2018年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題題型一完形填空課件

1、題型一 完形填空,【命題特點(diǎn)】 1. 首句完整, 線索清楚 第一句話就交代了人物的姓名、身份或事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn), 然后再介紹事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展, 最后得出結(jié)果或表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。(或采用倒敘的方式),2. 敘述靈活, 側(cè)重語境 文章以敘述為主, 絕大部分篇章是作者在描述事件, 較少加入作者的觀點(diǎn)或評(píng)論, 突出對(duì)語境的依賴性。,3. 實(shí)詞為主, 虛詞為輔 設(shè)題依賴于上下文語境, 選項(xiàng)一般集中在對(duì)動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞或副詞等實(shí)詞的考查上, 對(duì)介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞的考查相對(duì)較少。,4. 體裁固定, 題材多樣 以記敘文或夾敘夾議文為主, 選材注重原汁原味, 體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)“關(guān)注學(xué)生情感, 提高人文素質(zhì)”的

2、理念。,【命題趨勢(shì)】 1. 越來越降低了對(duì)單詞本身詞義及語法的考查。 2. 注重對(duì)上下文聯(lián)系的考查, 突出考查綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。 3. 注重考查學(xué)生對(duì)英語語言知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用。 4. 注重考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯運(yùn)用能力、邏輯分析能力和推理判斷能力。,5. 考查重點(diǎn)會(huì)向語言交際化、情景生活化、詞匯運(yùn)用靈活化的方向發(fā)展。,【解題思路】 1. 通讀全文, 掌握大意 通讀全文是做完形填空題必不可少的工作。在快速閱讀的過程中, 不要急于看選項(xiàng), 而要一口氣讀到底, 以求縱觀全文, 獲得對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的整體了解, 從而確定作者的寫作意圖并判斷自己的基本思路。尤其要認(rèn)真閱讀,全文的第一句, 因?yàn)榈谝痪渫?/p>

3、都是不留空白的完整句子, 通過認(rèn)真分析首句, 可發(fā)現(xiàn)首句多向讀者交待事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景、人物、起因等, 使讀者在下面的閱讀中有一個(gè)清晰的語境。,2. 精讀試填 依據(jù)文章的主干, 運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語法、詞匯知識(shí), 根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系, 加之初讀的印象和正確的英語語感, 運(yùn)用前面的解題方法, 將答案初步確定。精讀試填時(shí)要記住十二字方針“上下求索, 左右逢源, 瞻前顧后?！?3. 選填答案 在選填答案時(shí), 先確定選填順序。一般選擇最容易填的 作為突破口, 不一定按原序號(hào)選填。其次要確定解題重 點(diǎn)。一般情況下先考慮語意。若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思明顯 不同, 選擇語意與上下文吻合的選項(xiàng)即可。若四個(gè)選 項(xiàng)有語意明顯

4、不合文意的, 可先排除, 其余的語意接近, 且合文意, 則重點(diǎn)通過辨異來確定答案。若四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有一項(xiàng)能與空白處前后構(gòu)成習(xí)語。則解題重點(diǎn)為“習(xí)語”, 只要答案符合文意不用考慮其他選項(xiàng)。其次考慮語法結(jié)構(gòu), 若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)語意均合文意, 解題重點(diǎn)為結(jié)構(gòu), 可選擇結(jié)構(gòu)正確項(xiàng)。最后考慮邏輯關(guān)系和常識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)等因素。,4. 查錯(cuò)補(bǔ)漏 所有的題目做完以后, 有必要認(rèn)真細(xì)致地檢查一遍。檢查的方法通常是把答案放入文中閱讀, 看它們是否符合文意, 語意、結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯等是否正確, 以驗(yàn)證選項(xiàng), 查錯(cuò)補(bǔ)漏。不會(huì)或把握性不大的題目可以先跳過去, 但最好是先憑直覺猜測(cè)一個(gè)答案并作好記號(hào), 以便在時(shí)間充裕的情況下回過頭來再作推敲。

5、,【典例剖析】 技巧1利用上下文語境推斷句意來解題 在試題中, 如果脫離上下文語境, 每個(gè)選項(xiàng)放在空格處, 在語法、詞性、意義上可能都是正確的, 但是在上下文具體語境下, 正確的答案是唯一的。,【典例】 (2017巴中中考) Last year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like a bad 51. dream. The teacher 52. spoke so quickly that I didnt understand her most of the time. I was afraid 53. to ask qu

