(完整版)初中英語介詞用法詳解與練習(xí)

1、定義： 介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。 介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。一、表示時(shí)間的介詞 ：1)in , on，at在 時(shí)in 表示較長時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning,in the night, in one s life , in one 等。

2、 s thirties on 表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如 on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year s Day, on a cold night in January, on a finemorning, on Sunday afternoon等。at 表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of ,at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this mome

3、nt等。注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如： We meet every day.“at 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，有 on 必有天， in 指月季年，也和色相連”就是說，有具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)候用 at，具體那一天用 on，說到月份，季節(jié)，年份，就用 in ；而且說誰穿了什么顏色的衣服的時(shí)候，也是用 in XX （color）】 at 用于某一具體時(shí)刻或重大節(jié)日之前在五點(diǎn)鐘 _在中午 _在夜晚 _在圣誕節(jié) _在午夜 _(2)on 用在具體某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前在國慶節(jié) _在周二晚上 _在星期天 _(3)in 用在周、日、季節(jié)或泛指

4、的上午、下午、晚上前在一周內(nèi)_在五月 _在夏季 _在2009 年_在下午 _歸納總結(jié)在初中階段常見的固定短語in English 用英語in a minute 一會(huì)兒、立刻in a short while 一會(huì)兒、不久in a hurry 匆匆忙忙in danger 在危險(xiǎn)中in full 全部地、詳細(xì)地in a word 一句話in all 總共in every case 不管怎樣in the end 最后in spite of 盡管in person親自in fact事實(shí)上in good health 身體健康的in front of在前面in some ways在某些方面in commo

5、n 共同的in public當(dāng)眾考題再現(xiàn)： -Who was the first man with A(h1n1) flu in mainland China know for sure?AIn-_May 11,2009.BOnCForDSince2、before、afterbefore 表示“在某時(shí)刻或某件事之前” ，after 用在時(shí)刻或某件事之后。 We must leave _八.點(diǎn)鐘之前我們必須離開。 （before 8 oclock） _breakfast ,he hurried to school早.餐后，他匆忙上學(xué)去了。 （After ）考題再現(xiàn)： When the schoo

6、l biulding began to shake,the teachers ran downstdirs_all the students.The teachers are real hero.A .afterB .withC .befor【解析】 after“在 之后”， with “與 一起”， before“在 之前”。老師們是英雄，說明老師們在地震后跑在了學(xué)生之后。3、by、until 、 till（ 1） by 表示“在之前，到為止”You must hand in your homework _nine oclock.你必須在 9 點(diǎn)前交上家庭作業(yè)。（ by）（ 2） till

7、與 until 都有“直到 ”或“直到 為止”之意， till 多用于口語，且不能放在句首， till 和 until 用于肯定句時(shí)，主句中動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作一致延續(xù)到 till或 until 后的時(shí)間為止； till 和 until 用于否定句時(shí)， 主句中的動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)作， 它的動(dòng)作要到 till 或 until 后的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。Eg： He can not be back _January直.到一月份他才回來。（till/until ） We waited _10 oclock last night.昨晚我們一直等到10 點(diǎn)鐘。（till/until ）4Of, about, onOf 僅指“關(guān)于

8、”人或事物的存在。He spoke of the film the other day.He thought of the matter yesterday.About 指“關(guān)于”某人或某事物的較詳細(xì)的情況。It sabook for children about Africa and it speople.Can you tell me something about yourself?On 指“關(guān)于”學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅性的，供專門研究用的。Its a textbook on history of China.5、in ，after兩者都有“在一段時(shí)間之后”之意，但“ in+時(shí)間段”表示時(shí)間從現(xiàn)

9、在算起，常用語將來時(shí)態(tài)；而“ after+時(shí)間段 /時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示的時(shí)間從過去算起，多用于過去式。 Eg：（ 1） I will finish the work _two hours. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)后我將完成這項(xiàng)工作。（ 2） He returned his hometown _half an year半.年后他返回了他的故鄉(xiāng)?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】 No hurry.The bus will arrive _ten minutes.A .atB. forC.inD. by【解析】在將來時(shí)中， in 用在一段時(shí)間之前，表示在一段時(shí)間之后。故選C二、表示地點(diǎn)的介詞：表示方位的介詞： in、on、 toIn 表示

10、“在 內(nèi)”， on 表示“與相鄰”，to 表示“在 之外，又不相鄰” A is in the northeast of B.A is on the west of B.B is to the east of A.【考題再現(xiàn)】Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _east of Fujian.A.inB.onC.to【解析】在表示方位時(shí)， in 表在內(nèi)部， on 表相鄰， to 表在外部，又不相鄰。臺灣在附件的外部，與福建隔海相望。2、表示“在 之上或之下”的介詞above, over, onabove,belowover,under,overonThe b

