試談草坪養(yǎng)護與管理

1、試談草坪養(yǎng)護與管理 摘要：草坪作為公園、居住小區(qū)、江河堤壩、街路綠化的底色，在現(xiàn)代城市園林綠化中起著重要作用。草坪養(yǎng)護和管理好壞直接影響到了草坪的觀賞價值園林景觀效果。本文主要闡述了在草坪養(yǎng)護管理中的修剪、施肥、灌溉、雜草的防治、草坪病害的防治等措施。 關(guān)鍵詞：修剪、施肥、灌溉、病害防治 隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們的物質(zhì)文明和精神文明不斷提高，對美的追求更為強烈，對草坪的應(yīng)用更為廣泛、更為理想，做好草坪的養(yǎng)護是我們園林綠化中的重要部分，也是我們園林工作者不容忽視的重要環(huán)節(jié)。俗話說:“三分種，七分管?！币粔K草坪建植完成后，為了保證效果，延長其使用壽命，還主要花較多的人力、物力、技術(shù)來進行管理，因此草坪

2、的養(yǎng)護較建植還要難，還要重要。 一、修剪。修剪能使草坪更加整齊美觀，促使草坪草分蘗，促使新陳代謝，增進草坪密度，減輕雜草密度，有效抑制生長點高的闊葉雜草。草坪修剪應(yīng)遵循“三分之一原則”，即每次剪掉的部分不超過修剪前草坪草自然高度的三分之一。修剪時還應(yīng)注意機具刀片一定要鋒利，防止因刀片鈍而使草坪刀口出現(xiàn)絲狀現(xiàn)象。修剪完的草屑要及時清理干凈，以免造成病蟲害的感染和傳播。在秋季應(yīng)少剪，以便在冬季形成覆蓋。 二、施肥。草坪不斷修剪，土壤肥力不斷在消耗，因此供給必要的養(yǎng)分，保護其旺盛生長是十分必要的，施肥則是給草坪草提供養(yǎng)分的重要措施。草坪草對養(yǎng)分的需要量一般高于作物，其中需要最大的是氮肥，其次是鉀肥，

3、磷肥需求量少。氮肥的施用量可以根據(jù)草坪草的密度、生長速度、葉片的顏色來判斷，而磷肥和鉀肥的施用量則可依照土壤養(yǎng)分測定的結(jié)果來確定。化肥主要在生長季作追肥用。施肥方法一般采取噴施(根外追肥)，即將選好的化肥按比例(硫胺120、尿素150)加水稀釋，噴灑葉面；也可以將化肥按規(guī)定用量加少量細土混合均勻后撒施于草坪上。追施化肥的次數(shù)應(yīng)靈活掌握，一般每年23次即可。每次施肥后應(yīng)適量噴水，使其均勻地滲入土中。氮水量不宜過大、過猛，以免造成肥料流失。對剛修復(fù)的草坪，不能施化肥，否則會使剪口枯黃，施用化肥一般在剪后1周后進行。堆肥也是常用的肥料。所謂堆肥，就是用壤土、樹葉、草根、草葉和厥肥等層積腐熟的有機肥料

4、。堆肥可每隔23年施1次,施量為1kg/m2。 三、灌溉。灌溉不僅可以維持草坪的正常生長，還可以提高莖葉的韌性，增強草坪的耐踐踏性。草坪的灌溉應(yīng)充分，以水滲入下層土壤為宜，一般應(yīng)滲入土層10cm以下。草坪的灌水應(yīng)在蒸發(fā)量大于降水量的干旱季節(jié)進行。冬季草坪土壤封凍之后，無需澆水。一天中，早晨及傍晚是澆水的最佳時間。灌溉可以采取地面漫灌、地下灌溉及噴灌等方式。 四、雜草的防治。雜草影響草坪草的正常生長發(fā)育，破壞環(huán)境美觀，也是病蟲的寄生地。防除草坪雜草的方法很多，各種方法均可收到一定的效果，但也不可避免地存在一定的缺陷。因此，要控制草坪雜草的危害還必須堅持“預(yù)防為主，綜合治理”的方針，即因地制宜地建

5、立以化學(xué)除草為主的綜合防治體系。防除草坪雜草的方法有：清除路邊荒地雜草，防止雜草的種子、地下根莖等向栽培草坪地擴散延伸。加強植物檢疫。在草坪引種時常常帶進大量的雜草，所以做好雜草檢疫工作是防止雜草遠途傳播行之有效的方法之一。栽培管理防護。進行合理的肥水管理，以促進草坪草的長勢，增強草坪與雜草競爭的能力，并通過良好的修剪措施抑制闊葉雜草的生長。化學(xué)除草。除草劑有草坪寧2號、綠茵1號、甲胂鈉、四胂一鈉等。在禾本科雜草的幼苗處于35葉時施用，且每兩周重復(fù)一次。 五、草坪病害的防治。草坪病害的種類很多，有褐斑病、腐霉枯萎病、鐮刀枯萎病、銹病、炭疽病、猝倒病等。最常見的是褐斑病、腐霉枯萎病和銹病，現(xiàn)就這

6、3種病害進行簡要介紹。（1）褐斑病的防治方法：1.科學(xué)養(yǎng)管，調(diào)節(jié)生態(tài)環(huán)境。2.科學(xué)合理的化學(xué)防治。（2）腐霉枯萎病的防治。1.栽培防治合理灌水，見濕見干，避免夜間和傍晚澆水。2.藥劑防治。選用的藥劑有代森錳鋅、殺毒礬、消菌靈等。（3）銹病的防治。1.科學(xué)養(yǎng)管，控制氮肥的施用，適當增施磷鉀肥，合理澆水，降低田間濕度，發(fā)病后適時剪草，減少菌源數(shù)量，保證通風(fēng)透光。2.化學(xué)防治，一般在草坪葉片堅持干燥時噴藥效果好，要盡可能混合施用或交替施用，以免產(chǎn)生抗藥性。 六、蟲害的防治。草坪害蟲有蠐螬、地老虎、金針蟲、螻蛄、蚜蟲等。它們咬斷草根、啃食草葉、吸取葉汁，使草坪松散、翻倒、葉片皺縮變形并呈棕褐色，草坪成

7、塊死亡。防治要點有：鳥類的取食對其有一定的控制作用。揀除草坪上的落果和腐敗物?？墒┯玫貋嗈r(nóng)、丙胺磷、敵百蟲、氧化樂果、敵殺死等殺蟲劑。 七、適時打孔。草坪生長到一定時期以后、由于經(jīng)常澆水、行人踐踏易使土壤板結(jié)，通過適時打孔，可增加草坪的透氣性，促進草根向更深處生長；還可改善地表排水，促進草根對地表營養(yǎng)的吸收；有時還可達到補播的目的。因此，打孔是促進草坪地上和地下部分生長發(fā)育的一種重要的養(yǎng)護措施。 結(jié)束語：除以上幾個方面外，草坪的養(yǎng)護與管理還涉及許多其他問題，如：堅持適度的草氈、每年定期松根、修剪后草屑的處理、及時補播等，這里就不一一講述了?？傊挥姓_地做好日常的養(yǎng)護和管理工作，才能最大限度

8、地降低養(yǎng)護成本，堅持草坪的綠意盈盈、長久美觀。xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3p tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgk tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgk

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