動詞時態(tài)-教師版

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載第四章動詞時態(tài)現(xiàn)代英語語法將傳統(tǒng)語法所說的 “時態(tài) ”分成了兩部分：“時”是指謂語動詞發(fā)生或存在于不同時間的變化形式，于什么狀態(tài)的變化形式?！皶r”和“體”。而 “體”則指動作進行或處英語中動詞時態(tài)共 16 種，最常用的有 8 種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時。時時態(tài)現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來體一般do一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時進行be doing現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時完成have done現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時完成進行一、一般體（一）一般現(xiàn)在時動詞形式：be： am/is/aredo/does否定be： b

2、e + not ；實意動詞：借don t/doesn疑問be：提至句首實t意動詞：借do/does至句首I am a teacher.He is a teacher.They are teachers.I work in Beijing.She works in Beijing.They work in Beijing.1. 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：always usually often sometimes seldom never once a week， twice a month （用 how often 提問） every day(week, mo

3、nth, year)every other day(week, month, year)每隔一天every two days(weeks, months, years) 每隔兩天on(at) weekendson SundaysI often go to school by bike.2. 客觀事實，普遍真理。此用法即使出現(xiàn)在過去語境中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Shanghai lies in the east of China.The sun rises in the east.The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.3

4、. 說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征，能力職業(yè)及狀態(tài)等。She knows several languages.The soup tastes good.4. 格言和警句中。5. 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來用在時間、條件狀語從句中，表將來。（主將從現(xiàn)）We ll let you know as soon as you arrive.If it doesn，t rainwe ll go on a picnic as planned.6. 表示按時間表擬定的、安排好的活動。The train leaves Nanking at six and arrives in Beijing at eight.The final

5、exam takes place next month.The first class begins at 8 o clock.【注意】常用于這種情況的動詞有：come， go ， leave， return ， take place ，begin， start等，句中常有表示將來的時間狀語。（二）一般過去時動詞形式：be： was/weredid否定be： be + not ；疑問be：提至句首實意動詞：借didn t實意動詞：借did至句首I was a teacher.He was a teacher.They were teachers.I worked. He workedThey

6、worked.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。I received a strange phone call yesterday.時間狀語：ago / a moment ago /a few days ago /long long ago last night(week, month, year)yesterday / the day before yesterdayjust nowin 1990this morningthe other day 不久前的某一天in the old days 在過去的歲月里【注意】（ 1）過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，也可用 used t

7、o 或 would 加動詞原形來表達，意為：過去常常做某事或過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載I used to go fishing on Sundays.This river used to be clean.（ 2）常用一般過去時固定句式中It is time that sb did sth是某人該干的時候了would rather （ that ） sb did sth 寧愿某人去做某事if only sb did sth要是某人做某事就好了It s time that we studied harder.-Your father is in your office-I d ra

8、ther he came tomorrow.If only I were a bird.（三）一般將來時動詞形式：will/shall（用于第一人稱）+V-原形助動詞否定疑問助動詞will/shall + not助動詞will/shall提至句首I shall work.She will work.They will work.【注意】（ 1） will 可用來表示事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢Fish will die without water.（ 2）will ，shall 表示未事先思考或未計劃過的意圖。愿和觀點。will可表示說話人的主觀意時間狀語：I will answer the ph

9、one.I hope it will be warm tomorrow.tomorrowthe day after tomorrowtomorrow morning(afternoon, evening)next week(month, year)in+ 段時間(in two days 兩天后 )（用how soon多久之后)提問in the future未來this afternoon (evening, Sunday)from now onone day, someday從現(xiàn)在開始（未來的）某天soon只要是關(guān)于以后的都可以【注意】：this morning 過去式表示將來的五種常用非時態(tài)

10、方式（ 1） be going to+ V- 原形多用在口語中，表示計劃、打算或根據(jù)目前跡象推測很可能發(fā)生的事。We are going to have a meeting today.今天我們開會。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.要下雨了。（ 2） be about to do/be on the point of doing表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟具體時間狀語。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載We are about to leave. 我們馬上就走。（ 3） 現(xiàn)在進行時表將來（見現(xiàn)在進行時用法）（ 4）一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

11、（見一般現(xiàn)在時用法）（ 5） be to + V- 原形表示按約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)和要求必須去做的事情。The Queen is to visit Japan in a week. She is to be married next month.You are to report it to the police.（四）過去將來時動詞形式：would/should（用于第一人稱）+V- 原形助動詞否定疑問助動詞would/should + not助動詞would/should提至句首I should work.She would work.They would work.過去將來時表示從過去某一

12、時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He said that he would wait for me at the gate.【注意】過去將來時的其他表達方式與一般將來時一樣，去式。二、進行體（一）現(xiàn)在進行時動詞形式：am/is/are + doing只是有關(guān)動詞要改為過否定be： be + not ；疑問be：提至句首I am working.She is working.They are working.1.說話時正在發(fā)生的動作。時間狀語：now， at this moment ，句子之前有l(wèi)ook ！， listen ！也用現(xiàn)在進行時。They are having a football

13、 match . 他們正在賽足球。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你聽電話。2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，說話時未必在進行。時間狀語： this week/month/year ， these days， at present Peter is working on a new book about stories in school.3. 與 always， often ， constantly ， all the time 等連用表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。He is always thinking of others.

14、（贊揚）Why are you always coming late for school.（批評）4. 現(xiàn)在進行時表將來有些動詞（ come， go， arrive ， leave， stay 等）用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將要發(fā)生的計劃或安排好的事情。We are leaving for Beijing next week.【注意】有些動詞不用進行時態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載（ 1） 感官類： look ， smell ， feel， sound ， taste， see， hear 等 The soup tastes good.（不可說： The soup is tasting good. ）Your

15、hands feel cold. （不可說：Your hands is feeling cold. ）（ 2）情感類： like ， love ， prefer， hate， fear 等I love my dad and mum.( 不可說： I am loving my dad and mum.)（ 3）心態(tài)類： wish ， hope， want， believe ， think ， know ， need 等。I don t believe my eyes（.不可說： I am not believing my eyes. ）（ 4）表示存在狀態(tài)的詞： lie （位于）， belong

16、 to ， remain 等。Those books belong to Mr. Li.（不可說： Those books are belonging to Mr. Li.）（二）過去進行時動詞形式：was/were + doing否定be： be + not ；疑問be：提至句首I was working.She was working.They were working.1.表示過去某一時間正在進行的動作。時間狀語： at that time ，at that moment ，then，at five yesterday ，this time yesterday I was drawing

17、 a picture this time yesterday.When he called me ， I was having dinner.I was washing the dishes while mother was cleaning the table.2. 表示在過去某一時間段內(nèi)進行的動作時間狀語：the whole morning ， from two to four yesterday afternoon.I was tidying my bedroom the whole morning.We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.三、完成體（一）現(xiàn)在完成時動詞形式：have/has done（助動詞）否定疑問助動詞have/has + not助動詞have/has提至句首I have worked.He has worked.They have worked.1. 強調(diào)不久前完成的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。謂語用非延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語： just，already，yet（用于否定和疑問句）， lately ，recently ，in the last/past few days ， u