中國古典園林全面介紹 中西對比 英文 Chinese Classical Garden

1、中國古典園林藝術(shù),chinese classical garden,chinese classical garden,the history,the earliest recorded chinese gardens were created in the valley of the yellow river, during the shang dynasty (1600-1046 b.c). these gardens were large enclosed parks where the kings and nobles(貴族) hunted, or where fruit and veg

2、etables were grown., the hunting ground without any artificial cultivation. coarse, primitive, big and natural., beginning, you (囿),qin and han dynasties,the history, rising period (生成期), yuan (苑), villas(別所) where the emperors can have a rest and deal with the affairs of the state. imperial park,“s

3、hanglin garden“(上林苑) emperor wu of han(漢武帝),the lake of the supreme essence（太液池）with three artificial mountains in the center.,(蓬萊、方丈、瀛洲),the layout of “one pond and three mountains”,the history, transferring period (轉(zhuǎn)折期),wei and jin dynasties,because of the wars and conflicts, many of the scholar-o

4、fficials(士大夫) tried to evade(逃避) the society by finding a spiritual space in the natural world., the garden with natural mountains and rivers,the history, heyday period (全盛期),sui and tang dynasties,the economy was flourishing and the civilization was prosperous. many people had a great interest in b

5、uilding gardens., the garden with imitating mountains and rivers, mature period (成熟期),song and yuan dynasties,the stage of maturity,the history, mature late period (成熟后期),ming and qing dynasties, the humble administrators garden(拙政園) (suzhou) the lingering garden (留園) (suzhou) the summer palace(頤和園)

6、 (beijing) the old summer palace (圓明園) (beijing) ,the peak time of chinese classical gardens,the humble administrators garden,the lingering garden,the summer palace,the old summer palace,the classification,private gardens (私家園林),imperial gardens(皇家園林）,landscape gardens (風(fēng)景名勝園林),temple gardens(寺廟園林),

7、 imperial gardens,owned by ancient chinese emperors .,beihai park ; the summer palace ; the mountain resort in chengde, private gardens,owned mainly by the painters, the poets, and other scholars.,humble administrators garden lingering garden master of the nets garden(網(wǎng)師園) lion grove garden (獅子林),fa

8、mous private gardens in suzhou:,geyuan garden(個園) heyuan garden (何園),famous private gardens in yangzhou:, private gardens, landscape gardens,places for public recreation.,west lake ; daming lake, temple gardens,the classification,the northern gardens,jiangnan gardens,cover large scale “garden of gar

9、dens”(園中之園) grand,prominent the strong symbol meaning of imperial power,the area is smaller, while the flexible layout is compact.,the northern gardens,jiangnan gardens,the elements & design, the rock,the artificial mountain (假山) or rock garden is an integral(必需的) element of chinese classical garden

10、s.,ile up the rock hills single standing rocks make the bonsai(盆景), the water,the elements & design,water is used in the chinese private gardens： for its physical beauty for its important symbols, the flowers and trees,the elements & design,they represent nature in its most vivid form, and contrast

11、with the straight lines of the architecture and immobility(靜止) of the rocks.,pine bamboo chinese plum (梅),three friends of winter (歲寒三友)., persistence(堅韌不拔), humble, dignity,the elements & design,lotus (蓮花) purity,plum blossoms strength of will,chrysanthemum splendor,eony(牡丹) wealth,willow（柳樹） peach

12、 ,the elements & design, architecture,window,window,door,gallery(廊),hall(廳),floor(樓),pavilion(亭),bridge,the elements & design, obstructive scenery (抑景或障景),it uses some artistic methods to block the scene at the entrance of a garden,the elements & design, adding view (添景),when a scenic spot is a litt

13、le bit far from the viewer, kinds of flowers,trees,or other plants will be planted in the middle or near to the observers as a kind of transition.,the elements & design, vista line(夾景),its a distant view between rows of trees or buildings which is seen through a line.,the elements & design, enframed

14、 scenery (框景),the doors, the windows, the holes will often enframe the views afar into a very beautiful picture.,the elements & design, leaking through scenery(漏景),people will have a view from the hollow(鏤空的) windows,the elements & design, borrowed scenery (借景),this could mean using scenes outside t

15、he garden, such as a view of distant mountains or the trees in the neighboring garden, to create the illusion(錯覺) that the garden was much bigger than it was.,inside a chinese garden, one scenic section always partially borrows the scenery of another section, not only to inspire the viewers curiosit

16、y for further discovery but also to enlarge the confined areas as well., “distant borrowing”(遠(yuǎn)借) e.g. mountains, forests, rivers, fields & lakes,“ adjacent borrowing” (鄰借) e.g. neighboring trees, “upward borrowing”(仰借) e.g. clouds, moon & stars, “downward borrowing”(俯借) e.g. the picturesque scene of

17、 the pagoda mirrored in water.,“seasonal borrowing”(應(yīng)時借) e.g. flowers, rain, snow, sunrise and sunset,the comparison,western gardens,the comparison,chinese gardens,western gardens,without axial symmetry(軸對稱) or other geometries,the western model is an ordered garden laid out in carefully planned geo

18、metric and symmetrical(對稱的) lines.,the comparison,chinese gardens,western gardens,recreate natural landscapes in miniature,lawns and hedges need to be kept neatly clipped for maximum effect. the plants are carefully arranged, shaped and continually maintained.,the comparison,chinese gardens,western gardens,taoism had a strong influence on the classical garden.,tidiness(整齊) precision(精確),“even though everything is the work of man, it must appear to have been created by heaven.” ji cheng(計成), yuanye(園治) (1633),“雖由人作，宛自天開”,the world follows nature,natu