6、estions because of my54 pronunciation. I just hid behind my textbook and never,said 55. anything. 54. poorB. goodC. nice,【點(diǎn)撥】考查形容詞辨析和語境理解。poor差的; good好的; nice好的。句意: 我害怕問問題因?yàn)槲襙發(fā)音。由上文I didnt understand her most of the time可知我大部分時(shí)候不明白老師的話, 以及下文I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything. 我只是把

7、自己藏在教科書后從不說什么?？赏浦揪渚湟? 我害怕問問題是因?yàn)槲业陌l(fā)音差。故選A。,技巧2利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題 空格處正確的選項(xiàng), 會(huì)再次在短文中出現(xiàn), 可以結(jié)合上下文意及聯(lián)系確定選項(xiàng)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)包括詞匯前復(fù)現(xiàn)、詞匯后復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。復(fù)現(xiàn)的位置也各不相同, 有的緊接著出現(xiàn), 有的相隔幾句甚至是幾段復(fù)現(xiàn)。,【典例】 (2017河北中考) One thorn(刺)of experience is worth many times of warning.,Ralph Wick was seven years old. In most things he was a fin

8、e boy, but he would cry from time to time. When he could not have what he wanted, he would36for it. If he was told that it would hurt him, and he could not 37. have it, he would also cry. 36. A. runB. cryC. planD. call,【點(diǎn)撥】考查上下文的語境與動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。run跑; cry哭; plan計(jì)劃; call叫。根據(jù)上文句子In most things he was a fine

9、boy, but he would cry from time to time. 可知“在大多數(shù)事情上他是一個(gè)好孩子, 但是, 他偶爾哭泣?！苯Y(jié)合本句中的關(guān)鍵詞cry可推知下文會(huì)繼續(xù)復(fù)現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞。所以, 本句句意為: 當(dāng)他不能得到想要的東西時(shí), 他會(huì)哭著要。故選B。,技巧3利用固定搭配、固定句式及習(xí)慣表達(dá)解題 英語中的詞匯、短語的搭配是比較固定約定俗成的, 一些句型的用法也是固定的。因此, 只要能熟記這些用法, 就會(huì)輕松解答試題。,【典例】 (2017隨州中考) Mulin is a small boy from Hubei. He is a(n) 41.unlucky boy. His par

10、ents divorced(離婚)when he was two years old. He lived with his 42. father and grandmother43the age of 5, his father died of heart disease. He had to live with his grandmother.,Unfortunately, there was 44. something wrong with his grandmothers head. 43. A. AtB. InC. ForD. To,【點(diǎn)撥】考查固定搭配。句意: 在他5歲的時(shí)候, 他爸

11、爸死于心臟病。at the age of為固定搭配, 意為“在歲時(shí)”。故選A。,技巧4利用生活常識(shí)(經(jīng)驗(yàn))解題 生活常識(shí), 如天氣狀況、交通規(guī)則、人物的喜怒哀樂、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等也常作為命題的角度, 熟知這些內(nèi)容就會(huì)讓我們輕松解答這類試題。,【典例】 (2017益陽中考) Smiling is the best way of making friends. When I was thirteen31old, my father found a job in the city. So my family moved there. I also came to a(an) 32. new school

12、 near where we live. My old school was far away. At first, I did not know anyone in my class. 31. A. weeksB. monthsC. years,【點(diǎn)撥】考查名詞詞義辨析和生活常識(shí)。week周; month月; year年。句意: 當(dāng)我13_時(shí), 我爸爸在城市里找了一份工作。根據(jù)下文句子I also came to a(an)32. new school near where we live. 可知作者也來到了新學(xué)校。根據(jù)常識(shí), thirteen months和weeks還根本不能上學(xué), 只有

13、13 years才能上學(xué)。故選C。,技巧5利用邏輯推理關(guān)系來解題 完形填空的短文行文流暢, 邏輯關(guān)系密切、緊湊。對(duì)上下句或上下文之間的并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、讓步關(guān)系的考查, 也成為命題的一大角度。,【典例】 (2017攀枝花中考) We played together so well that I was very interested in 42. how she or he looked. Each time I thought about 43. our playing together, I would move my lip, completely unnoticeably.,Howev

14、er, I couldnt understand why the violinist next door never responded(回應(yīng))when I knocked on the door. I was terribly disappointed. A year later, I took part in a violin competition. 44. At the event, I made a new friend, 45. her name was Rita. “Lets welcome contestant number 10, Rita. ”the master of the ceremony announced.,This girl, who was my age, was deaf and dumb, 46she had played the violin for eight years! 46