11、ird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, underunderbelowThere is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.My pencil-case is _ Li Leis desk.我的鉛筆盒在李磊的課桌上。There is a bridge _ the river河.上有座橋。The plane is flying _ the clouds飛.機(jī)

12、在云層上飛行。 Please do not write _this line請.不要寫在這條線的下面。 The water flows _the bridge水.在橋下流過?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】 The weather report said that the temperature would fell _(在 下面 )zero.【解析】“在 下面”可用 below 或 under，表示在溫度的上方或下方用above（上）或Below（下）。3、表示在某地的介詞： at、in、 onat表示較小的地點(diǎn)， in表示較大的地方， on表示在一個(gè)平面上。 Eg： _ Shanghai. _ home._

13、ground.【考題再現(xiàn)】 Tom told me his parents had arrived _Beijing.A. atB.onC.inD.to【解析】arrive 后接兩個(gè)介詞 in 或 at，at 接小地方， in 接大地方。北京是大地方，4、表示“前、后”的介詞 in front of ，in the front of ，before 表示“在 之前”in front of= before 表示“在某一范圍之外的前面”in the front of 表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的前部”eg： Tom is short and always sits _ the classroom湯.姆很

14、矮，一直坐在教室的前面。 There is a tree _ my house我.的房前有棵大樹。 at the back of, behind, after三者均有“在 之后”之意， at the back of 是 in thefront of 的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的后部” ，behind 是 in front of 的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之外的后面” ，After 可與 behind 互換，也可以用于表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的詞詞后面。Eg： The couples are walking _their son這.對夫婦跟在他們的兒子后面散步。 Your cat is _the tree你

15、.的貓躲在樹后面。 Theres a blackboard _the classroom教.室后面有塊黑板?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】 There is a bank _（在 后面） the bus station.【解析】在某一物體外部的后面，5、表示“里外”的介詞 in 表示“在 內(nèi)”，有靜止之意， inside 表示“在 里面”、“到 里面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“以 為界”之意，into 表示動(dòng)作的方向，意為“到 內(nèi)”。Eg：My wallet is _the closet.我的錢包在衣柜里。The boy rushed _ the house這.個(gè)男孩沖進(jìn)房子。He was reading English _th

16、e door他.在家里讀英語。 outside 是 inside 的反義詞，表示“在 外面”， out of 是 into 的反義詞，表示“到 外”。 Eg： Dontlook _the window when you are in class上.課時(shí)不要想窗外看。 They are having an important meeting ,please wait _ the office他.們正在召開一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議，請?jiān)谵k公室外邊等候。6. from, to, for, into, out of 1)from 從 .The train started from Paris. She will

17、 fly from Beijing to HK. 2)to 到 .（目的地）去，向 .He went to Guangzhou last year.They got to the town very late.3)for向 .，表目的方向He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.The train for Shanghai has been away.Towards, to 和for都可表示方向，其區(qū)別如下：Towards僅指朝向某個(gè)方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。For 作“向（目的地）時(shí)，常用于固定搭配中，如：4) into

18、進(jìn)入Please put the water into the bottle.The teacher came into the classroom.5)out of 從 .出來A girl in red went out of the shop.They pulled him out of the water.leave for, start for三、其他介詞1、表示材料與手段的介詞：with, by, in with 表示用什么工具，所用的東西都是具體的物。Eg：We see _our eyes and hear _ears我們.用眼看，用耳聽。 by 指“靠 手段”，“用 方法”，“憑

19、借 動(dòng)作”，所表示的方法、手段、途徑比較抽象，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，也可和bus、plane、bike 等表示交通手段的名詞連用。Eg：He earns his living _writing.他靠寫作謀生。I shall contact you _telephone我.將打電話和你聯(lián)系。I will travel to Hainan _ air.我將乘飛機(jī)去海南。【考題再現(xiàn)】Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friend.A. inB. byC. forD. with【解析】 by 后接動(dòng)名詞常表示使用某

20、種方法或通過某種途徑。 in 表示“所用材料以及所用的語言、聲音、衣飾等”They are talking _Japanese他.們正用日語交談。The boy always _a blue heat男.孩常帶一頂藍(lán)帽。eg： I like to draw picture _red ink.我喜歡用紅墨水畫畫?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】 Betly let s make a cake _some flour, sugar, butter and milk.A. atB. ofC. inD. with【解析】根據(jù)句意“ Betly 讓我們用面粉、糖、黃油、牛奶做面包”可知，空格部分介詞為用，With 指工具或

21、材料，2、of, from, aboutOf 表示“屬于 的”，表示數(shù)量或種類； from 表示“是哪里人”以及時(shí)間或時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)來自； about“關(guān)于 ”、“大約、左右”等。Eg： The old man sit here _morning從.早晨起老人就坐在這兒。 Wang Hong is a friend _mine王.紅是我的一位朋友。 I know nothing _him.我對他一無所知。 There are _fifty people in the room房.間里大約有 50 人。 Here is a cup _tea for you給.你一杯茶。 These visitors

