fā)展過程中所獲得的知識、經(jīng)驗、信仰、價值觀、行 為、態(tài)度、階級、宗教、時間觀、角色、空間觀、 宇宙觀

24、和藝術(shù)品的集合。第三章第十八頁)(2) Acculturation ( 融化、交流 )Acculturation: (第三章 26 頁)copying with a new culture. e.g. international immigrants.(3) Stereotype (第四章 36 頁刻板印象、定型、成見)Stereotype is an oversimplified opinion or uncritical judgment of others. It often involves assigning characteristics to individuals solely

25、 on the basis of their membership in a certain class or category.In intercultural communication, it means we apply a fixed and simple image to all members of a particular group or culture or we just use this image to stand for the entire collection of people from another culture.(4) Value (第五章第六頁)Al

26、though each of us has a unique set of individual values, there also are values that tend to permeate a culture. These are called cultural values.(5) Uncertainty avoidance (對不確定因素的回避程度第五章 21 頁) concerns the extent to which uncertainty and ambiguity are tolerated. It measures a nations tolerance for r

27、isk.high uncertainty avoidance culture:low uncertainty avoidance culture:(6) Communication (第二章第九頁)In our discussion, we define communication simply as a process of encoding and decoding(7) Innovation (第三章 26 頁)Innovation:the discovery of new practices, tools, or concepts that many members of the cu

28、lture eventually accept and that may produce slight changes in social habits and behaviors. E.g. television, computer, women s right movement.(8) Perception (認(rèn)識、感知 第四章 23 頁)Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data (what we see, hear, smell, feel or taste) in

29、a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world.(9) Ethnocentrism (民族中心主義 第四章 29 頁)A name for the view of things in which one s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.Or the idea, very often unconscious, that one s own cul

30、ture is superior to all others.In simple terms, it means judging things according to one s own cultural standards.所謂民族中心主義就是按照本族文化的觀念和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去理解和衡量他族文化中的一 切，包括人們的行為舉止、交際方式、社會習(xí)俗、管理模式以及價值觀念等。(10) Intercultural communication (第三章 29 頁)不同文化間的交流The implication to intercultural communication is when communicat

31、e we should take the sender or the receiver s extra dimension of cultural difference into consideration instead of dealing with the symbols in isolation.The content of intercultural communication (第一章 11 頁)Language Food social relations Dress concepts of the universe Attitude toward time views of su

32、fferingsWork habits appreciation of our likenesses Social behavior(11) Power distance (對權(quán)力距離的態(tài)度第五章 15 頁)It reflects attitude to status and measures how much a culture has respect for authority. Or it deals with the extent to which a society accepts power in relationships, institutions, etc.Once agai

33、n, cultures differ in how they think about the perquisites (好處、便利)ofpower, particularly legitimate power (French & Raven, 1959), or power based on the position a person holds in a hierarchy.People in cultures with a high power distance (Hofstede, 1980) believe that more powerful people must be defer

34、red to and not argued with, especially in public. Their status (based on age, seniority (資歷)，or position) gives them the right to tell others what to do, indeed, in work contexts; their subordinates assume that they will be told what to do by these people.For members of cultures with low power dista

35、nce, on the other hand, ideas areassumed to be equal, and people are expected to defend their ideas even against less powerful people. This leads to more deference being given to power based on knowledge and expertise, rather than status or position alone.(12) high-context (強交際環(huán)境 第六章 13 頁)High-conte

36、xt means that most of the information is either in the physical context or initialized in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message. (Hall, 1976, p 79).True or false.(1) (錯 ) Cultural generalizations must be viewed not as approximations (接近 )of reality,

37、 but as absolute representations.(2) ( 對 ) Domestic contacts are increasing because new immigrants and co-cultures are growing in numbers.(3) ( 錯 ) Our response to message has to be immediate.(4) ( 錯 ) It is always possible to share our feelings and experiences by means of direct mind-to-mind contac

38、t.(5) ( 對 ) Culture is a problem of nurture instead of nature, that is one s cultural patterns aacquired through learning or interacting, or they are determined by the environment within which we live.(6) ( 錯 ) Misinterpretations do result every time members from two cultures communicate.(7) ( 對 ) E

39、thnocentrism is usually learned at the conscious level.(8) ( 錯 ) Low uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to have a less efficient infrastructure than high uncertainty avoidance cultures.(9) ( 對 ) China, Korea, Japan, Latin America, and to a certain extent, France, are considered to be high-context c

40、ultures.(10) ( 錯 ) In the mainstream American culture, the ideal form of communication includes being direct rather than indirect.(11) (對 ) Communication is an activity that affects people and other people.(12) (對 )New technology, and growth in the world psopulation have contributed to increased int

41、ernational contacts.(13) ( 錯 ) All cultures use symbols, but they rarely assign their own meanings to them.(14) ( 錯 ) Communication can be retrieved.(15) ( 錯 ) Patterns of culture are inherent with individual, that is, they are genetically passed down from previous generations.(16) ( 錯 ) Perceptions

42、 for the same object, behavior or event are always universal.(17) ( 對 ) To understand other people we must go into their perceptual world and try to experience reality in the same manner as they do.(18) ( 對 ) The Arabic-speaking nations, Latin America, Russia, and nearly all of Asia (especially India and China) ar