22、 are all _American這.些游客都來自美國?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】 I got an e-mail this morning.It was _ my foreign friend ,Tony.【解析】 be from 意為“來自”，表明主語的出處。 四、幾個(gè)已混介詞的用法辨析1)表示“在 之間”的介詞：between, amongbetween 指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；among 指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。 My school is _the post office and the hospital我.的學(xué)校在郵局和醫(yī)院之間。 I found him _the crowd.我從人

23、群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他。【考題再現(xiàn)】 You must ride your bike _the right side of road.A. atB. onC. inD .forThere is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.2)by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具by 以 方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in 表示用 方式，用 語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等；H

24、e makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.五、含有介詞的固定搭配1、介詞與動(dòng)詞do well in在某方面做do with處置agreewith同意某人的好sb.begin with以 開始laugh at嘲笑help with在 方面幫助leave for動(dòng)身去某地catch up趕上geton/a與 相處withlong witharrive到達(dá)make與 交take care of照顧、照in/atfriend w

25、ith朋友料look at看listen to聽hear from聽說look for尋找turn on/off打 開 /send for派人去請關(guān)上look after照看、照料put on穿上pay for為 付錢lookover檢查depend on依賴、wait for等候【解析】本題考查的是介詞的固定搭配?！盀?付錢”依靠fill with充滿ask for要，要求【考題再現(xiàn)】 What would you do _the lost libarary book? I would by to find it or pay _ it.A. for, toB. about, forC. w

26、ith, forD. with, todo with 意為“處置”、“對付”，pay for2、介詞和形容詞的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.對某人感到滿be weak in在某方面差意be good/bad for對 有益/有害be late for遲到be pleased with sb.對某人感到滿be busy with忙于意be angry at sth.因 而生氣be made of由 制成be angry at sb.生某人的氣be good at在 方面做的好be full of充滿bedifferent與 不同frombe strict with sb.對某

27、人要求嚴(yán)bestrict in對某事要求嚴(yán)格格sth.be proud of以 為榮【考題再現(xiàn)】 We must be strict _ourselves and strict_our work.A.in,withB.with,inC.in,inD.with,with【解析】本體考察的是介詞和形容詞搭配的固定短語。be strict with sb.意為“對某人要求嚴(yán)格”，對某事要求嚴(yán)格在 strict 后面接 in3、介詞與名詞搭配in time及時(shí)at work在工作on time按時(shí)in fact事實(shí)上at home在家at once馬上at night晚上in trouble處于困境o

28、n foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在陽光下鞏固練習(xí)1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China（. in, on, to）2.Go _ the bridge _ the river, you ll find the shop.（across,through; over, above）3. I go to school _7:30 every morning.（ in, on, at）4.He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning（.between,a

29、mong ）5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years（.in, for, after）6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday（.except, besides）7. He wrote the letter _ ink（.by, with ,in）8. She returned to her country _five years（.in, after, for）9. There is a big tree _ our classroom（. after, behind）10. I

30、 usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with）強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)1Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; onB. at; onC. in; inD. in; on2-There is nothing tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. onB. inC. outD. up3A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981

31、.A. inB. atC. onD. since4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. onB. atC. inD. during5My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935.A. onB. inC. atD. of6The train is starting _ five minutes.A. inB. atC. forD. still7Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; toB. at; inC. by; ofD. at; on21The p

32、opulation of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the passC. in the past D. for past2We returned to our hometown_.A. next weekB. in the last week C. last week D. for a week3Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few yearB. in the last few yearsC. last year

33、D. on the last year31Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day.A. inB. onC. forD. at2_ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. InB. OnC. AtD. For3It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. atB. onC. withD. of4Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A

34、. onB. /C. atD. in41 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; onB. on; inC. on; onD. in; in2Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984.A. onB. inC. atD. to3Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996.A. onB. ofC. to,D. in4_ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers

35、 came to Chicago to showtheir mourning _Joe Hill.A. On; toB. In; ofC. On; forD. At; for5Ann moved _ Hangzhou_ September, 1992.A. /; inB. to; inC. to; onD. in; in6They started off_ an autumn afternoon.A. duringB. atC. inD. on51He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; inB. to; at

36、inC. to; for; atD, for; at; to2He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. fA. at; in; atB. to; on; atC. in; on; atD. in; at; on3The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A: inB. atC. onD. of4The children get up _ 6 oclock.A. atB. onC. duringD. in61The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A.

37、 for; withB. on; without C. about; having D. for; without2I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_ myself_last.A. for; by; atB. in; with; onC. on; by; in D. for; for; at the3A new factory will be set up_ a years later.A. forB. inC. afterD. on4Two years_ he began to write another st

38、ory-book.A. afterB. later;C. inD. late5We will finish the picturea day.A. in B. on C. after D. on6The workers had been_ strike _ almost a month.A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during7Mr. Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally foundhim.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during71 The teacher is coming back_ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before2 Sh